考研考博-英语-太原工业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原工业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Greenmeanshealthyoutsideofhospitals,too.Officeworkerswithnatureviewsaremore（1）abouttheirjobs,lessfrustrated,inbetterhealthandmoresatisfiedwiththeir（2）,accordingtoonestudy.Accordingtoanother,prisoninmateswhosecellslookedoutonfarmfieldsneededfarlesshealthcarethanthosewhosecellsfaceda（3）internalcourtyard.Psychologistshavefoundthatexposure（4）trees,streamsandothernaturalfeaturesimprovesconcentration,creativityandemotionalfunctioning.Inonestudy.FrancesKuo,PhD,apsychologistwho（5）theLandscapeandHumanHealthLaboratoryattheUniversityofIllinois,andhercolleaguesshowedthat20-minutewalksacrossleafycityparkseasesADHD（6）inkids.Afewyearsago,Kuoandherresearchpartnerstestedchildreninahigh-riseChicagopublic-housingprojecttoseeifaviewofnaturefromtheirapartmentshelpedthempsychologically.（7）withgirlswholookedoutonbrickandasphalt,girlswhosawtreesfromtheirwindowsconcentratedbetter,actedless（8）andweremoreabletodelaygratification.That（9）betterself-discipline,Kuosays,whichcouldhelpgirlsbetterhandlethe（10

）thatcometheirwayastheygrowupintheprojects.TheIllinoisresearchersalsoshowedthatareasofthepublic-housingprojectwithtreesandgrasshadlowerlevelsofcrime,（11

）violence,noise,litterandgraffiti(涂鸦).“Whenyouputallthesethingstogether,it’sapictureofahealthierneighborhood,”Kuosay.Greenerneighborhoodsmayevenimprovethe（12

）physicalhealthoftheirresidents.Dutchscientistscrosscheckedtheself-reportedhealthof10,000peoplewiththegreennessoftheirneighborhoods.After（13

）fortheirincome,ageandotherfactorsthataffecthealth,theyfoundthatpeopleingreenerneighborhoodswerehealthier.Inanotherstudy,elderlyTokyoresidentsweresignificantlymorelikelytosurvive（14

）anotherfiveyearsiftheirneighborhood（15

）walkableparksandtree-linedstreets.

问题1选项

A.keen

B.eager

C.zealous

D.enthusiastic

问题2选项

A.lives

B.alive

C.live

D.living

问题3选项

A.blight

B.bleak

C.bleach

D.blemished

问题4选项

A.for

B.to

C.from

D.at

问题5选项

A.directs

B.improves

C.helps

D.satisfies

问题6选项

A.frustration

B.features

C.emotions

D.symptoms

问题7选项

A.Comparing

B.Compare

C.Compared

D.Tocompare

问题8选项

A.inpulsively

B.dispulsively

C.impulsively

D.unpulsively

问题9选项

A.amountupto

B.addsupto

C.isupto

D.livesupto

问题10选项

A.challenges

B.career

C.professions

D.task

问题11选项

A.domestic

B.forensic

C.explicit

D.metropolitan

问题12选项

A.totally

B.partial

C.overall

D.whole

问题13选项

A.account

B.accounting

C.accounted

D.havingaccounting

问题14选项

A.from

B.in

C.up

D.for

问题15选项

A.retained

B.attained

C.detained

D.contained

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:D

【解析】（1）固定搭配。beenthusiasticabout为固定搭配，表示“热衷于,对...充满热情”。keen后面一般接on；eager一般与to搭配；zealous一般与for搭配。所以选项D正确。

（2）名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指对他们的生活感到更满意。只有选项A表示生活；alive“活着的”；live“活的，直播的”；living表示“生计，生活方式，生存之道”。所以选项A正确。

（3）形容词词义辨析。blight“枯萎，荒芜”；bleak“阴冷的,荒凉的”；bleach“漂白”；blemished“有瑕疵的,有污点的”。根据句意可知填空处应为形容词修饰花园。只有选项B符合原文。

