考研考博-英语-内蒙古工业大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古工业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Maryonce___withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

问题1选项

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.merged（尤指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失B.collaborated合作

C.coincided一致；符合；同时发生D.constituted组成；构成

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格后有with表示和……一起，表伴随。根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。

2.单选题

Notuntiltheyclimbedtothetopofthehill（

）whattheyhadbeentold.

问题1选项

A.thattheybelieved

B.didtheybelieve

C.whentheybelieved

D.thentheybelieved

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。notuntil位于句首时，句子要倒装。notuntil+从句，助动词+主语+谓语动词原形+剩余成分；空格部分所在的句子中，需要将did助动词提前，句意为：直到他们爬上山顶，他们才相信别人所说的。故正确答案选B。

3.单选题

Tomwarnedhisfriendthathewould（）thelawifhestole.

问题1选项

A.abideby

B.fallafoulof

C.doawaywith

D.laydown

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析题。abideby遵守；fellafoulof与...相抵触、冒犯；doawaywith废除；laydown制定、放下。句意：Tom警告他的朋友，如果偷窃，他将触犯法律。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Duringthepreparationofpapersforseminars,Ihadtofacetheconsciousproblemofwritingaboutasystem（）silenceandlinkssuchreticencetoideasof'respect','order',and'discipline'inanall-encompassingpaternalism.

问题1选项

A.whatIknowprefers

B.whichIknowprefers

C.thatIknowpreferring

D.inwhichIknowtoprefer

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题意，空格引导定语从句，先行词为system，由固定搭配inasystem“在系统里”，选项D符合题意。句意：在为研讨会准备论文的过程中，我不得不有意识地描写一个系统，在这个系统里面，我更愿意保持沉默，将这种沉默与“尊重”、“秩序”和“纪律”等概念联系在一起，形成了一种无所不包的家长式作风。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.

问题1选项

A.Itwasduringtheadventunder

B.Withtheadventof

C.Tofollowtheadventin

D.Upontheadventat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：随着第一次世界大战的来临，美国成为电影工业的主导力量。advent一般和介词of连用而不和under、in、at连用，B选项Withtheadventof“随着……的出现”符合语境。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Thelion'sferociousbehaviorwasattributedtoitslackofedibleflesh.

问题1选项

A.tame

B.relaxed

C.savage

D.fable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。题目中ferocious表示“残忍的；惊人的；凶残的”；A选项为“驯服的；顺从的；平淡的”；B选项为“放松的，宽松的”；C选项为“野蛮的；荒凉的；凶猛的”；D选项为“寓言，童话”，不是形容词。根据句意可知，狮子的残暴行为源于缺少食用肉。因此，正确答案是C项。

7.不定项选择题

Sometimearound621BC,alegislatornamedDracoappearedontheAtheniansceneandmadethelawsthatsubstitutedpublicjusticeforpersonalrevenge.Hislawsweresoseverethatthelegislatorhasbeenimmortalizedbytheword“draconian”.TheselawsheldforonlyaquarterofacenturyuntilSolon,whocametobecalledthefounderofAtheniandemocracy,abolishedthedeathpenaltyforeverythingbutmurder.Solonalsocarriedoutconstitutionalreformsthatsetupfreeelectionandbroughtallclasses,exceptslaves,intotheprocessofgovernment.Andsodemocracybegan.

AhundredyearslaterdemocracyandeverythingelseGreecehadbuiltupwerethreatenedbyPersia.ThefirstofPersia’sexpeditionstookplacein490BCwhenitsarmyarrivedatMarathon,nearAthens.ThiswastheeventwhereaGreeksoldierranthe27milesbacktoAthens,managedtocryout,“Wehavewon”,thencollapsedanddied.

IntheirsecondexpeditionthePersianswerematchedbythegeniusofThemistocles,anAthenianleaderwhomadehispeoplenervousbygoingoutandbuildingahugefleetratherthananarmy.However,heturnedouttoberight.ThePersianswereblastedofftheseaatthebattleofSalamis,offthecoastnearAthens.

