考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学博达学院考试押题卷含答案详解3VIP

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林师范大学博达学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Intoday’scompetitivejobmarket,people,especiallyyoungmenarerequiredtobeaggressiveandindustrious.

问题1选项

A.invasive

B.belligerent

C.progressive

D.enterprising

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项invasive“侵入的”；B选项belligerent“好战的”；C选项progressive“进步的”；D选项enterprising“有进取心的”。句意：在当今竞争激烈的就业市场上，人们，尤其是年轻人需要有进取心和勤奋。划线部分aggressive是有进取心的意思。因此D选项正确。

2.翻译题

中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。

【答案】Practicallyasthemostattractivemarketintheworld,Chinahasdrawntheattentionofworldwideentrepreneurswhoseacuteinsightledtowealthybenefitsfromtheirinvestment.IbelievethattherewillbemoreopportunitiesforforeignpeopletotakepartintheinvestmentinChinainthewakeofitsWTOentryandexpandtheirspaceforfurtherdevelopment.TheseactivitieswillcertainlyserveasthebridgelinkingtogethertheentrepreneursaroundtheworldandtheirtargetChinesemarketinthehopeofpromotingmutualdevelopmentandprosperityforChineseandtheworldeconomy.

3.单选题

I_______myexcitementabouttheupcomingholiday.

问题1选项

A.crush

B.subdue

C.conquer

D.tranquilize

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。crush“压碎，镇压”；subdue“压制，征服”；conquer“征服”；tranquilize“使镇静，使安静”。句意：我压制住我对即将到来的假期的兴奋。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Some4,000privateimporters,exportersandwholesalerswerenationalizedand（

）intoahugegovernmentmonopoly,theStateTradingCorp.

问题1选项

A.incorporated

B.inclined

C.resigned

D.resorted

【答案】A

【解析】incorporateinto并入；其他选项都不与into搭配,而是一般与to搭配。句意:约4,000家私营进出口商和批发商被收归国有,并被并入一家大型的政府垄断企业——国有贸易公司。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness（andtime）,itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Thetestwashard.2）Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedatdifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and“difficult”,whatisit?Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,“difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable（voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh）,while“difficult”ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,“hard”ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea“onthego”orsimplyto“getitout”asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,“hard”maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,“Howwasyourday?”Conversely,“difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.

Similarto“hard”and“difficult”,thewords“weird”and“strange”tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1）Seamonkeysareweird.2）Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile“weird”and“strange”bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.Similarto“hard”,“weird”conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something“weird”iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn’twanttobecategorizedamongthe“weird”.Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas“strange”,itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something“strange”issimplyabnormal,orunusual——adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween“weird”and“strange”issopronouncethatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:“Yourmother’scookiestasteweird”comparedto“Yourmotherscookiestastestrange”.Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother’scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflourperhaps.

Finally,let’slookatthesynonyms,“happy”and“glad”.Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1）Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2）Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyes,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conveysasenseofrelieforcontentment.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently,astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttousthespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionarythetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues——isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,difference.

1.Asusedinparagraph1，whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingdescribessomeonewhoisutilitarian?

3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassagerepresentsafact,ratherthananopinion?

4.Theauthorwrites:“Tobegin,“hard”ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,‘difficult’’iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor’stonecanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.Mildcuriosity.

B.Wryskepticismof.

C.Passionateindignation.

D.Excessiveconcern.

问题2选项

A.Withoutfail,Edgarrisesatdaybreak,catstwoeggsforbreakfast,drinksaglassoforangejuice,lacesuphisbootsandheadsoutintothefield.

B.Inhopesofimpressingtheirclassmates,moststudentsweartheirnewwinterjacketstotheplay,Alyosha,however,knowsitwillbewarminthetheaterandthereforeleaveshisjacketathome.

C.Nikkosparkshiscarsothatothercarscannotgetout.Uponreturningtohiscar,awomaniswaitingthereonhimtomove.Shelooksupset.Hetellsherit’snothisproblem,getsinhiscaranddrivesoff.

