考研考博-英语-扬州环境资源职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-扬州环境资源职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

"Theword‘protection'isnolongertaboo".Thisshortsentence,utteredbyFrenchPresidentNicolasSarkozylatelastmonth,mayhavelaunchedaneweraineconomichistory.Why?Fordecades,Westernleadershavebelievedthatloweringtradebarriersandtariffswasanaturalgood.Doingso,theyreasoned,wouldleadtogreatereconomicefficiencyandproductivity,whichinturnwouldimprovehumanwelfare.Championingfreetradethusbecameamoral,notjustaneconomic,cause.

Theseleaders,ofcourse,weren'tactingoutofunselfishness.Theyknewtheireconomieswerethemostcompetitive,sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization.AnddevelopingcountriesfearedthattheireconomieswouldbeswampedbysuperiorWesternproductivity.Today,however,thetableshaveturned—thoughfewacknowledgeit.TheWestcontinuestopreachfreetrade,butpracticesitlessandless.Asia,meanwhile,continuestopleadforspecialprotectionbutpracticesmoreandmorefreetrade.

That'swhySarkozy'swordwassoimportant:hefinallyinjectedsomehonestyintothetradedebate.ThetruthisthatlargepartsoftheWestarelosingfaithinfreetrade,thoughfewleadersadmitit.Someeconomistsaremorehonest.PaulKrugmanisoneofthefewwillingtoacknowledgethatprotectionistargumentsarereturning.Intheshortrun,therewillbewinnersandloserswillbeintheWest.EconomistsinthedevelopedworldusedtolovequotingJosephSchumpeter,whosaidthat"creativedestruction"wasanessentialpartofcapitalistgrowth.Buttheyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere.WhenWesternworkersbeganlosingjobs,suddenlytheirleadersbegantolosefaithintheirprinciples.Thingshaveyettoreversecompletely.Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.

Alittlehypocrisyisnotinitselfaseriousproblem.TherealproblemisthatWesterngovernmentscontinuetoinsistthattheyretaincontrolofthekeyglobaleconomicandfinancialinstitutionswhiledriftingawayfromgloballiberalization.Lookatwhat'shappeningattheIMF(InternationalMonetaryFund).TheEuropeanshavedemandedthattheykeepthepostofmanagingdirector.Butalltoooften,Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.

ThetimehasthereforecomefortheAsians—whoareclearlythenewwinnersintoday'sglobaleconomy—toprovidemoreintellectualleadershipinsupportingfreetrade.Sadly,theyhaveyettodoso.UnlessAsiansspeakout,however,there'sarealdangerthatAdamSmith'sprinciples,whichhavebroughtsomuchgoodtotheworld,couldgraduallydie.Andthatwouldleaveallofusworseoff,inonewayoranother.

1.Itcanbeinferredthat"protection"(Line1,Para.1)means（）

2.TheWesternleaderspreachfreetradebecause（）

3.By"thetableshaveturned"(Line3-4,Para.2)theauthorimpliesthat（）

4.TheWesterneconomistsusedtoliketheideaof"creativedestruction"becauseit（）

5.Theauthoruses"IMF"asanexampletoillustratethepointthat（）

问题1选项

A.improvingeconomicefficiency

B.endingthefree-tradepractice

C.loweringmoralstandard

D.raisingtradetariffs

问题2选项

A.itisbeneficialtotheireconomies

B.itissupportedbydevelopingcountries

C.itmakesthemkeepfaithintheirprinciples

D.itisadvocatedbyJosephSchumpeterandAdamSmith

问题3选项

A.theWesternleadershaveturnedself-centered

B.theAsianleadershavebecomeadvocatesoffreetrade

C.thedevelopedeconomieshaveturnedlesscompetitive

D.thedevelopingeconomieshavebecomemoreindependent

问题4选项

A.setalong-termratherthanshort-termgoal

B.wasanessentialpartofcapitalistdevelopment

C.entailedapositiveratherthannegativementality

D.wasmeanttobethedestructionofdevelopingeconomics

问题5选项

A.Europeanleadersarereluctanttoadmittheyarehypocritical

B.thereisaninconsistencybetweenWesterntheoryandpractice

C.globalinstitutionsarenotbeingledbytrueglobalizationadvocates

D.Europeancountries'interestsarebeingignoredbyeconomicleaders

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:信息推断题。第一段的首句提到，protection不再是一种禁忌，这将开启一个新时代，以及下文提到的几十年来，西方领导人一直认为，降低贸易壁垒和关税是一件自然的好事。他们认为，这样做将导致更大的经济效率和生产力，从而改善人类福利。根据文章可推测，下文提到的都是与protection意义相反的内容。所以这里的保护指的是提高贸易关税。选项D正确。