Athens,nowanavalpower,washeadedforitsgoldenage.Itsruleratthistime,aroundthemiddleofthefifthcenturyBC,wasPericles,themostdazzlingspeaker.Hepracticeddemocracyathome.Oneofhisnot-so-smartdecisionswastorestrictAtheniancitizenshiptopeoplewhosemotherandfatherwerebothAthenians.

ItwasPericleswhobuilttheParthenon.ThiswasquiteatimeforAthens.WhilePericleswasbuildinghisParthenon,Aeschylus,SophoclesandEuripideswerewritingtheirplaysandSocratesandPlatowereteaching.

AthenswastheninvolvedinthePeloponnesianWarwithSpartaand27yearsoffightingledtoAthens’defeatin404BC.ButvictoriousSparta’sinfluencelastedonly30yearsafter,itwasthenruledbyMacedonia,akingdominthenorthofGreece.

PhilipofMacedon’sambitionwastounifyallofGreece,restoreGreekculturetoMacedon,andeliminatePersiaasalingeringthreat.Nextinlineinthethronewashisfirstwife’sson,AlexandertheGreats,whohadstudiedunderAristotle.Alexander’sdeathmarkedtheendofthegreatclassicalperiodofGreece,inliterature,philosophyandart.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“draconian”(L.3,Para.1)?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

3.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,weleanthat（）

4.SolonandPericlesshareonesimilarity,whichisthattheyboth（）

5.Thebesttitleforthistextmaybe（）

问题1选项

A.Democratic.

B.Revenge.

C.Harsh.

D.Dramatic.

问题2选项

A.UnlikeDraco,Solonfirstestablisheddeathpenaltyforthecrimeofmurder.

B.AthensmarchedtoitsgoldenageafterPersia’sfirstexpedition.

C.Periclesisfamousforhisabilityofwritingplaysandteaching.

D.PeoplemisunderstoodThemistocleswhenhebuiltnavy.

问题3选项

A.MacedoniaisthenameofamanwhocontrolledAthensafterwar.

B.PeloponnesianWaristhetransitionalpointforAthensfromprosperitytodecline.

C.GreecewassplitundertheruleofMacedonia.

D.AlexandergaveAristotleAthenscitizenshipbecauseAristotlewashisteacher.

问题4选项

A.carriedoutconstitutionalreforms.

B.excelledatgivingspeech.

C.implementedstrictlaws.

D.valueddemocracy.

问题5选项

A.TheHistoryofAthens.

B.TheWarthatSplitsAthens.

C.TheunificationofGreek.

D.Alexander,theGreatRulerofAthens.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:词义推断题。draconian的原意是“严酷”，而题干前的“Hislawsweresoseverethat”提示了我们答案，文章说他的法律太过于严厉以至于……，因此答案为C项harsh“严酷的，严厉的”。

第2题:文章大意题。我们需要根据每一个选项定位到相应的部分。A项在第一段有提示，“abolishedthedeathpenaltyforeverythingbutmurder”，可以得出Solon并不是首创，而是沿用了之前的Draco的这一法例；B项错误，是第二次，不是第一次；C项也错误，Preicles是一个演讲家，以演说出名；D项正确，“whomadehispeoplenervousbygoingoutandbuildingahugefleetratherthananarmy”以及“However,heturnedouttoberight.”这两句可以看出一开始民众确实是误解他的。

第3题:段落细节题。定位到最后两段，A项不对，Macedonia是一个希腊北部的国家，并不是人；B项并没有提及，错误；C项正确，正因为是在马其顿的统治下分裂，因此菲利普的心愿就是统一希腊；D项错误，并未提及。

第4题:细节推断题。解题关键在第一段“Solon,whocametobecalledthefounderofAtheniandemocracy”以及“Pericles,themostdazzlingspeaker.Hepracticeddemocracyathome.”可以看出他们两位都对民主很重视，答案选D。