D.Amytakestimetolookniceinthemorning.Shebrushesherhair,putsonlightmakeup,andpicksouttheclothesshewillwearfortheday.

问题3选项

A.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.

B.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.

C.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething“weird”.

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

问题4选项

A.Onomatopoeia.

B.Hyperbole.

C.Personification.

D.Metaphor.

问题5选项

A.conscientious

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.belligerent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段第四句“mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.”，大多数人缺乏一丝不苟的学究精神，对这种小事吹毛求疵。由此可知scrupulouspedanticalness表示过分的关注，意思与excessiveconcern相近。因此D选项正确。

第2题:2.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature”，这是一个功利性的词，能完成工作，但不能为其唐突、粗鲁的行为道歉。选项A“埃德加必须得在黎明时分起床，他拿了两个鸡蛋当早餐，喝了一杯橘子汁，用带子系紧靴子，然后朝田野走去”。选项B“为了给同学留下深刻印象，大多数学生都穿着新的冬季夹克去看戏。然而，阿约沙知道剧院里会很暖和，所以他把夹克留在家里”。选项D“艾米为了早晨看起来气色不错，精心打扮着：梳头、化了淡妆、穿上她特意为这一时刻准备的衣服”。选项A、B、D均与原文不符。因此C选项正确。

第3题:3.判断推理题。题干的意思是问“下列哪一个句子陈述的是事实，而非观点？”由题干关键词定位到文章后五段。选项A“使用者假定两个词之间不存在差异时，可以任意地使用其中一个或另一个。”选项B“一想到‘快乐’的人，脑海中就会浮现出一个明亮的眼睛、红润的笑脸”。选项C“没有人愿意和‘奇怪’的事情联系在一起”。选项A、B、C均与题意不符。因此D选项正确。

第4题:4.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段。题干问“以下哪一种文学手法在题干所引用的句子中被使用？”选项A“拟声。”选项B“夸张”。选项C“拟人”。选项D“暗喻”。选项A、B、C均与题意不符。因此D选项正确。

第5题:5.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences”，通过以上的例子和见解，人们可能会逐渐认识到这些细微但至关重要的差异。由此可知，关于近义词的普遍理解方式，作者需要认真谨慎的描述。选项A“认真的，尽责的”。选项B“高傲的，自大的”。选项C“可怜的”。选项D“好战的”。选项B、C、D均与题意不符，因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Ittookhimseveralmonthsto______thewildhorse.

问题1选项

A.tend

B.cultivate

C.tame

D.breed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tend“趋向，倾向”，B项cultivate“培养”，C项tame“驯服”，D项breed“使动物繁殖，培养”。根据关键词wildhorse“野马”可知，C选项符合语境。句意：驯服那匹野马花了他几个月的时间。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Insomecasesthemothermayalsobelimitedintermsof______abilityandemotionalcapacity.

问题1选项

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项intelligent“智能的，聪明的”，B项intellectual“智力的”，C项intelligible“可理解的，明了的”，D项intangible“无形的，触摸不到的”。根据关键词emotionalcapacity（情感能力）推测，空格部分是与之对应的“智力”，B项符合。句意：在某些情况下，母亲的智力和情感能力也可能受到限制。因此，该题选择B项正确。

8.单选题

Thepolicehaddifficultyin_____thefansfromrushingontothestagetotakephotoswiththesinger.

问题1选项

A.limiting

B.restraining

C.confining

D.restricting

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。limit限制，限定；restrain抑制，控制，制止；confine限制，禁闭；restrict限制，约束，限定。Restrict一般指限制某物的大小、数量等；limit一般指空间、时间或数量的极限；confine侧重于不可逾越的限制，比如束缚、囚禁。restrain指阻止,抑制,通常与from搭配,指阻止某人做某事。句意：警察很难阻止歌迷们冲上台与歌手合影。所以选项B更符合本句语境。

9.单选题

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（）tohisincome.