（4）固定搭配。Exposure通常与to搭配,表示“暴露于”。原文指的是处于某种环境中，所以选项B正确。

（5）动词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指管理实验室的心理学家，选项A符合原文语境。

（6）名词词义辨析。根据句意：在树木繁茂的城市公园散步20分钟可以缓解儿童多动症的症状。选项D符合原文语境。

（7）语法知识。考查comparingwith和comparedwith的区别。当句子的主语是被比较的对象时,用comparedwith；当句子的主语是比较动作的发出者时,用comparingwith。句中的主语为girls，为被比较的对象,所以用compared。选项C正确。

（8）形容词词义辨析。根据原文句意：看到树木的女孩们注意力更加集中,行为不那么冲动。选项中只有impulsively表示“易冲动的”。其他三个选项均拼写错误。所以选项C正确。

（9）动词词组辨析。amountupto“至多”;addupto“总计达”;isupto“从事;忙于”;liveupto“实现,达到”。根据原文可知，本句是对上一句的递进说明，表示还会提高自律性。选项D正确。

（10）名词词义辨析。根据句意：这可以帮助她们更好地处理成长过程中遇到的挑战。选项A符合原文语境。

（11）固定搭配。domesticviolence为固定搭配，表示“家庭暴力”。

（12）形容词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指提高居民整体的健康状况。totally完全地；partial局部地；overall全部的，强调全面综合的；whole完整的，强调事物完好无缺。所以选项C更恰当。

（13）语法知识。此处考查动词account的各种形式。空格前面是介词after，所以后面只能接名词，代词或动名词，所以空格处应该是用动名词形式。选项B正确。

（14）介词搭配。survive与for搭配使用,表示“存活……”,后一般跟时间。选项D正确。

（15）语法理解题。retained保留，保存；attained获得，达到；detained扣留；contained包含。根据句意：”如果东京的老年居民所在的社区有可步行的公园和绿树成荫的街道...”可知，选项D更符合语境。

2.单选题

问题1选项

A.cereal

B.serial

C.series

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】形近词词义辨析。句意:我们正生活在一个很大的化学实验中，科学家发现一些严重的后果正变得越来越明显。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Creatingsomuchconfusion,Jasonrealizedhehadbettermake（

）whathewastryingtotelltheaudience.

问题1选项

A.exclusive

B.explicit

C.objective

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。exclusive“独有的，排外的”；explicit“明确的，清楚的”；objective“客观的”；obscure“不清楚的，隐蔽的”。句意：在造成诸多困惑后，杰森意识到自己最好把试图告诉听众的事情弄清楚。由Creatingsomuchconfusion可知Jason最好是把这些困惑给弄清楚。答案B

4.问答题

Theyearsbetween1870and1895broughtenormouschangestothetheaterintheUnitedStatesastheresidentcompanywasunderminedbytouringgroups,asNewYorkbecametheonlymajorcenterofproduction,andasthelongrunreplacedtherepertory（库存）system.By1870,theresidentstockcompanywasatthepeakofitsdevelopmentintheUnitedStates.The50permanentcompaniesof1870,however,haddwindledto20by1878,to8by1880,to4by1887,andhadalmostdisappearedby1900.Whilethecausesofthischangearenumerous,probablythemostimportantwastheriseofthe“combination”company(thatis,onethattravelswithstarsandfullcompany).Sendingoutacompleteproductionwasmerelyalogicalextensionoftouringbystars.Bythe1840’smanymajoractorswerealreadytakingalongasmallgroupoflesserplayers,fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.

Thereismuchdisagreementabouttheoriginofthecombinationcompany.Bouciaultclaimedtohaveinitiateditaround1860whenhesentoutatroupewithColleenBawn,butabookpublishedin1859speaksofcombinationcompaniesasalreadyestablished.JosephJeffersonⅢalsodeclaredthathewasapioneerinthemovement.Inactuality,thepracticeprobablybegantentativelyduringthe1850’s,onlytobeinterruptedbytheCivilWar.Itmushroomedinthe1870’s,astherapidexpansionoftherailwaysystemmadeitincreasinglyfeasibletotransportfullproductions.In1872,LawrenceBarretttookhiscompany,butnoscenery,ontour;in1876,RoseMichelwassentoutwithfullcompany,scenery,andproperties.Bytheseasonof1876—1877therewerenearly100combinationcompaniesontheroad,andby1886therewere282.

81.Whatwasthetrendfortheresidentstockcompaniesattheendofthe19thcentury?

82.Accordingtothepassage,themajorreasonforthedeclineoftheresidentstockcompanieswas

83.Whydidmanyimportantactorsjoinsomeminorplayersin1840’s?

84.Accordingtothepassage,thedevelopmentoffulltouringcompanieswasaidedby

85.WhyisLawrenceBarrenttmentionedinthepassage?

【答案】81.Theydeclined/dwindledgraduallyandalmostdisappearedby1900.

82.Themajorreasonwastheriseofthe“combination”company.

83.Fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.

84.Railwaysystem

85.Heservedasanexampleofthedevelopmentoffullcompanyandhetookanearlycombinationcompanyontour.

【解析】81.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句…haddwindledto20by1878,to8by1880,to4by1887,andhadalmostdisappearedby1900.（到1878年减少到20个，到1880年减少到8个，到1887年减少到4个，到1900年几乎消失）可知答案。

82.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：居民股票公司衰落的主要原因。定位到文章第一段第四句Whilethecausesofthischangearenumerous,probablythemostimportantwastheriseofthe“combination”company.（虽然造成这种变化的原因很多，但最重要的可能是美国经济的崛起“联合”公司）可知答案。

83.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段最后Bythe1840’smanymajoractorswere…fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.（到了18世纪40年代，许多主要的行动者已经开始与一小部分较小的行动者合作，因为他们不能确定当地公司是否能够在次要的领域提供足够的支持）可知答案。

84.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题：为什么许多重要的演员在1840年加入了一些次要的角色?定位到文章倒数第三句Itmushroomedinthe1870’s,astherapidexpansionoftherailwaysystemmadeitincreasinglyfeasibletotransportfullproductions.（它如雨后春笋般出现在19世纪70年代，因为铁路系统的迅速扩张使得运输全部产品变得越来越可行。）可知答案。

85.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句可知，本段主旨是关于合并公司的起源。定位到文章最后两句In1872,LawrenceBarretttookhiscompany…（1872年，劳伦斯•巴雷特接管了他的公司…）；Bytheseasonof1876-1877therewerenearly100combinationcompaniesontheroad,andby1886therewere282.（到1876年至1877年的这个季节，有近100家联合公司，到1886年有282家），由此可知是在举关于combinationcompanyontour的例子，而且根据文意可知LawrenceBarrett接手了早期的合并公司。

5.单选题

Myhusbandatea____breakfastbeforehesetoffforhisremotefarmhouse.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.convenient

C.hearty

D.heady

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“prime”，意为“最初的，首位的”；B选项“convenient”，意为“方便的，附近的”；C选项“hearty”，意为“衷心的，强健的，营养丰富的，丰盛的”；D选项“heady”，意为“顽固的，任性的”。句意：我的丈夫在启程去偏远农舍之前，享用了一顿丰盛的早餐。因此，C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Lastyear,thegovernmentaskedtheUniversityofNottinghamtocarryoutresearchontheskillsofuniversitystudents.Thefindingsconfirmthedisquietofemployersatthelackofbasicskillstheyobserveinsomegraduates.Britishuniversitieshaveusuallyadmittedonlythebeststudents,soitissurprisingtoreadaboutthesefindings.

Theresearchshowedthatlessthanoneuniversitystudentinfiveachievesthelevelsexpectedofbright18-year-oldsinallthreeofthekeyskillsofcommunication,theapplicationofnumber,andinformationtechnology(IT).

Somehavearguedthattherearetwootherkeyskillareaswherestudentsmightbeexpectedtoshowsomeability-improvingtheirownlearning,andworkingwithothers.Ifweaddintheseskillareas,theresearchshowsthatonlyaboutadozenstudentsamongnearlytwohundredtestedacrosstenuniversitiesscoredtopmarks.

Notmanyuniversitiesfocusonthesegeneral,basicskills.Indeed,manyuniversitiesassumethattheirhighly-qualifiedifincomingstudentshavealltheseskills.Butaretheyrighttoassumethat?Iftheyarenot,thenuniversityeducatorsmayhavetostartpayingmoreattentiontodevelopingsuchskillsthantheyhaveinthepast.