第2题:事实细节题。根据第二段的第二句"...sothey'dprofitmostfromliberalization"他们将从自由化中获得最大的利益。选项A符合原文。

第3题:细节推断题。根据第二段的内容，发达国家知道他们的经济是最具竞争力的，然而这一形势发生了转变，也就是说发达国家的经济竞争力有所下降。选项C正确。

第4题:事实细节题。根据第三段的"theyalwaysassumedthatdestructionwouldhappenoverthere."他们（发达国家）总是假设毁灭会发生。以及第三段的最后一句“Butthere'sclearlyanegativetrendinWesterntheoryandpractice.”但在西方的理论和实践中，显然存在着一种消极的趋势。所以西方经济学家过去喜欢引用这句话的原因是因为它意味着发展中的经济将会被毁灭，选项D符合原文。

第5题:信息推断题。根据关键词“IMF”定位到第四段，根据第四段的最后一句“Westernofficialsputtheirowninterestsaboveeveryoneelse'swhentheydominatetheseglobalinstitutions.”但当西方官员主导这些全球机构时，他们往往把自己的利益置于所有人的利益之上。所以作者以IMF为例是为了说明全球机构不是由真正的全球化倡导者领导的，选项C正确。

2.单选题

Theterm"folkcustom"isverybroad,butithasbeenusedbyfolkloriststorefertothosesharedpatternsofbehaviorsinaparticularfolkgroup.Thosepatternsofbehaviorsareregardedasthetraditionalandestablishedwaysofmembersoftheparticularfolkgroup.FolkcustomistransmittedbyWordofmouth,demonstrationorimitation.ThefolkloreandfolkcustomsofEnglandarerichandvaried.Manycustomsareancient,andpasseddowngenerationaftergenerationfromourGermanicandCelticancestors.Othersaremoremodemcreations.

Oneofthegreatestproblemsinassessingmostaccountsoffolkcustomsisthattheytendtogiveonlytheantiquary'spointofview.Afterall,tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved.Whyquestionthematlengthiftheydidn'tunderstandtheessentialnatureofwhattheyweredoing?Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas,whilepossiblyignoringorgivingonlypassingmentiontoaspectswhichmay,infact,beofequalimportance.

Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves:forinstance,whytheyindulgeinaparticularactivityataparticulartimeofyearoroftheirlivesandwhatfeelingstheyexperiencewhiledoingso.Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesateso-widespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirrorwhomustbeaware,tofullyunderstandthatscene,thathisownreflectionisamajorpartofwhatheislookingat.

Itis,however,alsotruetosaythatmanycontemporarystudentsoffolklorearcfullyawareoftheproblemswhichbesettheirenquiries.Liketruescientiststheydrawtheirconclusionsbylookingatavailableevidence,rather-thanselectingevidencewhichfitsinwithexistingtheories.Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe"obviously"ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncities,inindustryandsport,etc.Theymay,forexample,enduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganism,neverthelesshavemuchincommonwiththeolderactivitieswhichdo.

Manyfolkloristshavegraduallycometotheconclusionthatfolkloreisnotnecessarilyathingofthepast,arelicofancientandoutmodedwaysofthinking,butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworld(ortoconfrontitslackofsense)andtrytoalleviateboredomandsuffering.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageisprobably（）.

2.Theearlyaccountsoffolkcustomsareunreliablebecause（）.

3.Thereasonwhystudyingfolkloreisdifficulttodayisthat（）.

4.Whatisnewaboutfolkloriststoday?

5.Whatdoesparticipationinfolkcustomsmeantopeople?

问题1选项

A.FolkloreandFolkCustoms

B.ProblemsandTendencyofFolkCustoms

C.TheRevivalofFolkCustoms

D.FolkloreandFolklorists

问题2选项

A.folkloristsundervaluedtheopinionsoftheparticipants

B.theparticipantsdidnotrevealthesignificanceoftheircustoms

C.theparticipantswerenotawareofthemeaningoftheircustoms

D.folkloristsdidnotconsidertheparticipantssmartenoughtoanswerthequestions

问题3选项

A.participantsarenowinfluencedbyearlierstudiesoftheiractivities

B.participantsinsistontheaccuracyoftheirowninterpretations

C.folkloristsaretooconcernedtojustifytheirowntheories

D.folkloristsareoftenmisledbyunreliableearlierstudies

问题4选项

A.Theyarenowmorecautiousabouttheevidencetheyaccept.