问题1选项

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项incomparisonto“与，与……相比，与……比较而言”；B选项inproportionto“与……成比例的；与……相称的”，反义词词组是outofproportion；C选项association“协会，联合，联想”，没有inassociationto这个说法；D选项calculation“计算，估计，计算的结果，深思熟虑”，也没有incalculationto这个说法，句意：他在度假和奢侈品上的开支与他的收入比起来相当高。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

问题1选项

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析题。根据句意‘一些人把生活看作是正义力量与恶势力之间的一种外部冲突。’可知是将生活看作是一种外部冲突。A选项external“外部的，外部”;B选项internal“内部的”；C选项maternal“母性的”；D选项eternal“永恒的”。A选项正确。

11.单选题

Mencommitmotoringoffencesaswomen,accordingtotheHomeOfficefigures.

问题1选项

A.ninetimesof

B.asninetimes

C.ninetimesthatof

D.ninetimeasmany

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法知识。对比选项可知本题考查倍数。与times相关的倍数表达方式为：AisNtimes(形容词比较级)thanB。因此D选项符合题意。

12.不定项选择题

MotorolaInc.,theworld’ssecond-largestmobilephonemake,willbeginsellingallofthetechnologyneededtobuildabasicmobilephonetooutsidemanufacturers,inakeychangeofstrategy.Theinventorofthecellphone,whichhasbeentroubledbymisstepscompoundedbyarecentindustryslumpinsales,istryingtobecomeaneutralproviderofmobiletechnologytorivals,withaneyetowardfosteringamuchlargermarketthanitcouldcreateitself.TheChicagoarea-basedcompany,consideredtohavethewidestrangeoftechnologiesneededtobuildaphone,saiditplannedtomakeavailablechips,adesignlayoutforthecomputerboard,software,developmenttoolsandtestingtools.Motorolahaspreviouslysuppliedmobilephonemanufacturerswithacoupleofitschips,butthisisthefirsttimethecompanywillofferitsentirelineofchipsaswellasadetailedblueprint.Mobilephonescontainavarietyofchipsandcomponentstocontrolpower,soundandamplification.AnalystssaidtheylikedthenewstrategybutwerecautiousaboutwhetherMotorola’smobilephonecompetitorswouldwanttobuythetechnologyfromarival.

Thecompany,longknownforitstop-notch（等级）engineeringculture,ishopingtoprofititsmobilephonetechnologynowthatthebasictechnologytobuildamobilephonehaslargelybecomeacommodity.Motorolasaiditwillbeginofferingthetechnologybasedonthenext-generationGPRS(GlobalPacketRadioService)standardbecausemostmobilephonemakersalreadyhavetechnologyinplaceforcurrentdigitalphones.GPRSoffersfasteraccesstodatathrough“alwayson”networkconnections,andcustomersarechargedonlyfortheinformationtheyretrieve,ratherthanthelengthofdownload.

BurgesssaidthenewbusinesswillnotconflictwithMotorola’sownmobilephonebusinessbecausethelatterwillremaincompetitivebyofferingadvancedfeaturesanddesigns.Motorola’sphoneshavebeencriticizedasbeingtoocomplicatedandexpensivetomanufacture,butBurgesssaidMotorolawillsimplifythetechnologyinthephonesbyathird.Inadditiontobasictechnology,Burgesssaid,MotorolawouldalsoofferadditionalfeaturessuchasBluetooth,atechnologythatallowswirelesscommunicationsatashortdistance,andGlobalPositioningSystem,whichtrackstheuser’swhereabouts,andMP3audiocapability.

41.Theword“slump”inthefirstparagraphmaybereplacedby（）.

42.Accordingtothispassage,MotorolaInc.（）.

43.Analystsdon’tthinkthat（）.

44.ThetechnologysuppliedbyMotorolaisbasedon（）.

