考研考博-英语-北京农学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京农学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______，soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

问题1选项

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。exotic“奇异的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“极好的，华丽的”；luminous“发光的，发亮的”；spectacular“壮观的，惊人的”。句意：我手边上的指针会发光，所以我能在黑暗中看清时间。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

ThedecisiontocallitquitsbyMr.Grimm,ofStatenIsland―perhapsbestknownforthreateningtobreakareporterinhalfand（）aCapitolHillbalcony—cameafteraconversationonMondaywiththeHousespeaker,JohnA.Boehner,whichasourceclosetothespeakerconfirmed.

问题1选项

A.throwhimoff

B.throwinghiminto

C.throwinghimselfoff

D.throwhimselfinto

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据空格前的tobreak可判断，空格应该填动词圆形，和break构成并列成分，选项B和C可排除。固定搭配throwoff“扔开，抛开”，接宾语用宾格形式，所以用him，句意：斯塔顿岛的格林姆先生-或许是因为威胁将一名记者将他劈成两半后从国会山的阳台扔下而最出名。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Everyoneshouldbefreetoenjoytherightsandfreedoms______intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidinto

C.laiddown

D.laidoff

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.laidout展示；安排B.laidinto痛打；痛斥

C.laiddown放下；制定D.laidoff解雇；休息

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息therightsandfreedoms（权利和自由）和theUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights（《世界人权宣言》）可知，《世界人权宣言》规定了人们享有的权利和自由，空格处表示“制定，规定”符合句意，故该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】人人都应享有《世界人权宣言》规定的权利和自由。

4.单选题

Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetween

thetwocountries.

问题1选项

A.tumble

B.jeopardize

C.manipulate

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】句意：贸易限制方面存在的意见分歧会严重（）两国的关系。A选项tumble跌倒；B选项jeopardize危害；C选项manipulate操纵；D选项intimidate恐吓，B选项jeopardize符合句意。

5.写作题

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答：

1.no改为not

2.place改为land

3.started改为start

4.working改为work

5.Anyone改为Everyone

6.but去掉

7.before改为after

8.But改为And

9.it改为they

10.housethe中间加入as

【解析】1.【解题思路】no是形容词，后面要跟名词，sweet是形容词，所以要用副词not修饰，故把no改为not。

2.【解题思路】该句意思是“是找一块地，为家人盖一所房子”，而place表示“地方”，指某个位置或地点，不和apieceof（一块）搭配，所以要把place改为land。

3.【解题思路】started和前面的find与build都是并列动词，放在不定式to的后面，所以started要用原形start。

4.【解题思路】working和前面的live是并列动词，live用的原形，所以working同样要用动词原形work。

5.【解题思路】Anyone多用于否定句或疑问句中，此处是肯定句，所以要把Anyone改为Everyone。

6.【解题思路】这一句的句首用了although表示让步，那么后面不需要再用but表示转折，英语中although和but不能出现在同一个句子中，所以把but去掉。

7.【解题思路】根据关键信息WhenU.Ssoldierscamehome（当美国士兵回国时）可知，这是发生在二战之后，而不是之前，所以要把before改为after。

8.【解题思路】But表示前后句意是转折关系，前文说“美国士兵回国时梦想着买房子，组建家庭”，后文说“住宅建设出现了巨大的繁荣”，前后文明显是递进关系，所以要把but改为and。

9.【解题思路】it指代的是前面提到的Thenewhouses（新房子），是复数，所以it也要改为表示复数的代词they。

10.【解题思路】regard…as是固定搭配，表示“把……看作是”，所以要在house后面加上介词as。

6.单选题

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust"mentalnoise"therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainisoff-line"Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofZingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright'sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon'talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday'sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream,visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”.CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings,sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams

（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavehaddreams?

问题1选项

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

问题2选项

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

问题3选项

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind.

B.developintohappydreams.

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight.