B.Theywanttoinvestigatethemoreobscureareasoffolklore.

C.Theyarestudyingthecreationoffolkloreinpresent-daysociety.

D.Theywanttodiscoverthelinkbetweenpaganismandsocialcustoms.

问题5选项

A.Itenablesthemtoescapetheproblemsofthemodemworld.

B.Itisanattempttoreconstructwhatislostforever.

C.Itcanbeameansofregainingancientwisdom.

D.Itcanbeofpsychologicalbenefittothem.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。纵观全文，文章第一段介绍了民间习俗的概念，以及民间习俗的表现形式。文章第二段提到了民俗评估者对大多数记载民俗进行的评估。根据文章第三段开头“Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves”，可知通常被忽视的这个方面就是民俗传承人自己的观点。第四段谈及研究民俗的学生能确切意识到一些问题。最后一段是全文的总结，主要讲述了民俗学者对民俗的结论和理解。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved…Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas…beofequalimportance.”，可知大多数观察者找的都是一些朴素的人，甚至是文盲，并不理解所保存习俗的真正含义，所以民俗家最终只维护自己的兴趣。可推断出民俗家忽略了参与者的观点。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesateso-widespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirror…”，可知民俗研究的结论普遍流传，这些结论很容易影响民俗传承人观点，所以民俗学者研究这些民俗时，就像照镜子一样。可推断出参与者现在会受到他早期研究结论的影响。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“…enduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganism,neverthelesshavemuchincommonwiththeolderactivitieswhichdo…”，可知那些民俗研究者转而关注现今的现代城市生活等，在一些现代化物体中发现新的跟民俗相关的东西。可推断出他们正在研究现代社会中民俗的创作物或产物。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“…butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworld(ortoconfrontitslackofsense)andtrytoalleviateboredomandsuffering.”，可知民俗是人们试图理解这个世界，试图减轻无聊和痛苦的方式。可推断出参与民俗对人们的心理带来一定的好处。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Withtheexpansionofthecompany,themanagerhassomuchworktodothataholidayforhimthisyearis（）.

问题1选项

A.outofquestion

B.outofthequestion

C.beyondallquestion

D.pastquestion

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析。outofquestion“毫无疑问”；outofthequestion“不可能”；beyondallquestion“毫无疑问”；pastquestion“无可争辩”。句意：随着公司的扩张，经理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期对他来说是不可能的。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Exposuretolow-intensitygammaradiationslowstherateofgrowthofthespoilageofmicro-organismsinfoodinmuchthesamewaythatthelowheatusedinpasteurization（

）thespoilageactionofthemicro-organismsinmilk.

问题1选项

A.precludes

B.initiates

C.inhibits

D.purifies

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。A选项“阻止，妨碍”；B选项“创始，发起”；C选项“阻止，抑制”；D选项“使（某物）洁净，净化（心灵）”；根据句意‘暴露于低强度的伽马电磁辐射下可以阻缓食物中腐坏微生物的生长速度，按照相同的原理，在巴式消毒法中，低热会遏制住牛奶中微生物的腐坏作用’确定C选项正确。

5.单选题

AstronomersattheUniversityofCaliforniadiscoveredoneofthemostdistant（）.

问题1选项

A.paradoxes

B.paradises

C.galaxies

D.shuttles

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradoxes“自相矛盾的事物”；B选项paradises“天堂”；C选项galaxies“星系”；D选项shuttles“班车”。句意：加利福尼亚大学的天文学家发现了一个最遥远的星系。本句表示天文学家发现星系，因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteenthcentury,photography’sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensiousofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposehighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinPara.2?

3.TheauthorintroducesAbstractExpressionistpainters(Para.3)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

问题1选项

A.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury

B.identifyingthewaysthatrecentmovementsinpaintingandsculpturehaveinfluencedthetechniquesemployedbyseriousphotographers

C.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.Mechanical

B.Paradoxical

C.Superficial

D.Dramatic

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart

B.callattentiontoartistswhoseworksoftenbearaphysicalresemblancetotheworksofseriouscontemporaryphotographers

C.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters

D.provideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart

问题4选项

A.Thephotographers*beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrenderoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision

B.Thephotographers'fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic

C.TheinfluenceofAbstractExpressionistpaintingandPopArtonthesubjectmatterofthemodemphotograph

D.Thephotographers'beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined

问题5选项

A.contemporaryartthatisstrugglingtobeacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansanart

C.modemartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

D.modemartthatdisplaysthetendencyofallModernistarttobecomeincreasinglyformalandabstract

