考研考博-英语-佳木斯职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-佳木斯职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould（

）considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

问题1选项

A.resultfrom

B.settledown

C.liein

D.leadto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项resultfrom“产生于……，由……引起”；B选项settledown“定居”；C选项liein“在于，位于”；D选项leadto“导致，把……带到”。根据句子之间的逻辑关系可知选D，表示慷慨的公共资助会给国家带来好处。句意：对基础科学慷慨的公共资助将为国家的健康、财富和安全带来可观的好处。

2.问答题

Don’ttouchthosewiresinanycircumstances.(Under)

【答案】Don’ttouchthosewiresunderanycircumstances.

3.单选题

W.SomersetMaughamafterwardswalkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital（）practicinginmedicine.

问题1选项

A.withaviewto

B.withregardsto

C.withtheaimat

D.withtheobjectfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项withaviewto“着眼于，考虑到，意在，以……为目的”，表示会尽力去完成自己所追求的这件事；B选项withregardsto“关于，至于”；C选项withtheaimat“为了……”，aim常指短期内的目标，往往比较具体、实际、明确，不是理想性的，努力程度一般；D选项withtheobjectfor“目的是”，object常指比较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望，没有明确表明是否会尽力。句意：后来，W.萨默塞特•毛姆走进圣托马斯医院的病房，（）行医。而毛姆是想要迫切做好这件事的，因此A选项符合题意。

4.单选题

FamedsingerStevieWondercan’tseehisfansdancingathisconcerts.Hecan’tseethehandsofhisaudienceastheyapplaudwildlyattheendofhissuperstition.

Blindfrombirth,Wonderhaswaitedhiswholelifeforachancetosee.Recently,WondervisitedMarkHumayan,avisionspecialist.HethoughtthatanewdevicecurrentlybeingstudiedbyHumayanmightofferhimthatchance.

Thedevice,aretinalprosthesis,isatinycomputerchipimplantedinsideapatient’seye.Thechipsendsimagestothebrainandallowssomesightlesspeopletoseeshapesandcolors.Wonderhopedtheretinalprosthesismightworkforhim.“I’vealwayssaidthatifeverthere’spossibilityofmyseeing,”saidWonder,“thenIwouldtakethechallenge.”

UnfortunatelyforWonder,thatchallengewillhavetowait.Humayanexplainedthatthedeviceisn’treadyforpeoplewhohavebeenblindsincebirth.Theirbrainsmaynotbeabletohandlesignalsfromaretinalprosthesisbecausetheirbrainshaveneverhandledsignalsfromahealthyeye.

Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.Perhapsonedaysoon,someformerlysightlesspeoplemaybeinWonder’saudiencelookingup—andseeinghim—fortheveryfirsttime.

Wonder’swillingnesstotakepartinretinalprosthesisstudiesandtheresultsofthosestudiesaregivingnewhopetopeoplewhothoughttheywouldbeblindfortherestoftheirlives.MorethanonemillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesareconsideredlegallyblind,meaningthattheireyesightisseverelyimpaired.Anotheronemillionaretotallyblind.

Twotypesofspecializedcellsintheretina—rodsandcones—arecriticalforpropervision.Lightenterstheeyeandfallsontherodsandconesintheretina.Thosecellsconvertthelighttoelectricalsignalswhichtravelthroughtheopticnervetothebrain.Thebraininterpretsthosesignalsasvisualimages.Rodsdetectlightatlowlevelsofillumination.Forinstance,rodsallowyoutoseefaintshadowsindimmoonlight.Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.Somediseasescandamagecellsintheretina.Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.

Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.Differentformsofretinalprosthesesarecurrentlybeingdeveloped.Ononetype,atinycomputerchipisembeddedintheeye.Thechiphasagridofabout2,500light-sensingelementscalledpixels.

Lightenteringtheeyestrikesthepixels,whichconvertthelightintoelectricalsignals.Thepixelsthensendtheelectricalsignalstonervecellsbehindtheretina.Thosecellssendsignalsviatheopticnervetothebrainforinterpretation.

Manypeoplewhohavehadaretinalprosthesisimplantedsaytheycanseeshapes,colors,andmovementsthattheycouldn’tseebefore.“Itwasgreat,”saidHaroldChurchey,whoreceivedhisretinalprosthesis15yearsafterhebecametotallyblind.“Toseelightaftersolong—itwasjustwonderful.Itwasjustlikeswitchingalighton.”