问题4选项

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontroll

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

问题5选项

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.（一位权威人士说，这些强大的精神事件不仅可以被利用，而且实际上可以在有意识的控制下，帮助我们睡眠和感觉更好）"it'syourdream"saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter."Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.可知选A。

第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中thelimbicsystem(the"emotionalbrain")isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortexisrelativelyquiet,"Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday"可知边缘系统（“情感大脑”）特别活跃，梦里的感觉会影响一天的情绪，因此选C，作者是为了说明梦与情绪的关系。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.（大多数人在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，在快醒来之前，会逐渐做一些更开心的梦，这意味着他们在克服白天产生的负面情绪）因此选D。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.（而该过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为人们练习有意识地控制反复出现的恶梦）可知D选项“做梦可能并不完全属于无意识”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingof"wewakeupinapanic”可知只要梦不使我们无法入睡或从梦中惊醒，就几乎没有理由关注我们做的梦，因此对有时做梦的人来说，像以往正常的生活就行，故选A。

7.单选题

Theresultmeansthatthe______worldchampionhasextendedhisleadinthisseason’schampionship.

问题1选项

A.tramping

B.loitering

C.reigning

D.strolling

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项tramping为动词tramp的现在分词，表示“踩，步行”，B项loitering为动词loiter的现在分词，表示“闲荡，虚度，盘旋”，C项reigning为形容词，表示“统治的，在位的，本届的”，D项strolling为形容词，表示“巡回演出的，消闲散步的”。空格处缺少一个定语修饰worldchampion“世界冠军”，由此可知，四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意：这一结果意味着这位卫冕世界冠军在本赛季的锦标赛中扩大了领先优势。因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets______theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.

问题1选项

A.furnish

B.induce

C.facilitate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项furnish“布置家具，提供”；B选项induce“引诱”；C选项facilitate“促进，促使，使便利”；D选项allocate“分配，分派”。根据automaticdoors可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：超市的自动门方便购物车顾客进出。

9.单选题

Toour（）,Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.

问题1选项

A.relief

B.view

C.anxiety

D.judgment

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。后半句说:Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared,即杰弗里的病没有我们担心的那么严重。因此推测前面应该是“我们松了一口气”。toourrelief为固定搭配,表示“松了一口气”。

10.填空题

Sedona,locatedinArizona’shighdesert,isfamousforits________beautifulred-sandstoneformations.(startle)

【答案】startlingly

【解析】【考查点】副词。

【解题思路】横线处修饰形容词beautiful，所以应该用副词，startlingly意思为“惊人地”，在这里强调美丽的程度，符合语境。

【句意】塞多纳位于美国亚利桑那州的高沙漠地带，以美丽的红砂岩而闻名。

11.单选题

HereinourUniversity,moreandmorestudentsareoptingforcomputersciencecourses.

问题1选项

A.opposingto

B.choosing

C.neglecting

D.withdrawingfrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。Optfor表示“选择”；A项opposeto“反对”，B项choose“选择”，C项neglect“忽视”，D项withdrawfrom“退出，离开”。句意：在我们大学，越来越多的学生选择了计算机科学课程。因此B项正确。

12.单选题

TherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain.Butoneofthemost（1）heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladderevenifitmeans（2）thepavementintoabusystreet!（3）youmustpassunderaladderyoucan（4）badluckbycrossingyourfingersand（5）themcrosseduntilyouhaveseenadog.（6）,youmaylickyourfingerand（7）acrossonthetoeofyourshoe,andnotlookagainattheshoeuntilthe（8）hasdried.

Anothercommon（9）isthatitisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse—itwilleitherbring（10）tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole（11）.Anyoneopeninganumbrellainfineweatheris（12）,asitinevitablybringsrain!

Thenumber13issaidtobeunluckyforsomeandwhenthe13thdayofthemonth（13）onaFriday,anyonewishingtoavoidabedeventhadbetterstay（14）.Theworstmisfortunethatearnhappentoapersoniscausedbybreakingaminor,

（15）itbeingssevenyearsofbedluck.Thesuperstitionissupposedto（16）inancienttimes,whenminorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods.

BlackcatsaregenerallyconsideredluckyinBritain,eventhoughtheyare（17）witchcraft.Itis（18）luckyifablackcatcrossedyourpathalthoughinAmericatheexactoppositebeliefprevails.