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.题目问作者的文章主要是关注什么。根据文章第一段首句Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.最早的关于摄影与艺术的关系的争论主要集中在摄影对于外表的保真度和对机器的依赖是否能够允许它成为一门艺术，有别于仅仅实用的美术。后文主要通过讨论摄影是否是一门艺术这个问题，然后分析了论点双方对于这个问题的态度。综合分析后可知主要是分析了摄影师对待艺术的态度，C选项“揭示了严肃的当代摄影师对于摄影作为艺术以及在历史背景下的艺术态度”符合题意。A项意为“解释了在十九世纪的争议之后摄影是怎样成作为美术出现的”；B项意为“鉴别在近期影响了被严肃的摄影师所采纳的技术的绘画和雕塑艺术中所用到的方式”；D项意为“定义严肃的当代摄影师对他们的艺术所采取的各种方法和评估这些方法的价值”不符合，排除。

2.theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism意为“被现代主义的胜利所强加的艺术的概念”。A项意为“呆板的，机械的”；B项意为“矛盾的”；C项意为“表面的，肤浅的”；D项意为“引人注目的”。本句所在句子意为“重要的摄影家们不再愿意辩论摄影是或者不是一种艺术，除了声称他们自己的作品不再涉及艺术，表明了在多大程度上他们简单地认为“被现代主义的胜利所强加的艺术的概念是理所当然的”：艺术越好，越颠覆艺术的传统目的。根据句意可知作者所表达的内容是‘矛盾的‘，B选项符合题意。

3.题目问作者介绍抽象表现主义画家的目的。根据第三段第二句‘Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.例如，那些假设的摄影师，通过拍照，他们越来越远离以绘画艺术的自命不凡提醒我们的抽象表现主义画家想象他们摆脱古典现代主义绘画的知识紧缩专注于绘画的物理行为。‘可知作者主要是想举出这样的例子，A选项“是为了举出像严肃的现代摄影师那样的艺术家，否认传统上公认的现代艺术的目的”符合题意。

4.题目问哪一项最好地解释了严肃的当代摄影师对于摄影是否是一门艺术的反应。根据文章最后一句Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.许多专业摄影人员私下里己经开始担心，摄影作为艺术活动促进颠覆传统的自命不凡已经走得太远，引起公众忘记摄影是一种独特的高活动总之，是一种艺术。确定D选项“摄影师认为最好的艺术是对艺术的颠覆，就像之前定义的那样”正确。

5.题目问作者很可能认为严肃的当代摄影是一种……。A项意为“一种正努力要被认可为美术的当代艺术”；B项意为“一种要求敏感性的工艺，但绝不是艺术”；C项意为“显示了现代主义的倾向，试图颠覆主流的艺术目标的现代艺术”；D项意为“显示所有的现代主义艺术的趋势变得越来越正式和抽象的现代艺术”。根据文章内容以及最后一段的阐述’thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythat...ofarthasgonesofar艺术越好，对传统艺术目标的颠覆性就越大。许多专业人士私下里开始担心……艺术已经走了这么远’确定C选项“显示了现代主义的倾向，试图颠覆主流的艺术目标的现代艺术”正确。

7.单选题

Atthenews,thedemonstratorswhohadputtheforeigngoodsunderaboycottforseveralmonthsprotestedbut（）.

问题1选项

A.tonaught

B.tonothing

C.tonoavail

D.tovoid

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:naught“无价值”；B:nothing“无”；C:noavail“无效”；D:void“空虚，空间”。句意：新闻中那些连续几个月联合抵制国外商品的示烕者一直在抗议，但是没有用。结合词义，C为正确答案。

8.单选题

Caresshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（

）loudcontinuousnoise.

问题1选项

A.associatedwith

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.attachedto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。beassociatedwith意为“与……联系”；besubjectedto意为“受到，被……折磨”；befilledwith意为“充满，装满”；beattachedto意为“附属于，喜爱”。

句意：应注意缩短人们遭受持续噪声的时间长度。

9.单选题

Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.

Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.

Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.

Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.

Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.

1.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe____________.

2.Whatistheauthor’smainconcern?

3.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?

4.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois____________.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?

问题1选项

A.itspowersourceC.itsmonitoringsystem

B.C.itsmonitoringsystemB.

C.itsmonitoringsystemB.itsdrivingsystem

D.itsseatingcapacity

问题2选项

A.Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.

B.Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.

C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.

D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

问题3选项

A.rail.

B.Anengine.

C.Aretractablearm.

D.Acomputercontroller.

问题4选项

A.keepintherightlane

B.waittoarriveathisdestination

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

D.informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone

问题5选项

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Optimistic.