第5题:文章标题题。从全文多处我们可以看到，文章讲述的主要就是雅典的历史，法律也好，战争也好，都是围绕雅典在叙述，因此A正确。

8.单选题

Fordecades,arms-controltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentirecity.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

HistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradioswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Theillegaltradeofsmallarmsisbig.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughtbillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

2.Theadvancedworldneglecttheproblemsofsmallarmsbecause______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthereasonfortheprevalenceofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

问题1选项

A.thenucleararms-controltalkscanneverreachanagreement

B.smallarms-controlismoreimportantthannucleararms-control

C.thepowerofnuclearweaponstokillpeoplehasbeendiminished

D.nuclearweaponswerethetopicofarms-controltalks50yearsago

问题2选项

A.theyhavetodealwithdrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorism

B.theyhavenosuchproblemsasarecausedbysmallweapons

C.theyfaceothermoreimportantproblemssuchaspollution

D.theyhavenotrecognizedtheseriousnessoftheproblemsintime

问题3选项

A.Smallarmsarecheap.

B.Smallarmsarepowerful.

C.Smallarmsareeasiertouse.

D.Smallarmsareeasiertoget.

问题4选项

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

问题5选项

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition（自1985年8月9日以来，没有一个人死于核武器。而在这一时期却有5000万人死于廉价的、大规模生产的武器和小型爆炸物），说明小型武器的滥用已经造成了比核武器还严重的后果，应该重视小型武器的控制。因此B选项“小型武器控制比核武器控制更重要”正确。A选项“核武器控制谈判不可能达成协议”，C选项“核武器的杀伤力已经减弱了”，D选项“核武器是50年前军控谈判的主题”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.（由于小型武器对发达世界的国家影响很小，毒品交易和政治恐怖盛行的地方在他们生活的圈子之外，因此富国的人们很难意识到小型武器泛滥所带来的严重性。），说明先进国家的人们没有及时地意识到小型武器问题的严重性。因此D选项“他们没有及时认识到这些问题的严重性”正确。A选项“他们要处理毒品交易和政治恐怖主义问题”，由原文可知，他们的生活圈子中没有毒品交易和政治恐怖主义，所以A错误。B选项“他们没有由小武器引起的这种问题”，C选项“他们面临其他更重要的问题，如污染”在文中没有提及，所以B,C错误。

3.客观细节题。A选项“小型武器很便宜”，由原文Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.（小型武器和轻武器很便宜。）可知，A属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除A。B选项“小型武器有威力”，由原文Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一个原因是它们是致命的。）可知，B属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除B。C选项“小武器更容易使用”，由原文Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它们也易于使用和维护。）可知，C属于小型武器盛行的原因，排除C。D选项“小型武器更容易得到”在文中没有提及，因此本题选D。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionandtosmugglegunsintheother.（通常犯罪组织利用同一渠道一个方向走私毒品另一方向走私枪支。），说明犯罪组织利用同一渠道走私毒品和枪支。因此C选项“犯罪分子利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器”正确。A选项“小型武器在黑市上并不昂贵”，原文没有说小型武器在黑市上的价格，所以A错误。B选项“用小型武器换钻石是不公平的”，原文只介绍了用钻石购买小型武器的事件，没有评价其是否公平，所以B错误。D选项“有毒品的地方就有小型武器”，原文只提到利用同一渠道走私毒品和小型武器，没有说两者必然同时存在，所以D错误。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章阐述了小型武器给社会带来的极大危害，造成了大量人民生命财产的损失。因此D选项“小武器，大问题”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“小型武器谈判，而不是核军备谈判”，B选项“对小型武器控制的忽视”，C选项“小型武器的全球交易”只是文章的一个方面，不能全面地概括文章的内容，所以A,B,C错误。

9.单选题

Idon’tknowwhatallthe（

）wasabout―itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.

问题1选项

A.controversy

B.conversation

C.discussion

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。controversy“争论，论战，辩论”；conversation“交谈，会话，社交”；discussion“讨论，议论”；illumination“阐明”。根据空格后面的dull,nosex可以推断空格处是“没什么好争论的”。选项A符合题意。

10.不定项选择题

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

问题1选项

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

问题2选项

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServiceemployedmorewildlifemanagementtechnique.