Finally,acommonheldsuperstitionisthatoftouchingwood（19）luck.Thismeasureismostoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsomethingthatistemptingfate,suchas“mycarhasnever（20）,touchwood?”

问题1选项

A.broadly

B.widely

C.quickly

D.speedily

问题2选项

A.runningfrom

B.jumpingoff

C.steppingoff

D.keepingfrom

问题3选项

A.If

B.As

C.Though

D.Unless

问题4选项

A.erase

B.remove

C.avoid

D.ease

问题5选项

A.keep

B.keeping

C.kept

D.tokeep

问题6选项

A.Consequently

B.However

C.Comparatively

D.Alternatively

问题7选项

A.make

B.print

C.perform

D.produce

问题8选项

A.label

B.symbol

C.mark

D.cut

问题9选项

A.argument

B.superstition

C.opinion

D.idea

问题10选项

A.loss

B.difficultly

C.tragedy

D.misfortune

问题11选项

A.house

B.household

C.home

D.circle

问题12选项

A.unwise

B.unintelligent

C.unpopular

D.unfortunate

问题13选项

A.falls

B.arrives

C.drops

D.happens

问题14选项

A.away

B.outdoors

C.indoors

D.far

问题15选项

A.when

B.as

C.if

D.though

问题16选项

A.haveoriginated

B.beoriginating

C.beoriginated

D.originate

问题17选项

A.concernedabout

B.relatedwith

C.associatedwith

D.connectedin

问题18选项

A.especially

B.specially

C.frequently

D.rarely

问题19选项

A.as

B.for

C.in

D.of

问题20选项

A.brokenup

B.brokenoff

C.brokenaway

D.brokendown

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】第1题:考查副词辨析。broadly意为“宽广地”，指幅度范围的宽广；widely意为“广泛地”；quickly意为“迅速地”；speedily意为“快速的”。由句意“英国有很多迷信的说法，其中最……流传的是在梯子下走过会带来厄运”可知B选项最为恰当。

第2题:考查动词辨析。runfrom意为“逃避”；jumpoff意为“跳下”；stepoff意为“离开”；keepfrom意为“隐瞒，阻止”。此处表示离开人行道走进繁忙的街道。

第3题:考查上下文语义。由前面可知在梯子下走会带来厄运，此处表示假设发生了这样的情况，因此填if。

第4题:考查上下文语义。由前面的“如果发生了在梯子下走的情况”可知此处表示通过某种方式可以避免厄运，因此填avoid（避开，避免）。

第5题:考查动词形式。前文的“by”为介词，介词后接动名词形式，与前面的crossing保持一致。

第6题:考查上下文语义。consequently意为“所以，因此”；however意为“然而”；comparatively

意为“对比地”；alternatively意为“或者”。前面已提出了一种避免厄运的方法，此处表示另外一种方法，因此选D。

第7题:考查固定搭配。makeacross意为“画一个十字”。

第8题:考查名词辨析。label意为“标签”；symbol意为“象征，符号”，一般是指象征意义性的标志；mark意为“标记”，一般指眼睛看到的事物留下的印迹。此处指的是画在鞋上的cross，因此选C。

第9题:考查上下文语义。前面提到了英国有很多迷信，举了一个最流传的例子，此处表示另一种迷信，因此选B。

第10题:考查上下文语义。由前面的itisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse可知与unlucky相近词为misfortune（不幸，厄运）。

第11题:考查上下文语义。由or可知此处与前面的tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole___表示并列关系，与theperson相对应的为household（一家人，全家人），因此选B。

第12题:考查上下文语义。由后面的asitinevitablybringsrain（因为它不可避免地会带来雨水）可推测在晴天打雨伞是不好的、不受欢迎的，因此填unpopular（不受欢迎的）。

第13题:考查固定搭配。fallon意为“适逢（某日），正当（某日）”；happenon意为“巧遇，偶然发现”，主语一般指人，因此选A。

第14题:考查上下文语义。stayaway意为“离开，缺席”；stayoutdoors意为“待在户外”；stayindoors意为“待在家里，不外出”；stayfar意为“离远点”。由前面的anyonewishingtoavoidabedeventhadbetterstay___（想要避免倒霉的人最好……）可知C选项最恰当。