45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.slouch

B.decline

C.increase

D.stamp

问题2选项

A.istheworld’slargestmobilephonemaker

B.istryingtobecomeamobiletechnologyproviderbesidesbeingamobilephonemaker

C.willonlysellchipsofthemobilephones

D.isgoingtosellallitsmanufacturingplants

问题3选项

A.Motorolawillbesuccessful

B.thetechnologyofferedbyMotorolawillbeselectedbyitscompetitors

C.itscompetitorswillwanttobuythetechnologyfromit

D.itsmobilephonescontainavarietyofchips

问题4选项

A.Bluetoothfeatures

B.MP3audiocapability

C.GlobalPositioningSystem

D.GPRSstandard

问题5选项

A.GPRSoffersfasteraccesstodatathroughnetworkconnections,socustomersshouldpaymore.

B.MotorolaInc.istheinventorofthecellphone.

C.PreviouslyMotorolaonlysuppliedmobilephonemanufacturerswithsomeofitschips.

D.MotorolaInc.isknownforitshigh-classengineeringculture.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】41.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】词义辨析题。Slump“消沉、衰退、（物价）暴跌”，A选项slouch“懒散”；B选项decline“下降，衰落，消沉”；C选项increase“上涨，增加”，所以slump可以用B代替。

42.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到第一段第四句istryingtobecomeaneutralproviderofmobiletechnologytorivals（试图成为竞争对手移动技术的中立供应商）以及最后一段第一句BurgesssaidthenewbusinesswillnotconflictwithMotorola’sownmobilephonebusiness（伯吉斯表示，新业务不会与摩托罗拉自己的手机业务发生冲突），所以B项“正在努力成为一个移动技术提供商以外的移动电话制造商”正确。A选项定位到第一段开头Motorola,theworld’ssecond-largestmobilephonemake（摩托罗拉是世界第二大移动电话生产商），所以A项“最大的生产商”错误；从第一段倒数第四行butthisisthefirsttimethecompanywillofferitsentirelineofchipsaswellasadetailedblueprint.（但这是该公司首次提供完整的芯片系列以及详细的蓝图）可知C选项“只卖手机芯片”错误；D选项“将出售所有的制造厂”文中并没有提及，所以排除。

43.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。题目：分析学家认为不……。第一段最后一句AnalystssaidtheylikedthenewstrategybutwerecautiousaboutwhetherMotorola’smobilephonecompetitorswouldwanttobuythetechnologyfromarival（分析家说他们喜欢这一策略，但是对于竞争者是否会愿意从竞争对手手中购买技术这一问题持谨慎态度），C项“竞争者们想要从摩托罗拉购买这项技术”，符合题意。A项“摩托罗拉会成功的”；B项“摩托罗拉提供的技术将由竞争对手选择”；D项“它的手机里有各种各样的芯片”都不符合题干。

44.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。从第二段第二句话Motorolasaiditwillbeginofferingthetechnologybasedonthenext-generationGPRS(GlobalPacketRadioService)standard（摩托罗拉表示，将开始提供基于下一代GPRS（全球分组无线业务）标准的技术）可知D选项“GPRS标准”正确。A项“蓝牙功能”；B项“MP3音频功能”；C项“全球定位系统”文中均没有提及。

45.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。从第二段最后一句GPRSoffersfasteraccesstodatathroughalwaysonnetworkconnections,andcustomersarechargedonlyfortheinformationtheyretrieve，ratherthanthelengthofdownload.（GPRS通过网络连接提供了更快的数据访问速度，客户只需按他们检索的信息收费，而不是下载的长度）可知顾客的付费应该是少了，而不是多了，所以A项“GPRS通过网络连接提供更快的数据访问，因此客户应该支付更多的费用”错误，符合题意；从第一段第二句开头Theinventorofthecellphone（手机的发明者）可知B项“摩托罗拉公司是手机的发明者”正确；从第一段倒数第六行Motorolahaspreviouslysuppliedmobilephonemanufacturerswithacoupleofitschips（摩托罗拉此前曾向手机制造商提供过几款芯片）可知C项“摩托罗拉过去只向手机制造商提供部分产品它的芯片”正确；从第二段开头Thecompany,longknownforitstop-notchengineeringculture（这家公司长期以来以一流的工程文化而闻名）可知D项“摩托罗拉公司以其一流的工程文化而闻名”正确。

13.单选题

Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomake______forelderlypeopleintheirhousingprograms.