C.thenaturalprocesseswererestored.

D.ifwecontinuedtoimproveournaturalenvironment.

问题3选项

A.theadoptionofapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination.

B.theincreasednumberofNationalParks.

C.thedeceasingnumberofvisitorstoNationalParks.

D.theheavyexploitationofendangeredanimalsinthe20century.

问题4选项

A.isinsupportoftheresentpolicies.

B.appreciatesthepresentmanagementtechniques.

C.thinksthattheforcesinnatureshouldbealtered.

D.isstronglyinfavorofthenaturalprocesses.

问题5选项

A.Parkmanagersinterruptedtheforestecosystemsthroughoutthe20thcentury.

B.Flesh-eatinganimalsshouldnotbeeliminated.

C.Insectsuppressionmaycausetheforeststoover-mature.

D.Severedamagetonativevegetationintheforestiscausedbyfire.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据文章，严格的野生动物保护法和改善后的野生动物管理技术……选项A“造成了濒危动物的濒临灭绝”；选项B“干预了自然过程”；选项C“使参观国家公园变得轻松愉快充满活力”；选项D“拯救了洛基山国家公园中快要饿死的麋鹿”，根据文章第二段中“However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.然而，严格化的野生动物保护法和改良的野生动物管理技术导致大量的动物拥挤在动物密度非常大的地区，比如黄石公园的麋鹿”，根据此句可知其所带来的影响是负面的，故可以排除选项C、D；选项A所表达的意思与此句相反，故错误；所以正确答案为选项B。

第2题:细节事实题。根据作者的观点，国家公园将不会再有快要饿死的麋鹿、被破坏的草地和奄奄一息的森林……选项A“政府采用更加严格的野生动物法”；选项B“国家公园管理局采用更多野生动物管理技术”；选项C“重新恢复自然进程”；选项D“我们继续改善我们的自然环境”。根据文章第一段中“theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand‘death’byoldage.”国家公园管理局必须改变他们的管理优先级来阻止动物数量的增加和恢复自然进程，不让公园停滞不前或者随着时间死去，可知“阻止动物数量的增加”和“恢复自然进程”是两个有效的解决办法，故正确答案为选项C。

第3题:推理判断题。根据这篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的数量的激增也是由于什么造成的，选项A“采取了消除食肉动物的政策”；选项B“国家公园数量的增加”；选项C“国家公园游客的减少”；选项D“20世纪对濒危动物的过度开发”，根据第二段中“theNationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.”国家公园管理局在20世纪早期采取了消除食肉动物的政策，因此失去了对野生动物数量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉动物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的数量激增的一个原因，故正确答案为选项A。

第4题:观点态度题。根据这篇文章，我们可以推断出作者……选项A“支持现有的政策”；选项B“欣赏现有的管理技术”；选项C“认为应该改变自然的力量”；选项D“强烈支持自然进程”，作者在这篇文章中表示了对国家公园管理局采取的对国家公园的管理措施的批判，认为其干预了自然的进程，于是破坏了生态的平衡，所以作者是支持自然进程的，故正确答案为选项D。

第5题:细节事实题。根据这篇文章，以下哪个陈述是不正确的？选项A“20世纪，公园管理者干扰了森林的生态系统”；选项B“食肉动物不应该被消除”；选项C“防虫会造成森林的过熟”；选项D“森林中当地蔬菜的严重的损害是由火灾造成的”，选项A、B符合文章的中心思想，排除；根据文章第二段中“VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature…整个20世纪国家公园中严重的森林火灾和防虫造成了森林的过熟，改变了自然环境”，可知火灾和防虫造成了森林的过熟，所以选项C正确，排除；根据“elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.许多国家公园中麋鹿数量的急剧增加造成了当地蔬菜的严重破坏”，可知造成蔬菜破坏的是麋鹿数量的增加，故选项D表达错误，故正确答案为选项D。

11.单选题

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthana

freetranslation.