第15题:考查连词辨析。此处为两个并列的句子，需要连词连接，前句内容为“最大的厄运是打碎镜子引起的”，后句内容为“这会带来七年的厄运”，后句是前句的原因，因此填as（因为，由于）。

第16题:考查时态。由后面的whenminorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods可知时间发生在过去，可知这个迷信始于过去，对现在仍有影响，因此用现在完成时（have+过去分词），选A。

第17题:考查固定搭配。表示“与……与关”的搭配有：beconcernedwith、berelatedto、beconnectedwith、beassociatedwith，因此选C。

第18题:考查上下文语义。由前面的内容可知黑猫在英国被视为幸运的动物，那么有一只黑猫从你面前穿过则是幸运的，此处表示幸运的程度，因此用副词especially（特别，非常）修饰。

第19题:考查介词辨析。for表示目的，意为“为了”，此处表示触摸木头寻求好运，因此选B。

第20题:考查动词辨析。breakup意为“分手，结束”；breakoff意为“断开，突然中止”；breakaway意为“逃离，挣脱”；breakdown意为“（机器或车辆）出毛病，损坏”。此处表示我的车从来没发生过故障，因此选D。

13.单选题

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethatthey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeanCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束白勺)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.'*Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe“successful.,inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right’’clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall.yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line8-9,Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

问题2选项

A.themorediligentoneis.thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

问题3选项

A.succeedinrealestateinvestment

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychances

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoor

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins

问题4选项

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswithtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

问题5选项

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statessymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Crevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.克雷夫柯高度赞扬在这片新土地上所能找到的自由和机会。可知D项“人们可以充分享受个人自由”正确。

2.语义题。由Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的进步同步”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。可知一个人的回报与其付出成正比，付出越多，回报越大。故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales。霍雷肖•阿尔杰(HoratioAlger)是一位为小男孩写小说的作家，他的白手起家的故事成为美国最畅销的作家。可知Horatio是凭借自己的劳动从白手起家到成功致富的人。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.成功的神话甚至已经侵入了我们的人际关系:今天，在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事业中取得成功一样重要。”可知美国人追求生活各方面的成功。故B项正确。

5.细节事实题。Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。由此可知美国文化当中的矛盾就是一方面追求平等，另一方面却希望将自己与别人区分开来，美国人追求的与其信仰冲突，故D项正确。

14.单选题

Manymanufacturerswereaccusedofconcentratingtooheavilyoncostreduction,oftenatthe______ofthequalityoftheirproducts.

问题1选项

A.expense

B.exposure

C.expansion

D.expectation

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof“以……为代价”。句意：很多生产商被指控过于集中在降低成本，而以产品质量为代价。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords’failuretoadjusttoarapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords’control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastle-townshadactedasastimulustotrade.Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.Onceindebt,neithertheindividualsamurainortheshogunhimselffounditeasytorecover.

Itwasdifficultforindividualsamuraioverlordstoincreasetheirincomebecausetheamountofricethatfarmerscouldbemadetopayintaxeswasnotunlimited,andsincetheincomeofJapan’scentralgovernmentconsistedinpartoftaxescollectedbytheshogunfromhishugedomain,thegovernmenttoowasconstrained.Therefore,theTokugawashogunsbegantolooktoothersourcesforrevenue.Cashprofitsfromgovernment-ownedmineswerealreadyonthedeclinebecausethemosteasilyworkeddepositsofsilverandgoldhadbeenexhausted,althoughdebasementofthecoinagehadcompensatedfortheloss.Openingupnewfarmlandwasapossibility,butmostofwhatwassuitablehadalreadybeenexploitedandfurtherreclamationwastechnicallyunfeasible.Directtaxationofthesamuraithemselveswouldbepoliticallydangerous.Thislefttheshogunsonlycommerceasapotentialsourceofgovernmentincome.