Itisofcoursepossibletogetagooddegree,evenfromatopclassuniversity,andnotnecessarilyifhaveall-roundskillsnecessaryforoperatinginemploymentandeverydaysituations.SomegraduatesarenotgoodatIT;othershavedifficultyintheapplicationofnumberskills.Manyarepoorincommunicationskillsinspeech,orwriting,orboth.Forexample,manyemployersnotethatevenhighly-qualifiedgraduateshavedifficultyingivingaclearexplanationofsomethingtheyunderstandtoagroupofpeoplelistening.

Achievementoftheseskillsisnotnormallyrequiredinhighschool;however,onemightexpectsstudentstobebetterintheseskillsthantheyare.

TheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveyneedto-betreatedwithsomecare:thesamplewassmall,andweonlyassessedstudentswhocouldbepresentatcertaintimesoftheday;wewerenotabletoassesseveryaspectofeveryskill.(Butevenifwedoubledthenumberofstudentstestedwhoachievedlevel3onourtests-justbelowtheminimumlevelrequiredbyemployerstwothirdsoffirstyearstudentswouldnotnutachievetheseminimumlevels.

Eachofthestudentstookpartinatwo-and-a-halfhourassessmentsession.Duringthissessiontheycompletedpencilandpapertests.Theyalsodidagroupexerciseandpresentation,duringwhichtheyhadtoworkwithothers,andtheneachinturnpresentanoralreport.Inaddition,theywereaskedtocompleteaself-reportquestionnairecoveringtheirknowledgeandexperienceofIT.

Manywouldarguethatbeingbrilliantinanyoneortwooftheseskillsisnotenough,studentsshouldreallyhaveanall-roundabilityinalltheseskillareas.Thestoryismuchlessencouragingwhenwelookatsuccessinacombinationofskills.Onlyaboutfivepercentofthosesampledachievedacceptablelevelsinallfiveskillareas.

Thefactisthatuniversitycoursesvaryagreatdeal.Insomeinstances,theyallowstudentstodoverywellatcertainthingsthatarehighlyvaluedwithintheiracademicfielD.However,thesequalitiesmaynottransfereasilytoothersituations.Manyemployersgotoparticularinstitutions,andparticulardegreesubjectshopingtofindthekindofgraduatetheywant.Thegovernmentisnowconsideringwaysinwhichtrainingintheseskillscanbebuiltintoeverydegreeprogrammedoffered.

Thismaystrikefearintotheheartsofmanyuniversitylecturers,whoarealreadyhavingtocopewithmuchgreaterdemandsontheirteachingandresearchskills.However,thereisreasontobelievethatsomeinstitutionsarealreadydealingwiththeproblem,andwithsomesuccess.Forexample,theUniversityofLoughborough(nearNottingham)hasanexcellentprogrammeinstudyandITskills,andtheUniversitychecksonstudents'skillsastheyproceedthroughtheircourses.Theseuniversitiesnowrealizethatbasicskillsnotonlyhelptheirstudentstolearnmoreeffectively,theyalsomakethemmoreemployableoncetheyhavelefttheuniversity.

1.Whatarethebasicskillsoftheuniversitygraduates?

2.Somearguedthatotherbasicskillslike（）arealsoexpected.

3.Usually,achievementofthesebasicskillsisnotnormallyrequiredin（）.

4.WhyshouldtheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveybetreatedwithsomecare?

5.Howmuchpercentofthesampledachievedacceptablelevelinallfiveskillsareasaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Communication

B.Applicationofnumber

C.Informationtechnology

D.Alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.theabilitytoimprovetheirownlearning

B.theabilitytomakeindependentdecision

C.theabilitytoexplainsomethingclearly

D.theabilityofpassingpapertests

问题3选项

A.colleges

B.highschools

C.communication

D.graduate

问题4选项

A.Thesurveyisnotaccurate

B.Thesurveyisnotacceptedbythepublic

C.Mostofthestudentsaretopstudentsintheuniversity

D.Thesurveyonlyassessedasmallpartofthestudents.

问题5选项

A.6%

B.5%

C.30%

D.44%

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词basicskills可以定位到文章第中“Theresearchshowedthatlessthanoneuniversitystudentinfiveachievesthelevelsexpectedofbright18-year-oldsinallthreeofthekeyskillsofcommunication,theapplicationofnumber,andinformationtechnology(IT).”中文翻译为：研究表明，在沟通、应用数字和信息技术这三项关键技能方面，只有不到五分之一的大学生达到了18岁聪明学生的期望水平。可以得知这三项都是大学生的基本技能。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“Somehavearguedthattherearetwootherkeyskillareaswherestudentsmightbeexpectedtoshowsomeability_improvingtheirownlearning,andworkingwithothers.”中文翻译为：―些人认为，在其他两个关键技能领域中，学生可能会表现出一定的能力,提高自己的学习能力，以及与他人合作。可以得知A选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章中“Achievementoftheseskillsisnotnormallyrequiredinhighschool”中文翻译为：高中通常不要求取得这些技能。以及“however,onemightexpectsstudentstobebetterintheseskillsthantheyare.”，中文翻译为：然而，人们可能会期望学生在这些技能上比他们更好。可以得知B选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“betreatedwithsomecare”可以定位到文章中“TheresultsfromtheUniversityofNottinghamsurveyneedtobetreatedwithsomecare:thesamplewassmall,andweonlyassessedstudentswhocouldbepresentatcertaintimesoftheday;wewerenotabletoassesseveryaspectofeveryskill.”中文翻译为：诺丁汉大学的调查结果需要谨慎对待：样本很小，我们只对一天中可能出现在某一时间的学生进行评估；我们无法评估每项技能的每个方面。可以得知D选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。由题干关键词achievedacceptablelevel可以定位到文章中“Onlyaboutfivepercentofthosesampledachievedacceptablelevelsinallfiveskillareas”中文翻译为：在所有五个技能领域中，只有大约5%的样本达到了可接受的水平。可以得知B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysomeoftheirspecializedbranches.

问题1选项

A.conventionally

B.obviously

C.inevitably

D.especially

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项conventionally“通常”；B选项obviously“明显地”；C选项inevitably“不可避免地”；D选项especially“尤其”。句意：医学依赖于其他领域的基本信息，特别是某些领域的专业信息分支。表达的是“特别”的意思，因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Manyofherfollowersremain（loyal）toher,andeventhosewhohaverejectedherleadership.

问题1选项

A.obedient

B.friendly

C.faithful

D.sympathetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：她的许多追随者仍然效忠于她，即使是那些不满她领导能力的人也不例外。A选项obedient“顺从的”；B选项friendly“友好的”；C选项faithful“忠诚的”；D选项sympathetic“同情的”。loyal意为“忠诚的”，选项C与之意思相近，符合语境。

9.单选题

By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.

TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.

Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.

FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80’s),butIndia’shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.

21.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo______.

22.Studieshaveshownthat______.

23.Accordingtothepassage,atiger’sterritory______.

24.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger______.

25.Theauthorseems______.

问题1选项

A.studythegrowthrateoftigers

B.protecttigersfrombeingkilled

C.promotethebreedingofyoungtigers

D.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers

问题2选项

A.atigressneverattacksuntilattacked

B.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigers

C.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritory

D.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed

问题3选项

A.remainsunchanged

B.isoftendefendedbytigresses

C.expandsasthetigergrowsup

D.isthecauseofmostfights

问题4选项

A.hasbeencarriedtoofar

B.hasnotreceivedenoughattention

C.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoal

D.isnotworththemoneyspentonit

问题5选项

A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTiger

B.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTiger

C.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTiger

D.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“老虎计划的最终目标是……”。定位文章第一段，该段讲述了老虎数量锐减，最后提到ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserveswerecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.（世界自然基金会资助的老虎项目立即启动。建立了9个老虎保护区，有武装警卫保护它们。），可推知老虎被捕杀是其数量剧减的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被杀是野生动物保护基金会的最终目的。B项“保护老虎不被杀害”正确。A项“研究老虎的生长速度”和C项“促进幼虎的繁殖”没提到，属于无中生有。D项“分析老虎的行为模式”在第二段有提及，定位第一句TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.（该项目为来自印度和国外的研究人员提供了研究保护区老虎的机会，并收集了以前无法获得的关于老虎习性的信息）可知，该项并不是这个老虎项目的目标，而是其有利之处，属于张冠李戴。因此，该题选择B项。