问题1选项

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal“照原文的，逐字的”；literary“文学的”；liberal“自由的”；linear“直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

（

）foundfour-leafcloverisconsideredaluckysign.

问题1选项

A.Itisrarely

B.Rarely

C.Therarely

D.Despiteitsbeingrarely

【答案】C

【解析】考查定冠词的用法。句意：罕见的四叶草被认为是幸运的象征。定冠词the放在单数名词前表示某一类事物。

13.单选题

Theproblemofwherewewillraisethefundsfortheschemehasnotyetbeen（）.

问题1选项

A.accessed

B.addressed

C.dealt

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。access“使用；存取；接近”；address“向……致词；从事；忙于；处理”；deal“处理”；express“表达”。句意：我们应该从何处来募集这个计划的资金这个问题还没有得到处理。deal表示处理后面要接介词with，所以选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcitesarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated，substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

36.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

37.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

38.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

39.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

40.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

问题1选项

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.TheywereaSourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

问题2选项

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

问题3选项

A.Theymayslowimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

问题4选项

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题5选项

A.howtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.howtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingthecorder

D.howtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:36.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，可知他们不会回到国会公开担心劣等种族污染美国血统的时代。可判断出美国国会早期是将移民看待为一种劣等种族。选项A符合题意。

37.作者态度题。根据文章第三段，“Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，可知随着时间的推移，意大利人、罗马尼亚人和其他所谓劣等种族的成员成为了美国人的楷模，他们为建设这个伟大的国家做出了巨大的贡献。这些新移民也能够取得同样的成功。可判断出作者认为新的移民者可以做得和他们的前辈一样好。选项B符合题意。

38.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，可知Tells担心墨西哥裔美国人可能注定要步美国黑人的后尘，大部分人可能会陷入贫穷和不好的境地。可判断出Tells认为他们可能永远贫穷，没有成就。选项D符合题意。

39.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，可知我们还应该问一些更广泛的问题，关于同化，关于如何确保人们作为外来者不会永远被边缘化。可判断出我们要帮助新的移民者就是要防止他们被边缘化。选项C符合题意。

40.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.”，可知这是一个比非法移民问题更大的问题，也比如何最好地保卫国土问题更大。这个问题不仅影响新移民，也影响已经在这里生活了的几代人。结合文章内容，可知这个问题就是如何帮助移民更好地融入美国社会。选项B符合题意。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

15.单选题

Theyearwas1959.Location:ThecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.AseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforaWestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinalesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquarter-centurylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofsample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecade,totheearly1950soreventhe1940s.

Overthepast15years,scientistshaveidentifiedatleast10subtypesoftheAIDSvirus.Buttheycouldn’ttellwhethertheywereseeingvariationsononechangeablevirusorthehandiworkofseveraldifferentvirusesthathadmadethejumpfromprimatestoman.AcloselookatthegeneticmutationsintheLeopoldvillesamplestronglysuggeststhatallitlooktolaunchtheAIDSepidemicwasoneunluckyturnofevents.

BycomparingtheDNAofthe1959viruswiththatofsamplestakenfromthe1980sand1990s,HoandhiscolleaguesconstructedaviralfamilytreeinwhichtheLeopoldvilleisolatesitsrightatthejuncturewherethreesubtypesbranchout.The39-year-oldspecimenisalsostrikinglysimilartotheothersevensubtypes.Theclearimplication:alltheviralstrainscanbetracedbacktoasingleeventoracloselyrelatedgroupofevents.OnetheoryisthatAIDSstartedthroughcontactwithinfectedmonkeysinaremoteareaandspreadtotherestofthepopulationthroughurbanizationandmassinoculations.

ThefindingsunderscorehowrapidlyHIVcanadapttoitssurroundings,makingitdevilishlydifficulttodevelopeffectivevaccines.NooneknowshowmanymoresubtypesofHIVwillsproutinthenext40years,butchancesarethattheywillbeeverybitaslethalastheonesweseetoday,ifnotmoreso.