考研考博-英语-哈尔滨商业大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨商业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Everydaytherearereportsof_______thathavebeencommittedagainstinnocentpeople.

问题1选项

A.behaviors

B.fixtures

C.subordinates

D.atrocities

【答案】D

【解析】behavior举止,行为；fixture设备,固定装置;subordinate下属;atrocity暴行，残暴。句意：每天都有关于对无辜人民实施暴行的报道。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

“Youtrytogetsomesleep.I'll（）thepatientsbreakfast,”saidthenurse.

问题1选项

A.seeto

B.stickto

C.getto

D.leadto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。seeto“注意，负责”；stickto“坚持”；getto“到达”；leadto“导致，通向”。句意：这位护士说：“你去睡一会吧，我会负责病人的早餐的”。A项符合题意。

3.单选题

What______supposewouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

问题1选项

A.willyou

B.doyou

C.wouldyou

D.youwould

【答案】B

【解析】考查语序。在该句子中，doyousuppose相当于一个插入语，Whatwouldhappenifthe...才是一个整体，做全句的宾语从句。类似的表达还有doyouthink等。句意：你猜想看看，如果主管知道你那样想之后会发生什么事。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Althoughsports（

）thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsaroutine.

问题1选项

A.overwhelmed

B.affected

C.dominated

D.influenced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。overwhelm淹没，压垮；affected影响；dominate控制，在…中占主要地位；influenced影响。句意：尽管运动对家庭有决定性影响，Joe认为当体育运动扰乱了家庭传统与日常生活时，应该拒绝运动。由although可推知前后性质相反，后半句提到了“interferedwith…干扰…”是属于不利的一面，故前半句应为好的一面。故C项正确。

5.单选题

Theauthoritiesarediscouragingnew（

）whowanttoenterthecountryastherearen’tenoughjobsforthem.

问题1选项

A.passengers

B.migrants

C.immigrants

D.emigrants

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。句意:当局正在阻止新的想进入这个国家的移民，因为这的工作岗位不够。

passenger旅客；乘客；过路人migrant移居者immigrant移民（移进来）emigrant移民；侨民（移出的）。

6.单选题

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

问题1选项

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项satiate“充分满足；使厌腻”；B选项apply“申请；涂，敷；适用”；C选项strengthen“加强；巩固”；D选项sustain“维持；支撑，承担”。句意：他们正在寻找填饱肚子的方法。此题选A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解为“填饱肚子”。

7.单选题

Thepredictabilityofourmortalityratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists.Afterall,thereisnonaturalreasonwhy2,500peopleshouldaccidentallyshootthemselveseachyearorwhy7,000shoulddrownor55,000dieintheircars.Nooneestablishesaquotaforeachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.

AfewyearsagoaCanadianpsychologistnamedGeraldWildebecameinterestedinthisphenomenon.HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedoddlystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecentury,despiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattime.Wildedevelopedanintriguingtheorycalled“riskhomeostasis”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleinstinctivelylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesafer,peoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytoreasserttheoriginallevelofdanger.If,forinstance,theyarerequiredtowearseatbelts,theywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklessly,therebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers.Otherstudieshaveshownthatwhereanintersectionismadesafer,theaccidentrateinvariablyfallstherebutrisestoacompensatinglevelelsewherealongthesamestretchofroad.Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.

Inallevents,itisbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststhatthefactorsinfluencingourlifespanarefarmoresubtleandcomplexthanhadbeenpreviouslythought.Itnowappearsthatifyouwishtolivealonglife,itisn’tsimplyamatterofadheringtocertainprecautions:eatingtherightfoods,notsmoking,drivingwithcare.Youmustalsohavetherightattitude.ScientistsattheDukeUniversityMedicalCentermadea15-yearstudyof500persons’personalitiesandfound,somewhattotheirsurprise,thatpeoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.Lookingonthebrightside,itseems,canaddyearstoyourlifespan.

1.Whatsocialscientistshavelongfeltpuzzledaboutiswhy______.

2.Inhisresearch,GeraldWildefindsthattechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandards______.

3.Accordingtothetheoryof“riskhomeostasis”,sometrafficaccidentsresultfrom_______.

4.Bysaying“...statisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers”(Para.2),theauthormeans______.

5.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetoalongerlifespan?

问题1选项

A.themortalityratecannotbepredicted

B.thedeathtollremainedstableyearafteryear

C.aquotaforeachtypeofdeathhasnotcomeintobeing

D.peoplelosttheirliveseveryyearforthisorthatreason

问题2选项

A.havehelpedsolvetheproblemofsohighdeathrate

B.haveoddlyaccountedformortalityratesinthepastcentury

C.havereducedmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeaths

D.haveachievednoeffectinbringingdownthenumberofdeaths

问题3选项

A.ourinnatedesireforrisk

B.ourfastandrecklessdriving

C.ourignoranceofseatbeltbenefits

D.ourinstinctiveinterestinspeeding

问题4选项

A.wearingseatbeltsdoesnothaveanybenefitsfromthestatisticpointofview

B.deathsfromwearingseatbeltsarethesameasthosefromnotwearingthem

C.deathsfromotherreasonscounterbalancethebenefitsofwearingseatbelts

D.wearingseatbeltsdoesnotnecessarilyreducedeathsfromtrafficaccidents

问题5选项

A.Showingadequatetrustinsteadofsuspicionofothers.

B.Eatingthefoodlowinfatanddrivingwithgreatcare.

C.Cultivatinganoptimisticpersonalityandneverlosingheart.

D.Lookingonthebrightsideanddevelopingabalancedlevelofrisk.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Thepredictabilityofourmortalityratesissomethingthathaslongpuzzledsocialscientists...Nooneestablishesaquotaforeachtypeofdeath.Itjusthappensthattheyfollowaconsistentpatternyearafteryear.（死亡率的可预测性长期以来一直困扰着社会科学家……没有人为每种死亡类型设定一个限额。他们只是年复一年地遵循着一种一成不变的模式。）”由此可知B选项“死亡人数年复一年保持稳定”说法正确。A选项“死亡率无法预测”，文章的意思为死亡人数年复一年保持稳定，所以社会科学家很难预测死亡率的变化，并不是说死亡率不可预测，所以A选项说法错误；C选项“还没有形成每种死亡类型的限额”和D选项“人们每年因为这个或那个原因而失去生命”虽然文中都有提到，但这些都是死亡人数保持稳定的原因，不是主要困扰社会科学家们的问题。因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“HenoticedthatmortalityratesforviolentandaccidentaldeathsthroughouttheWesternworldhaveremainedoddlystaticthroughoutthewholeofthecentury,despiteallthetechnologicaladvancesandincreasesinsafetystandardsthathavehappenedinthattime.（他注意到，整个世纪以来，尽管在这段时间里发生了所有的技术进步和安全标准提高，西方世界的暴力和意外死亡死亡率一直保持着奇怪的稳定。）”，由此可知技术进步和安全标准的提高并未降低各种原因的死亡人数，所以D选项“没有达到降低死亡人数的效果”说法正确。A选项“帮助解决了高死亡率的问题”、B选项“在过去的一个世纪中对死亡率的解释很奇怪”以及C选项“减少了暴力和意外死亡的死亡率”都不符合文章事实，因此D选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothistheory,peopleinstinctivelylivewithacertainlevelofrisk.Whensomethingismadesafer,peoplewillgetaroundthemeasureinsomewaytoreasserttheoriginallevelofdanger...Itappears,then,thatwehaveaninnateneedfordanger.（根据这一理论，人们本能地生活在一定程度的风险中。当某物变得更安全时，人们会以某种方式绕过该措施，重新确认原来的危险水平……这样看来，我们对危险有一种天生的需求。）”，由此可知A选项“我们天生的冒险欲望”说法正确。B选项“我们的快速和鲁莽驾驶”；C选项“我们对安全带好处的无知”；D选项“我们对超速的本能兴趣”文章虽然都有提到，但那些都并不是体内风险平衡理论主要阐述的导致交通事故的根本原因，因此A选项正确。

4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“If,forinstance,theyarerequiredtowearseatbelts,theywillfeelsaferandthuswilldrivealittlefasterandalittlemorerecklessly,therebystatisticallycancelingoutthebenefitsthattheseatbeltconfers.（例如，如果他们被要求系上安全带，他们会感到更安全，因此会开车更快一点，更鲁莽一点，从而从统计学上抵消了安全带带来的好处。）”，由此可知从统计学的角度说，开快车开鲁莽车导致的死亡人数的增加抵消了系保险带引起的死亡人数减少的好处，所以C选项“其他原因造成的死亡抵消了系安全带的好处”符合题意。A选项“从统计的角度来看，系安全带没有任何好处”和B选项“系安全带和不系安全带造成的死亡是一样的”以及D选项“系上安全带不一定能减少交通事故的死亡人数”都不是作者想要表达的意思。因此C选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段“peoplewithasuspiciousormistrustfulnaturedieprematurelyfarmoreoftenthanpeoplewithasunnydisposition.（性格多疑的人比性格开朗的人更容易过早死亡）”可知A选项“对他人表现出足够的信任而不是怀疑”说法错误，文章提到的是要保持性格开朗，C选项“培养乐观的性格，永不气馁”正确；根据最后一段“itisn’tsimplyamatterofadheringtocertainprecautions:eatingtherightfoods,notsmoking,drivingwithcare.（这不仅仅是坚持某些预防措施的问题：吃正确的食物，不吸烟，小心驾驶。）”可知B选项“吃低脂肪的食物，小心驾驶”说法错误，正确的食物不等于低脂肪的食物；根据文章最后一句话“Lookingonthebrightside,itseems,canaddyearstoyourlifespan.（往好的方面看，它似乎可以延长你的寿命。）”可知D选项“看到光明的一面，发展一个平衡的风险水平”说法错误，后半句文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethe______shadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.

问题1选项

A.disclosed

B.created

C.disguised

D.distinguished

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项disclosed“揭露的”；B选项created“创造的”；C选项disguised“伪装的”；D选项distinguished“辨别的”。句意：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧……后的预示。A选项disclosed（揭露的）不符合题意，可排除。B选项created（创造的）不符合题意，可排除。C选项正确。

9.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。Deteriorated“恶化”；dispersed“散开，驱散”；dissipated“驱散，消散”；drained“使流干”。句意：四年后，对于同一份工作，他的热情最终逐渐消失了。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Manyofyouyoungpersonsoutthereareseriouslythinkingaboutgoingtocollege.(Thatis,ofcourse,alie.Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.Trustme:thesearecloselyrelatedtocollege).Collegeisbasicallyabunchofroomswhereyousitforroughlytwothousandhoursandtrytomemorizethings.Thetwothousandhoursarespreadoutoverfouryears;youspendtherestofthetimesleepingandtryingtogetdates.

Basically,youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege:

Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).Theseincludehowtomakecollecttelephonecallsandgetbeerandcrepe-paperstainsoutofyourpajamas.

Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).Thesearethethingsyoulearninclasseswhosenamesendin-ology,-osophy,-istry,-ics,andsoon.Theideaisyoumemorizethesethings,thenwritethemdowninlittleexambooks,thenforgetthem.Ifyoufailtoforgetthem,youbecomeaprofessorandhavetostayincollegefortherestofyourlife.

It’sverydifficulttoforgeteverything.Forexample,whenIwasincollege,Ihadtomemorize—don’taskmewhy—thenamesofthemetaphysicalpoetsotherthanJohnDonne.Ihavemanagedtoforgetoneofthem,butIstillrememberthattheothertwowerenamedVaughanandCrashaw.

Sometimes,whenI’mtryingtoremembersomethingimportant,likewhethermywifetoldmetogettunapackedinoilortunapackedinwater,VaughanandCrashawjustpopupinmymind,rightthereinthesupermarket.It’saterriblewasteofbraincells.

Afteryou’vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you’resupposedtochooseamajor,whichisthesubjectyouintendtomemorizeandforgetthemostthingsabout.Hereisaveryimportantpieceofadvice:besuretochooseamajorthatdoesnotinvolveKnownFactsandRightAnswers.

Thismeansthatyoumustnotmajorinmathematics,physics,biologyorchemistry,becausethesesubjectsinvolveactualfacts.If,forexample,youmajorinmathematics,you’regoingtowanderintoclassonedayandtheprofessorwillsay:“Definethecosineintegerofthequadrantoftherhomboidbinaryaxis,andextrapolateyourresulttofivesignificantvertices.’’Ifyoudon’tcomeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry:ifyouwriteinyourexambookthatcarbonandhydrogencombinetoformoak,yourprofessorwillflunkyou.Hewantsyoutocomeupwiththesameanswerheandalltheotherchemistshaveagreedon.Scientistsareextremelysnottyaboutthis.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatarecloselyrelatedtocollege?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldthecollegestudentslearnincollege?

3.Whenshouldthecollegestudentschooseamajor?

4.Theword“flunk”inthelastparagraphmeans_____.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Thinkingandstudy.

B.Shoppingandmusic.

C.Musicandsex.

D.Sleepingandthinking.

问题2选项

A.Howtomemorizethingsandtogetdates.

B.Thethingsyouwillneedandnotneedtoknowinlaterlife.

C.Howtoforgeteverythingandtowritepoets.

D.Howtoenhancememoryandstudyability.

问题3选项

A.Themomenttheygotocollege.

B.Aftertheyhavebeenincollegefornearlytwoyears.

C.Aftertheyhavebeenincollegeforayearorso.

D.Whentheybecomeasenior.

问题4选项

A.float

B.fail

C.ridicule

D.dupe

问题5选项

A.TheMythofCollege

B.WhatCanYouLearninCollege

C.HowtoEnjoyYourCollegeLife

D.TheImportanceofCollege

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Theonlythingsyouyoungpersonsthinkseriouslyaboutareloudmusicandsex.”，可知作者提出年轻人唯一认真考虑的事情是吵闹的音乐和性。所以这两件事与大学密切相关。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“youlearntwokindsofthingsincollege”，第三段第一句，“Thingsyouneedtoknowlaterinlife(twohours).”，以及第四段第一句，“Thingsyouwillnotneedtoknowinlaterlife(1,998hours).”，可知大学生需要做学习的两件事就是：需要知道的事和不需要知道的事。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第七段第一句，“Afteryou’vebeenincollegeforayearorso,you’resupposedtochooseamajor…”，可知，上大学一年左后，应该选一个专业。选项C符合题意。

4.语义题。“…comeupwithexactlytheanswertheprofessorhasinmind,youfail.Thesameistrueofchemistry…yourprofessorwillflunkyou.”，列举了两件类似事情，根据前一句的failure可知，如果你不能在教科书里写出碳氢结合形成橡树，你的教授同样会让你不及格，所以flunk也是失败的意思。选项B符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段作者介绍了大学里密不可分的事情是音乐和性，第二三四段介绍了在大学中你必须学到了两件事，所以B和C选项是文章内容的一部分，不够全面，选项B、C可排除。选项D中大学的重要性文章没有提及，可排除。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

ItisinterestingtoreflectforamomentuponthedifferencesintheareasofmoralfeelingandstandardsinthepeoplesofJapanandtheUnitedStates.TheAmericansdividetheseareassomewhatrigidlyintospiritandflesh,thetwobeinginoppositioninthelifeofahumanbeing.Ideally,spiritshouldprevailbutalltoooftenitisthefleshthatdoesprevail.TheJapanesemakenosuchdivision,atleastbetweenoneasgoodandtheotherasevil.Theybelievethatapersonhastwosouls,eachnecessary.Oneisthe"gentle"soul,theotheristhe"rough"soul.Sometimesthepersonuseshisgentlesoul,sometimeshemustusehisroughsoul.Hedoesnotfavorhisgentlesoul,neitherdoeshefighthisroughsoul.Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.Happyendings,eitherinlifeorinfiction,areneithernecessarynorexpected,sincethefulfillmentofdutyprovidesthesatisfyingend,whateverthetragedyitinflicts.Anddutyincludesaperson'sobligationstothosewhohaveconferredbenefitsuponhimandtohimselfasanindividualofhonor.Hedevelopsthroughthisdoublesenseofdutyaself-disciplinewhichisatoncepermissiveandrigid,dependingupontheareainwhichitisfunctioning.

Theprocessofacquiringthisself-disciplinebeginsinchildhood.Indeed,onemaysayitbeginsatbirth—howearlytheJapanesechildisgivenhisownidentity!IfIweretodefineinawordtheattitudeoftheJapanesetowardtheirchildrenIwouldputitinonesuccinctword.Love?Yes,abundanceoflove,warmlyexpressedfrom.themomentheisputtohismother'sbreast.Foramotherthisnursingofherchildisimportantpsychologically.

Rewardsarefrequent,abitofcandybestowedattherightmoment,aninexpensivetoy.Astimecomestoenterschool,however,disciplinebecomesfirmer.Tobringshametothefamilyisthegreatestshameforthechild.

WhatisthesecretoftheJapaneseteachingofself-discipline?Itlies,Ithink,inthefactthattheaimofallteachingistheestablishmentofhabit.Rulesarerepeatedoverandover,andcontinuallypracticeduntilobediencebecomesinstinctive.Thisrepetitionisenhancedbytheexpectationoftheelders.Theyexpectachildtoobeyandtolearnthroughobedience.Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.

Now,farawayfromthatwarmJapanesehome,IreflectuponwhatIlearnedthere.What,Iwonder,willtaketheplaceofthewebofloveanddisciplinewhichforsomanycenturieshassurroundedthelifeandthinkingofthepeopleofJapan?

1.AccordingtoJapanesebeliefachildisborn（）.

2.ThetrainingoftheJapanesechildcanbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Intheteachingofself-disciplinetheJapaneseemphasize（）.

4.TheJapaneseideaofvirtueis（）.

5.TotheJapanese,theaimofexistenceis（）.

问题1选项

A.basicallygood

B.amoral,neithergoodnorevil

C.withtwosoulswhichareincombatwithoneanother

D.insin

问题2选项

A.asystemofrewardsandpunishments

B.frequentdiscipliningwhichbecomesmoreinexorablysevereasthechildgrowsolder

C.benevolentandindulgentduringtheearlyyears,butsomewhatmoresevereasthechildgrowsolder

D.almostentirelypsychological

问题3选项

A.dutytoone'sfamilyandrelations

B.earlytoilettrainingcombinedwithrestrictivemovement

C.heavyexternalcontrolincludingbothverbalandphysicalpunishment

D.apermissiveatmospherealmostuntilpuberty

问题4选项

A.sublimatingthe"rough"soultopermitascendancyofthe"gentle"soul

B.fulfillingone'sobligationstoothers

C.doinggoodandavoidingevil

D.beingfriendlyandcourteoustoallpeople

问题5选项

A.thepursuitofhappiness

B.rewardintheafterlife

C.ahappyendingtoone'sactivities

D.fulfillingone'sduty

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段“Humannatureinitselfisgood,Japanesephilosophersinsist,andahumanbeingdoesnotneedtofightanypartofhimself.Hehasonlytolearnhowtouseeachsoulproperlyattheappropriatetimes.”日本哲学家坚持认为,人性本身是好的,一个人不需要与自己的任何一部分作斗争。他只需要学习如何在适当的时候恰当地使用每一个灵魂。所以选项A符合原文。

2.根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Thedemandisgentleatfirstandtemperedtothechild'stenderage.Itisnolessgentleastimegoeson,butcertainlyitisincreasinglyinexorable.”这种要求一开始是温和的,根据孩子们幼小的年龄而进行调整,随着时间的推移这种要求就不那么温和了,可以肯定的说是越来越无情了。选项C符合原文。

3.本题与上一题意思相近,这种要求一开始是温和的,根据孩子们幼小的年龄而进行调整,随着时间的推移这种要求就不那么温和了,可以肯定的说是越来越无情了。选项D符合原文。

4.根据第一段中提到的“VirtuefortheJapaneseconsistsinfulfillingone'sobligationstoothers.”可知选项B符合原文。

5.根据第一段的后半部分的内容可知,对于日本人来说,存在的目的就是履行职责。所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovinglivingstandardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,”theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（）

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（）

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（）

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（）

问题1选项

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

问题2选项

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

问题3选项

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.arepersecuted.

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

问题4选项

A.Hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

问题5选项

A.lawenforcement.

B.knowledge.

C.nonviolence.

D.moppinguptheviolentmess.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法，我们仍然没有认识到，暴力永远不能解决问题，而是使问题更加尖锐。第二段阐述了真正有理智的人在宣扬法制，却遭到轻视和迫害，作者认为真正的解决方案不是暴力，而是法制。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，而暴力制造了它假装要解决的罪恶。整篇文章都在阐述不能依靠暴力手段解决歧视问题。因此B选项“暴力无助于消除种族偏见”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“提倡暴力”，C选项“双方的重要人物都认为暴力是合法的解决方案”，D选项“人类的本能渴望暴力”，因为文章是不宣扬暴力的，所以A，C，D都不适合作为标题。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Recordedhistory”可以定位到文章第一段倒数第四句“Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.”（整个有记录的人类历史，那冗长乏味的暴力记录，没有教会我们任何东西。），说明人类历史上的暴力记录没有教会我们任何东西。因此B选项“什么也没有”正确。A选项“暴力永远解决不了任何问题”和C选项“流血事件毫无意义”，文中说我们还没有认识到暴力不能解决问题、流血和痛苦毫无意义，所以历史上的暴力记录并没有教会我们这两点，A，C错误。D选项“一切”和nothing是相反的，所以D错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“reasonablemen”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.（真正理智的人知道解决办法在哪里，却发现越来越难得到倾听。他们被鄙视，不信任，甚至被他们的同类迫害，因为他们提倡诸如执法这样明显无法容忍的事情。），说明理智的人倡导法制，却遭到了许多困难。因此D选项“在提倡执法方面遭到困难。”正确。A选项“不被听见”，B选项“被轻视”，C选项“受到迫害”都只是遇到困难的某一个方面，本质上是因为他们提倡执法，所以A，B，C错误。

4.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段中It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.（这很像一个著名律师的故事，他煞费苦心地向法官解释他的案子。听了他的长篇辩论，法官抱怨说他并没有因此而变得聪明些。），说明“Hewasnonethewiser”在这里的意思是他听了之后什么也没有得到。因此C选项“听后无所得。”符合题意。A选项“他根本不明智，听不进去”，B选项“他以前一点也不明智”，D选项“他对这场争论毫无意义”都不能表示他听后什么也没有得到的意思，所以A，B，D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.（只要我们在法律框架内工作，真正和持久的解决办法总是可能的。），说明作者认为解决种族歧视的最好方法是法制。因此A选项“法制”正确。B选项“知识”，C选项“非暴力”，D选项“清理暴力的混乱”并不是作者认为解决问题的最好方法，所以B，C，D错误。

13.单选题

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

问题1选项

A.flushing

B.blushing

C.brushing

D.crushing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项flush“发红，脸红，（用水）冲洗净，冲洗”；B选项blush“（因尴尬或害羞）脸红，（因某事）羞愧，尴尬”；C选项brush“（用刷子）刷净，刷亮”；D选项brush“压坏，压碎”。由Thewastepipeisblocked（污水管塞住了）可知A选项符合语义，表示用水冲洗。句意：污水管塞住了，试着用热水冲洗，或者叫水管工来做。

14.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtomake（

）fortheelderlypeopleinahousingprogram.

问题1选项

A.provision

B.admittance

C.assistance

D.condition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。provision“准备，规定，条款”；admittance“进入，入场权，通道”；assistance“帮助，援助”；condition“条件，情况，环境”。makeprovisionfor“为将来需要、困难做准备”。句意：当地政府计划在住房项目上给老年人提供帮助。A项符合题意。

15.单选题

ThiscrisiswilltestthePrimeMinister’smettle.

问题1选项

A.plan

B.judgment

C.stamina

D.knowledge

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项plan“计划，平面图”；B选项judgment“判断，裁判，判决书，辨别力”；C选项stamina“耐力，持久力，毅力”；D选项knowledge“知识，学问，知道，认识，学科”。句意：这场危机将考验首相的勇气。Mettle“勇气，气质，耐力”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe___oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.observation观察；监视B.investigation调查；调查研究

C.inspection视察；检查D.examination考试；检查

【考查点】形近词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意，在他们第一年教师实习中，学生经常去学校参加培训。培训的内容就是观察老师如何上课。因此A选项observation“观察”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项investigation多指（正式的）调查，侦查;科学研究;学术研究；

C选项inspection多指工厂、学校的检查；

D选项examination多指考试测试。

【句意】在他们的第一个教师培训年，学生们经常去当地学校观察课程。

17.单选题

Themayorwasaskedto（

）hisspeechinordertoallowtheaudiencetoraisequestions.

问题1选项

A.constrain

B.conduct

C.condense

D.converge

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。constrain意为“强制，限制”；conduct意为“组织”；condense意为“精简，压缩（文字、信息等）”；converge意为“汇集，聚集”。

句意：市长被要求压缩他的演讲，以便让听众可以提问。

18.单选题

Inordertoexplainthesocioeconomicachievement,inthefaceofdisadvantagesduetoracialdiscriminationofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantstotheUnitedStatesandtheirdescendants,sociologistshavetypicallyappliedeitherculturallybasedorstructurallybasedtheories—butneverbothtogether.Touseaneconomicmetaphor,culturallybasedexplanationsasserttheimportanceofthesupplysideofthelabormarket,emphasizingthequalitiesimmigrantgroupsbringwiththemforcompetitionintheUnitedStateslabormarket.Suchexplanationsreflectahuman-capitalperspectiveinwhichstatusattainmentisseenasaresultofindividuals’abilitytogenerateresources.Structurallybasedexplanations,ontheotherhand,examinethemarketconditionoftheimmigrants’hostsociety,particularlyitsdiscriminatorypracticesandtheirimpactonthestatusattainmentprocessofimmigrantgroups.Intheeconomicmetaphor,structuralexplanationsasserttheimportanceofthedemandsideofthelabormarket.

InordertounderstandthesocioeconomicmobilityofChineseandJapaneseimmigrantsandtheirdescendants,onlyananalysisofsupply-sideanddemand-sidefactorstogether,inthecontextofhistoricalevents,wills