Mostofthecountry’swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitswayintothehandsofcitymerchants.Itappearedreasonablethattheyshouldcontributepartofthatrevenuetoeasetheshogun’sburdenoffinancingthestate.Ameansofobtainingsuchrevenuewassoonfoundbylevyingforcedloans,knownasgoyo-kin;althoughthesewerenottaxesinthestrictsense,sincetheywereirregularintimingandarbitraryinamount,theywerehighinyield.Unfortunately,theypushedupprices.Thus,regrettably,theTokugawashoguns，searchforsolvencyforthegovernmentmadeitincreasinglydifficultforindividualJapanesewholivedonfixedstipendstomakeendsmeet.

31.Thepassageismostprobablyanexcerptfrom（）.

32.WhichofthefollowingfinancialsituationsismostanalogoustothefinancialsituationinwhichJapan’sTokugawashogunsfoundthemselvesintheeighteenthcentury?

33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardthesamuraidiscussedinSentence5,Paragraph1?

34.Thepassagesuggeststhat,ineighteenth-centuryJapan,theofficeoftaxcollector（）.

35.ThepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwastheprimaryreasonwhytheTokugawashogunsturnedtocitymerchantsforhelpinfinancingthestate?

问题1选项

A.aneconomichistoryofJapan

B.thememoirsofasamuraiwarrior

C.amodernnovelabouteighteenth-centuryJapan

D.anessaycontrastingJapanesefeudalismwithitsWesterncounterpart

问题2选项

A.Asmallbusinessborrowsheavilytoinvestinnewequipment,butisabletopayoffitsdebtearlywhenitisawardedalucrativegovernmentcontract.

B.Firedestroysasmallbusiness,butinsurancecoversthecostofrebuilding.

C.Asmallbusinessisturneddownforaloanatalocalbankbecausetheownershavenocredithistory.

D.Asmallbusinesshastostruggletomeetoperatingexpenseswhenitsprofitsdecrease.

问题3选项

A.Warmlyapproving.

B.Mildlysympathetic.

C.Bitterlydisappointed.

D.Harshlydisdainful.

问题4选项

A.wasasourceofpersonalprofittotheofficeholder

B.wasregardedwithderisionbymanyJapanese

C.remainedwithinfamilies

D.existedonlyincastle-towns

问题5选项

A.Aseriesofcostlywarshaddepletedthenationaltreasury.

B.Mostofthecountry’swealthappearedtobeincitymerchants’hands.

C.Japanhadsufferedaseriesofeconomicreversalsduetonaturaldisasterssuchasfloods.

D.Themerchantswerealreadyheavilyindebtedtotheshoguns.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】31.推理题。题干中的excerpt一词的意思为“摘录”。浏览全文后发现本文主题句为第一段第一句。Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.（在18世纪，日本的封建领主，从幕府将军到最卑微的武士，都发现自己处于财政压力之下。）从而得出本题答案。

32.

细节类比题。文章第一段第5-7句。Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.给出了18世纪的financialsituations有三方面的原因：samurai（武士）问题，收入增加跟不上支出的增加和灾难。根据题干中关键词Tokugawa定位到文章第二、第三段。从而得出本题答案。

33.

观点态度题。根据题干，将信息点定位到第一段第五句。Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.（由于多年的和平生活使大多数武士变得懒惰，他们被鼓励从事学术和军事训练，或从事不需要多少时间的行政工作，因此他们的品味和习惯变得昂贵也就不足为奇了。）根据第五句句子后半部分的“itisnotsurprising...”表明作者的态度是略带同情的正向评价。从而得出本题答案。

34.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词taxcollector，将信息点定位到文章第一段第七句。“Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-brokerswhohandleditsfinances.（尽管领主收入的减少几乎和他们生活水平的提高一样多的是由于他们的税务人员的疏忽（世袭官职的几乎不可避免的结果），但一场火灾或洪水这样的灾难，带来的开支的增加或收入的下降，可能会使处理财政的城市大米经纪人欠下一笔债务）”从而得出本题答案。

35.

事实推理题。根据题干中的关键词citymerchants，将信息点定位到文章最后一段第一句。Mostofthecountry’swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitswayintothehandsofcitymerchants.（这个国家的大部分财富，或者说看起来，正在流入城市商人的手中。）从而得出本题答案。

16.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefer