初中英语现在完成时课件(共62张PPT)

现在完成时

ThePresentPerfectTense

现在完成时的基本结构

have/has+动词过去分词（has用于第三人称单数）过去分词的变化：

(1)规则变化构成规则原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形末尾加-ed

workplay

workedplayed

workedplayed结尾是e的动词加-d

hopelive

hopedlived

hopedlived末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed

stoptrip

stoppedtripped

stoppedtripped结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“

i”再加-ed

studyworry

studiedworried

studiedworried不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词

巧记规律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eatenAAAcost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-sethit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurt原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词)ABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eaten

write-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)写出下列动词的过去分词形式.wake______ 2.teach______3.sell________ 4.see________5.ride_______ 6.pay_____7.choose______ 8.throw_____9.think_______ 10.eat_____11.drive______ 12.catch______13.bring______ 14.break______15.give_______ 16.get_________17.know_______ 18.open_______19.write_______ 20.forget________wokentaughtsoldseenriddenpaidchosenthrownthoughteaten

drivencaughtbroughtbrokengivengot\gottenknownopenedwrittenforgotten第一人称第二人称第三人称肯定句(主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词。)Ihavewrittenanarticle.Wehavewrittenanarticle.Youhavewrittenanarticle.Youhavewrittenanarticle.He/She/Ithaswrittenanarticle.Theyhavewrittenanarticle.否定句(主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词。)Ihaven’twrittenanarticle.Wehaven’twrittenanarticle.Youhaven’twrittenanarticle.Youhaven’twrittenanarticle.He/She/Ithasn’twrittenanarticle.Theyhaven’twrittenanarticle.一般疑问句(助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?)Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Haveyouwrittenanarticle?Hashe/she/itwrittenanarticle?Havetheywrittenanarticle?特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词？)Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathaveyoudone?Whathashe/she/itdone?Whathavetheydone?现在完成时的基本句型：（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)

Ihaveseenhimsincehisweddingday.

→Ihaven’tseenhimsincehisweddingday.→Haveyouseenhimsincehisweddingday?→Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.HehaswrittentomesinceIhavebeenill.(改否定句和一般疑问句)

→Hashewrittentoyousinceyouhavebeenill?→

Hehasn’twrittentomesinceIhavebeenillYes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.现在完成时的基本用法(一)表示在说话之前就已经完成的动作或存在的状态。它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。常用的时间状语有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelightalready.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别1.already在现在完成时中的用法

肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”

I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.=I’vehadbreakfastalready.(表示强调)Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?注:

有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Shehasalreadybeenlate.（现在完成时）Shewasalreadylate.（一般过去时）2.yet在现在完成时中的用法

否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,

already要变成yet放在句末。

Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.否定句:一般疑问句:Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?

3.ever在现在完成时中的用法

肯定句/疑问句

:句中“曾经”

I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句中“从来没有”I’veneverbeentoBeijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Hehasevermadedumplings.否定句:一般疑：Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermadedumplings.5.just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中,表示“刚刚”I’vejusthadbreakfast.

Whathavetheyjustdone?6.

before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末,表示“以前”

I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?

(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。现在完成时的基本用法IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)1.for

+Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.时间段2.since

+从句(一般过去时)

词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+从句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:6.ShehasknownSam______nineyears.(for,never,since)7.Theyhave______arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Haveyou_____riddenahorse?(ever,for,yet)9.ShehasknownFred______theywereatprimaryschool.(already,just,since)10.Wehavenotcompletedtheproject_____.(already,for,yet)

for

just

ever

since

yet注1):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?注2):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用.

(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.

(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince瞬间动词与延续性动词瞬间动词与时间段的关系

瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段的状语连用，常见的瞬间动词有：go/come/arrive/leave/begin/borrow/buy/die/fall/stop/start/kill/close/graduate/join/finish/lose等。

TheyhaveleftShanghai.

Youcanborrowthebookfor2weeks.(X)

若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语,我们可用相应的延续性动词来代替瞬间动词。

Youcankeepthebookfor2weeks.

但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。E.g.：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。

Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。瞬间动词与延续动词间的转换5.短暂动词和延续动词转换瞬间性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatchacoldbecomeinterestedingetmarriedhavekeepbeherebeaway(from)beopen/beclosedbeonbeoverbedeadhaveacoldbeinterestedinbemarried瞬间性动词延续性动词putongetupwakeupfallasleepjoinarrive/reachwearbeupbeawakebeasleepbein=beamemberofbein/at练习判断：他到达车站半个小时了Hehasarrivedatthestationforhalfanhour()Hehasbeenatthestationforhalfanhour.HearrivedatthestationhalfanhouragoHe_______theclubsincetwoyearsago.JoinedB.hasjoinedC.hasbeenin翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了——------------------------------------------------------------Thefilmhasbeenonforfifteenminutes.XC改错1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeenhave/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin的用法区别havebeento意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。常与just、ever、never连用。TheyhavebeentoBeijing.(去过北京，现在人在衡阳)havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。TheyhavegonetoBeijing.(现在在北京或去北京的途中)havebeenin

意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。TheyhavebeeninBeijingfortwoyears.(在北京呆了两年)用have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto填空1.—Hi，Lucy，

youever

Beijing？

—No，I

.2.—Whataboutyoursister，Lucy？

—Oh，she

Chengdu，

shewillcomebacknextweek.—Ok，thanks.—You’rewelcome.havebeentohaven’thasgoneto用Havebeento,havegoneto,

havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用。

一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。HehaslivedinBeijingsince1999.自1999年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）HelivedinBejingin1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）Itis+一段时间

+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+haspassed

+since+句子(一般过去时)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。

HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”

“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强调说明。

当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:eg:

Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.

但since(自…以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg：

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.

Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间等;

eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）1.--______you_________yourpen?(mend)--Yes,I_______.--When_______you_______it?--I__________ityesterday.2.--Howdoyoulikethefilm?--I____________(notsee)suchamovingfilmbefore.3.Millie’ssister_______(join)theclublastweek.Soshe_________(be)intheclubfornearlyoneweek.

Have

mended

have

did

mend

mended

haven’tseen

joined

hasbeen4.Myfather__________(give)up________(smoke).Hedoesn’t_________(smoke)now.5.TheGreenfamily_____________(notcome)backyetfromthecinema.They______(go)toseeafilmonehourago.6.You________________(notvisit)yoursonforalongtime.

hasgiven

smoking

smoke

haven’tcome

went

haven’tvisitedTranslation1.他昨天去北京了。2.他去北京两天了。HewenttoBeijingyesterday.（现在是否住在北京不知道）HehasbeeninBeijingfortwodays.（说明他现在仍然在北京。）Practice单项选择He______working.A.havejuststartedB.hasjuststartC.hasjuststars D.hasjuststarted2._____you_____yoursuitcaseyet?Do,packB.Did,packC.Have,packD.Have,packed3.I______myroomalready.havetidiedB.hadtidiedC.havetidiedD.willtidy4.There____severalmeetingsduringthepastfewdays.A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.willbeD.are5.I_____myplaneticket,butIcan’tfindit.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.haveboughtD.havebuyed6.---WhathasDenisdone?---He____overavase.hasknockedB.hadknockedC.knockedD.isknocking7.Everythingisallright;nothing_____.ishappenedB.washappenedC.willbehappenedD.hashappened8.Theycan’tbuyacomputerbecausethey_____alltheirmoney.arespendingB.havespentC.spendD.willspend1.去年我去了苏州。WewenttoSuzhoulastyear.2.我每天早上7：00起床。Igetupat7:00everyday.3.下个星期我要去看望我的老师。Iamgoingtovisitmyteachernextweek.4.看！那边有个女孩在哭。Look!Thegirliscryingoverthere.5.汤姆去过北京2次了。TomhasbeentoBeijingtwice.6.他住在那儿已经有十年了。Hehaslivedtherefortenyear.练习自从我来到这正好两天ItisjusttwodayssinceIcamehereTwodayshaspassedsinceIcamehereIt___________(be)tenyearssinceI_________(finish)middleschool.

is\hasbeenfinished动词填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.