1.WhydidSteveWondervisitMarkHumayan?

2.WhomisMark'sretinalprosthesisreadyfor?

3.Fordetectingcolors,wedepend,inthefirstplace,on（）

4.Whydoesmaculardegenerationcauseblindnessandothervisionproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefunctionofretinalprosthesisistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.HethoughtMark'sdevicemightrecoverhiseyesight.

B.HethoughtMarkmightneedhishelpindevelopingthedevice.

C.HethoughtMarkmightwanttolistentohisSuperstition.

D.HethoughtMarkmightimplantachipintohisrighteye.

问题2选项

A.Forthosewhohavebeenblindfrombirth.

B.Forthosewhostillhavefaintvision.

C.Fortheblindwhooncehadeyesight.

D.Forthosewhostillhaveonehealthyeye.

问题3选项

A.interpretationbythebrain.

B.conesoftheretina.

C.rodsoftheretina.

D.opticnerve.

问题4选项

A.Maculardegenerationcausesimproperinterpretationbythebrain.

B.Maculardegenerationmakestheretinalesssensitivetothelight.

C.Maculardegenerationchangesthefunctionsofrodsandcones.

D.Maculardegenerationcausesinadequatesupplyofbloodintheretina.

问题5选项

A.Itcanpreventsomeeyedisorders.

B.Itcancuresomeeyedisorders.

C.Itcanhelprecovereyesighttosomedegree.

D.Itcanrepairthedamagedcones.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容“Wonder自打出生眼睛就看不见，他一生都在等待一个机会。最近，Wonder拜访了视力专家MarkHumayan。他认为目前Humayan正在研究的一种新装置可能会给他提供这个机会。”由此可知，SteveWonder拜访MarkHumayan的原因是他认为MarkHumayan的设备可能会恢复他的视力，选项A正确。

2.判断推理题。根据第五段的第一句“Theretinalprosthesisandotherdevices,however,showgreatpromiseinhelpingmanyothersightlesspeoplewhooncehadvisionseeagain.然而，视网膜假体和其他装置在帮助许多曾经有过视力的盲人重见光明方面展现出了巨大的希望。”由此可推断，Mark的视网膜假体装置是为那些曾经有过良好视力的人准备的，所以选项C符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据原文第七段的内容可知，视网膜中有两种特殊的细胞对正常的视力至关重要——杆状细胞和视锥细胞。第七段还提及“Cones,ontheotherhand,aremostsensitivetocolor.另一方面，视锥细胞对颜色最敏感。”由此可知，选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“maculardegeneration”定位到第七段后半部分的内容“Forinstance,maculardegenerationcausesblindnessandothervisionproblemsin700,000peopleintheUnitedStateseachyear.Theconditioniscausedbyalackofadequatebloodsupplytothecentralpartoftheretina.Withoutblood,therods,cones,andothercellsintheretinadie.例如，黄斑变性导致美国每年有70万人失明和其他视力问题。这种情况是由于缺乏足够的血液供应到视网膜的中央部分。没有血液，视网膜中的杆状细胞、视锥细胞和其他细胞就会死亡。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第八段的首句“Devicessuchastheretinalprostheseswon’tpreventorcureoureyediseases,buttheymayhelppatientswhohaveeyedisordersregainsomeoftheirvision.像视网膜假体这样的设备不能预防或治愈我们的眼病，但它们可以帮助有视力障碍的患者重获一些视力。”由此可知，视网膜假体能在一定程度上帮助恢复视力，所以选项C符合原文。

5.翻译题

“Intelligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstruct—themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild'scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharacter,socialadjustment,physicalendurance,manualskills,orartisticabilities.Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.

【答案】“智力”充其量只是一个假设性的概念,因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。人们对智力所指的不同表现,比对这些表现如何解释或分类,看法更为一致,但是一般认为智力好的人是能够迅速领会思想、区分事物、进行逻辑推理并运用文字和数车符号来解决问题的人。智力测验只是粗略衡量一个儿童的学习能力,尤其是学习学校所要求的不同知识的能力。智力测验并不测定人的品格、社会适应能力、身体耐力、手工技能或艺术才能。批评智力测试不反映上述情况,就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们就必须确保在对我们的对象迸行比较时,我们所使用尺度能提供“有效的”；或“公平的”比较。