D.Cautious.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.（它应该变得更小、更安全、更经济，而且不应该由汽油发动机驱动。），可知A选项“能量来源”正确。B选项“驱动系统”，C选项“监控系统”和D选项“载客人数”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

2.作者意图题。根据第三段第一句theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion.（未来的汽车的主要问题仍在城市交通拥挤），可知作者最关心交通拥挤的问题，结合下文对如何解决这个问题展开设想，所以C选项“如何解决交通堵塞的问题”正确，A选项“如何使汽车无污染”和B选项“如何制造更小更安全的汽车”：这是未来汽车发展方向的其中一部分，不是作者最关心的，故错误。D选项“如何开发自动化地铁系统”：文章没有提到开发地铁系统，故错误。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第五段第一句Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.（一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由该系统提供电力，汽车的控制将通过中央计算机进行。），汽车接到铁轨上以后就有了电力，所以A选项“铁轨”正确，计算机控制器控制汽车，故D选项“计算机控制器”错误。B选项“可伸缩的机械臂”：根据第四段第一句aretractablearmwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail（一个可伸缩的机械臂从自动化系统向下和铁轨连接），可知机械臂不提供电力，故错误。C选项“引擎”：引擎不提供能量，故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzerthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.（然后司机就可以自由地放松，等待蜂鸣器提醒他到下一个出口。），可知司机需要听从系统的提示，按照提示操作，所以D选项“用电话通知系统他的目的地”正确，B选项“等待到达他的目的地”错误。A选项“保持在右车道行驶”和C选项“与计算机中心保持联系”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.观点态度题。根据第一段第一句Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.（一些悲观的专家认为汽车注定会被淘汰。），结合作者下文提出未来汽车的发展方向，可知作者不赞同悲观的观点，根据第六段最后一句Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.（据估计，自动化公路每小时将能够处理1万辆汽车，而现在的公路只能运送1500到2000辆汽车。），在文章最后作者大胆预料未来汽车的情况，可知作者看好未来汽车的发展，所以C选项“乐观”正确，B选项“悲观”和D选项“谨慎”错误。A选项“热情”不明显。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Itisaruleinhisfamilythat（）comeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.

问题1选项

A.anybody

B.who

C.whothat

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】句意:无论是谁回家得早，都应该给家人做晚饭，这是他家的规定。

语法题。考查名词性从句引导词。空格所在句为主语从句而且从句中缺主语。A不能引导从句,故排除。B项表示“谁”，具有特指的情况，不符合语境。C项的“who和that”不能搭配引导主语从句。whoever有两个词义：（l）nomatterwho,在这种用法时引导一个让步状语从句；（2）anybodythat（who），在这种用法时，它连接一个名词性从句，因此，在本题中它连接的是主语从句。

11.单选题

His（）directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.complicated

C.arbitrary

D.intricate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他模棱两可的指示把我们弄糊涂了；我们不知道该走哪条路。

考查形容词辨析。ambiguous引起歧义的；模糊的；complicated难懂的；复杂的；arbitrary任意的；武断的；intricate复杂的；错综的。由后半句句意可知A项正确。

12.单选题

Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthattheimmigrantgenerationoftenarrivesinanewlandaspioneerswithdreamsofmakingabetterlifeforthemselvesaswellasfortheirchildren.Theobjectivesofthefirstgenerationarerelativelyclear:getajob,earnmoney,learnanewlanguage,ifpossible,offeraneducationtothechildren,andingeneralimprovetheirlotinlife.Familyreunificationisanotherpowerfulmotivedrivingmanynewarrivals.Somenewimmigrants,perhapsmorethanthecurrentanti-immigrationlobbymayrealize,oftenwisheventuallytoreturnhometosettlethereoncefinancialconsiderationsallowit.

Theobviousdifficultiesthatmostimmigrantsfaceincludelanguageinadequacies,ageneralunfamiliaritywiththecustomsandexpectationsofthenewcountry(whatanthropologistsrefertoas“culturaldiscontinuities”),limitedeconomicopportunities,poorhousingconditions,discrimination,xenophobia,andwhatpsychologiststermthe“stressesofacculturation”.

Despitetheseobstacles,inmanycases,immigrantsexperiencetheirlotasbeingbetterthanitwasintheircountryoforigin.Becauseofaperceptionofrelativematerialimprovement,manyimmigrantsmayfailtointernalizetheanti-immigrantnegativeattitudesofthehostcountrytowardthem,maintainingtheircountryoforiginasapointofreference.Inaddition,recentimmigrantscommonlyviewa