问题1选项

A.preparation

B.requirement

C.specification

D.provision

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。preparation“准备”，强调为必然发生的事情做准备；requirement“要求；必需品”；specification“规格；说明书”；provision“规定；准备”，强调预先准备，事情只是可能会发生。句意：当地政府意识到有必要在住房计划中为老年人预先采取措施。因此D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

UKandChinahassomethingsimilarintheircompulsoryeducationsystem.Firstly,bothinUKandChina,“mostchildrenreceivefreeeducationalfinancefrompublicfunds,butsmallportionsattendschoolswhollyindependentofpublicfinancialsupport.’’Secondly,bothofthetwocountrieshavelawstoensurecompulsoryeducation.Thirdly,thetwocountrieshavethesamecurriculums.Forexample,accordingtoZhuYongtaoandWangLili,foreignlanguagesaretaughtasanintegralpartofthecurriculum,reflectingtheimportanceofBritish’srelationshipwithEuropeandChina’srelationshipwithEnglishspeakingcountries.Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.Fifthly,therearesomeimportantexamsforstudentsincompulsoryeducationsystemsinChinaandUK.InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.InChina,exceptforanexamforthesixthgradegraduatesinprimaryschool,thereisahighschoolentranceexaminationforJunior3students.

TherearelotsofdifferencesbetweenChinaandUKincompulsoryeducation.Itcanbedividedintofiveparts.

Firstly,theaimofeducationintheUKandChinaisnotquitesimilarwitheachother.AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto“developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole”.AndinChina,“it’stoleteveryoneaccepteducation,haveknowledgeandskillstomakelife.”

Secondly,theyearofcompulsoryeducationisdifferentbetweenthetwocountries.InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.

Thirdly,thescheduleofcompulsoryeducationinthetwocountriesisdifferent.AccordingtoWikipediaandSuiMingcai,Britishcompulsoryeducationcanbedividedintotwostages:primaryschoolsandsecondaryschools.Thestateschoolingwasfreeandcompulsoryuptothelegalschool-leavingage.WhileinChina,compulsoryeducationconsistsofprimaryschoolsandmiddleschools.

TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.Britishschooldayinmoststatesandindependentschools(exceptforinfantandjuniorschool)usuallystartsat8:45a.m.andendsat3:30p.m.InChina,everyschooldayismadeupoftwoperiodswhichare7:30a.m.to12:00a.m.,2:30p.m.to5:30p.m.Studentscangohomeforlunch.ItshowsthatChinesestudentsusuallyspendmoretimeatschool.

Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）.

2.InwhatwaydoesUKeducateitspeople?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.acomparisonstudyonfreeeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

B.acomparisonstudyoncompulsoryeducationsystembetweenChinaandUK

C.acomparisonstudyonfinancialsystembetweenChinaandUK

D.acomparisonstudyonculturebetweenChinaandUK

问题2选项

A.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiestoservethecountrywholly.

B.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesfully.

C.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheabilitiesonlyforthebenefitofthesociety.

D.UKintendstoeducateitspeopletheindividualabilitiesaswellastheabilitiesforthebenefitofthesociety.

问题3选项

A.ChildreninNorthernIrelandstartthecompulsoryeducationatanearlierage.

B.StudentsinUKspend16yearsforthecompulsoryeducation.

C.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationinChinais14years.

D.ThelengthoftheyearsforthecompulsoryeducationbothinUKandChinaisthesame.

问题4选项

A.TermsoftheschoolyearinUKdonotincludewinter.

B.StudentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.

C.StudentsinUKtaketwomainexaminationsnormallywhentheyare15and19yearsoldinthecompulsoryeducation.

D.StudentsinChinaspendmoretimeinschoolscomparedwithstudentsinUK.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国和英国教育的异同之处。因此B选项“关于中国和英国的义务教育体系的对比研究”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中“AccordingtoSuiMingcai,Britisheducationaimsto‘developindividualabilitiestothefullandtoshapethoseabilitiesforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole’”，中文翻译为：按照SuiMingcai的说法，整体来看，英国教育的目标是充分发展个人能力和塑造这些能力以造福社会。可以得知D选项“英国旨在培养人民的个人能力以及造福社会的能力”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由选项中关键词定位到文章“InUK,theagetobeginschoolis5(4inNorthernIreland),andthecompulsoryeducationendsat16,whereasinChinathecompulsoryeducationstartsfrom6andendsat14,whichisanine-yearcompulsoryeducation.”，中文翻译为：在英国，5岁开始上学（在北爱尔兰是4岁），16岁义务教育结束；而在中国义务教育开始于6结束于14岁，实行的是九年制义务教育。可以得知A选项“北爱尔兰的孩子在更早的年龄开始义务教育”符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“TheschoolyearinUKisdividedintothreeterms(autumn,springandsummer),whiletwoparts(spring,autumn)inChina.”，中文翻译为：英国的学年分为三期（秋、春、夏）；而中国是两个学期（春和秋），可知A选项“英国的学年不包括冬天”正确；由B选项可以定位到文章中“Fourthly,studentsinChinaandUKbothspend6yearsfinishingprimaryeducation.”，中文翻译为：第四，中国和英国的学生都要6年完成初等教育。可知B选项“中国和英国的学生都花6年时间完成基础教育”正确；由C选项可以定位到文章中“InUK,therearetwomainexaminations.TheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)isusuallytakenby16-year-oldchildren.TheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCEAlevel),isnormallytakenattheendofthesecondyearby19-year-oldstudents.”，中文翻译为：英国有两次重要的考试。普通中等教育证（GCSE）考试通常是16岁的孩子参加。普通高级教育证书（GCEA）考试通常是在第二年年底由19岁的学生参加。可知C选项“英国的学生在义务教育阶段，一般是在15岁和19岁的时候参加两次主要的考试”错误；根据原文“Inaddition,inBritain,aschool-agechildcanreceivecompulsoryeducationathomeoratatutor’splaceorsomeotherforms,whileinChina,compulsoryeducationmeansschooleducation.”，中文翻译为：此外，在英国，学龄儿童可以在家里或导师那里或以其他形式接受义务教育，而在中国，义务教育意味着学校教育。可以得知D选项“与英国学生相比，中国学生在学校的时间更长”是正确的。故C选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Simulationswithlargenumbersofinteractingagentsshowthattheybehaveinwaysthatareoftenunpredictable;thepropertiesofsuchsystemsaresaidto“emerge”fromthebehavioroftheconnectedcompaniesandindividuals.

问题1选项

A.stimuli

B.duplications

C.systems

D.assumptions

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.stimuli刺激物B.duplications复制；复印

C.systems系统D.assumptions假定；假设

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】simulation的意思是“模拟”，即模仿另外一个事物，B项词义与之相近，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】有大量交互主体的模拟表明，它们的行为方式通常是不可预测的；这些系统的特性被认为是由相互关联的公司和个人的行为“产生”的。

16.单选题

Thisbook,______onlyappearedayearago,hasalreadygonethroughseveraleditions.

问题1选项

A.that

B.which

C.when

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。根据这个句子可知主谓结构完整，所以空格部分为定语从句；因为主语books后面有逗号，所以这是一个非限制性定语从句且先行词为物，故排除A、D选项；C项when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，不符合先行词books；故只有B项正确。句意：这本书一年前才面市，就已经修订好几次了。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

Inplanningforthehealthneedsoftheseimmigrantfamilies,FrancescaWeissman,ahealthcarepractitioner,askedtwoquestions:(1)“Whatarethemosturgentneedsofthispopulation?”and