22.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“研究表明……”。定位第三段第二句Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.（但研究表明老虎捕捉猎物的成功率仅为1/20）可知，老虎捕捉猎物的成功率很低，所以D项“老虎并不是通常所说的高效的猎手”正确。A项“母老虎在受到攻击之前从不攻击”和B项“母老虎不像其他老虎那样凶猛”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位第二段倒数第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它会根据其他老虎独特的身体气味，尽量避免争夺地盘）可知，C项“一只老虎通常与另一只老虎搏斗以保卫自己的领土”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。因此，该题选择D项。

23.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据文章，老虎的领地……”。定位第二段第二句Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.（研究表明，根据年龄、体型和力量，雄性老虎可以控制10到20平方公里的狩猎区域），以及第三句Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritoriesofthreeorfourtigresses.（雄虎的领地包括三到四只雌虎的小领地）可知，一头雄老虎依年龄、体型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩猎领地，随着老虎的长大，其体型及力量都在增大，其占领的狩猎领地的面积自然也就增大，C项“随着老虎的成长而扩大”正确。A项“保持不变”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。B项“通常由母老虎保护”没有提到，属于无中生有。定位第二段倒数第二句Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.（但它会根据其他老虎独特的身体气味，尽量避免争夺地盘）可知，D项“是大多数打架的原因”也是反向干扰。因此，该题选择C项。

24.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“有些人害怕老虎计划……”。定位最后一段第一句FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.（最近人们开始担心“老虎计划”太成功了），toosuccessful与A项中的carriedtoofar是同样的意思，所以A项“做得太过火”正确。B项“没有得到足够的重视”和C项“没有实现它的目标”与原文相反，属于反向干扰。D项“不值得花这么多钱”没提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择A项。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者看起来……”。纵观全文，作者对于老虎保护项目没有加入个人的主观色彩，也没有描述主观情感的词语，所以他持的是一种客观的态度。B项“对老虎计划采取实事求是的态度”符合题意。A项“对老虎计划充满热情”、C项“对老虎计划持敌对态度”和D项“对老虎计划感到满意”都是曲解原文。因此，该题选择B项。

10.单选题

Assoonasshearrivedhomefromthestore,shefoundshe______anurgentlyneededarticleontheshoppinglist.

问题1选项

A.leftoff

B.leftout

C.letout

D.madeup

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项leftoff“停止，中断”，B项leftout“忽视，不考虑”，C项letout“放出，泄露”，D项makeup“编造，化妆”。根据句子意思“她从商店一到家，就发现购物单上有一件急需的物品……”可推断，空格处应该表示“忘记买”的意思，四个选项中只有B选项能表达出句子的意思。句意：她从商店一到家，就发现购物单上漏掉了一件急需的东西。因此，该题选择B项正确。

11.单选题

Thetownsquarereallylooksmagnificentatnightwhenitis（

）

问题1选项

A.illuminated

B.decorated

C.furnished

D.inhabited

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。illuminated“被照明的”；decorated“装饰的，修饰的”；furnished“家具，有家具的”；inhabited“有人居住的”。句意：当灯光照亮时，夜晚的城市广场看上去真的很宏伟。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.

The286NationalResearchCouncil(NRC)reportsaysthattocontinueonthepresentcourseunderbudgetsthatdon’tkeeppacewithinflation“istoinvitefailure,disillusionment,andthelossofthelongstandinginternationalperceptionthathumanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest.”

Amajorargumentagainstreturningtothemoonwasthatitdidn’tpencilout一thattherewasn’tnearlyenoughmoneydedicatedtotheprogram.IfthegoalisahumanlandingonMars,thecurrentstrategywon’twork.

“Absentaveryfundamentalchangeinthenation’swayofdoingbusiness,itisnotrealistictobelievethatwecanachievetheconsensusgoalofreachingMars,”MitchDaniels,theformerIndianagovernorandco-chairofthecommittee,saidWednesdaymorninginaninterview.

A2009committeeappointedbyObamaurgedNASAtokeepitsoptionsopenwhileinvestinginspaceflighttechnologyandlettingthecommercialsectorhandleroutinetripstolowEarthorbit.ButtheNRCreviewersarguethatNASAanditsinternationalpartnersshouldfocusonthe“horizongoal”ofMarsanddowhateverittakestogetthere,stepbystep,avoidingchangesinstrategicdirection.

NASAofficials,awarethatcriticsseetheagencyasadrift,saytheyhavealreadybeenmovinginthedirectionadvocatedbytheNRC.TheirstrategytargetsMars,justastheNRCreportnowdemands,theysay.“AllthisworkwilleventuallyenableastronautmissionstoMars，”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldensaidinarecentNASAwhitepaper.

“NASA’sbeendoingsomework,andhasbeendoingsomethinkingoverthelastsixmonths,that

isinalignmentwithwhattheNRCsaysthetop-levelgoalsare，”saidGregWilliams,aNASAdeputyassociateadministrator.

ButWilliamswascooltothesuggestionofareturntothemoon,sayingtheairlessmoonofferslittlehelpindevelopingthekindofdescentandlandingtechniquesneededonMars,whichhasathin,troublesomeatmosphere.

TheNRCcommitteeprobedthephilosophicalquestionofwhywesendpeopleintospacetobeginwith.Thecommitteeconcludedthatthepurelypractical,economicbenefitsofhumanspaceflightdonotjustifythecostsbutthattheaspirationalnatureoftheendeavormaymakeitworththeeffort.

1.ThereviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramisdescribedas（

）.

2.TheNationalResearchCouncilreportimpliesthat

（

）.

3.AccordingtoMitchDaniels,reachingMars

（

）.

4.A2009committeeappointedbyObamaarguedthatNASAshould

（

）.

5.NASAiscriticizedfor

（

）.

6.TheNRCcommitteeclaimedthatspaceflight（

）.

问题1选项

A.timely

B.extensive

C.critical

D.notable

问题2选项

A.theU.S.playsaleadingroleinspaceflight

B.internationalcooperationrequiresmorebudget

C.theprogram’schancesofsuccessareslim

D.thepublicneedtogivemoresupporttotheprogram

问题3选项

A.lacksfundingfromthebusinessworld

B.isaprojectthathasmadegreatachievements

C.isagenerallyacceptedobjective

D.willchangethecountryinvariousways

问题4选项

A.becomemorecommercialized

B.paymoreattentiontolow-Earth-orbitprojects

C.becomemorerealisticwithitsstrategies

D.makemoreeffortsindifferentspaceprograms

问题5选项

A.lackingconsistentgoals

B.beingoverambitious

C.demandingtoomuchfund

D.havinglow-qualitystaff

问题6选项

A.deservesdevotion

B.bringseconomicbenefits

C.wouldhaveanuncertainfuture

D.shouldusethetechniquesofmoon-landing

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.（对美国宇航局载人航天计划的全面审查得出结论，该机构有一个不可持续和不安全的战略，将阻止美国在可预见的未来实现人类登陆火星。）”，即可得出本题答案。

2.细节推理题。根据题干关键词“TheNationalResearchCouncil”,可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据“humanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest（人类太空飞行是美国做得最好的事情）”,即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“MitchDaniels”,可将信息点定位至原文第四段。根据“Absentaveryfundamentalchangeinthenation’swayofdoingbusiness,itisnotrealistictobelievethatwecanachievetheconsensusgoalofreachingMars（目前国家在做事的方式上缺少根本性的改变，(而一味地)认为我们可以完成到达火星这一大家共识的目标是不现实的。）”,即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段，根据“tokeepitsoptionsopenwhileinvestinginspaceflighttechnologyandlettingthecommercialsectorhandleroutinetripstolowEarthorbit（在投资航天技术和让商业部门处理常规近地轨道旅行的同时，保持其选择的开放性）”,即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推理题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。根据“…shouldfocusonthe“horizongoal”ofMars（航天局应该专注于在火星项目范围内的目标）”，即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“theaspirationalnatureoftheendeavormaymakeitworththeeffort（努力的渴望性质可能使其值得付出努力）”，即可得出本题答案。

13.单选题

（

）ofthegrasslanddwell