6.单选题

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

问题1选项

A.annoyance

B.resentment

C.offence

D.irritation

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项annoyance“恼怒，生气，烦恼”；B选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；C选项offence“犯罪，罪行，冒犯”；D选项irritation“生气，气恼”。只有offence可用于短语takeoffenceatsth.表示“对……生气”。句意：记者和摄影师们都对那位演员在采访过程中的粗鲁表现感到不满。

7.翻译题

Companiesnowrealizethatvirusesaren’t“urbanmyth”,andcanbeaseriousimpactontheiroperations.Theyinvestinanti-virussoftwareonthedesktops,serversandemailgatewaysandevenputinplaceprocedurestoensuretheiranti-virusisup-to-datewiththeverylatestdetectionroutines.Anti-virussoftwaredetectsmostofthevirusesyourusersarelikelytoencounter—oftenwithouttheuserevenknowing.However,anti-virussoftwaremustbeupdatedregularly,preferablydailyinanylargecompany.Eventhen,averynewviruscaninfectyourusers.WiththerapidtransmissionoffilesthroughnetworksandtheInternet,aviruscanspreadaconsiderabledistancebeforeitcanbeidentifiedandprotectedagainst.

【答案】

各家公司现在意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。杀毒软件确实能检测出用户会碰到的绝大多数病毒，而且往往在用户毫无察觉时就已经处理完毕。然而，软件必须定期更新，大公司则最好是每天更新一次。即使是这样，一种非常新的病毒也还是可能感染到用户。通过网络和互联网，文件可以快速地传输，等到人们发现一种病毒并加以防范时，病毒可能已经扩散到了相当的范围。

8.填空题

Theoveremphasisontheexteriorelevationinitsformerdesignresultedintheclosenessand________oftheinteriorspace.(regular)

【答案】irregularity

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】根据关键词and，可知横线处和closeness都是名词，结合语境，过分强调建筑的外部立面致使建筑不规则，irregularity意思为“不规则（或无规律）的事物”，符合语境。

【句意】在原有设计中过分强调建筑的外部立面，导致室内空间的封闭和不规则。

9.单选题

Theannouncementwill______therumorsofatakeoverthathaveplaguedthecompanyforthepast18months.

问题1选项

A.append

B.scotch

C.exhort

D.exhale

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.append附加，贴上；盖章B.scotch阻止，平息；终止

C.exhort忠告；劝诫D.exhale呼气；发出，发散

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据空格后的句子意思“过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言”，由情态动词will可知，Theannouncementwill______表示的是“这一声明将消除”，B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】这一声明将消除过去18个月来困扰该公司的收购传言。

10.单选题

Freddoesn’tlikewhitecoffee,nordoesheliketoputcreamonhisstrawberries,becauseheprefersthem______.

问题1选项

A.natural

B.plain

C.simple

D.ordinary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.natural自然的；天然的B.plain朴素的；简单的

C.simple简单的D.ordinary普通的；平常的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照主句内容“弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油”可推知，他喜欢吃原滋原味的食物，plain可以表示食物等素净、清淡的，所以该题选择B项恰当。

【干扰项排除】

A项、D项不符合句意；

C项指人或事物拥有他们所需要的所有基本或必要的东西，或者某件事物易于理解，不符合语境。

【句意】弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油，因为他喜欢原味的食物。

11.单选题

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthebusycity.

问题1选项

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项aid“资助，援助，帮助”；B选项amount“总计，等于”；C选项add“增加，添加，计算……总和”；D选项attribute“把……归因于，被认为是……创作的”。句意：我们很高兴地注意到，早晨送货没有加剧这个繁华城市的交通拥挤。故C选项正确。

12.单选题

Itisnecessarythatthemembershipapplicationsshouldbedispatchedimmediately.

问题1选项

A.disposedof

B.sentin

C.sentoff

D.filledout

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项disposedof“处理”；B选项sentin“递送”；C选项sentoff“寄出”；D选项filledout“填写”。句意：有必要立即发出会员申请。划线部分dispatched是发出的意思。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Peoplethroughouttheworldareeating____meatperpersonastheydidin1950.

问题1选项

A.morethantwice

B.twicemuchas

C.twiceasmuch

D.twicemore

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.morethantwice两倍以上B.twicemuchas两倍

C.twiceasmuch两倍D.twicemore比……多两倍

【答案】C

【考查点】倍数的表达

【解题思路】根据选项推测，原句表达的语义为“全世界的人均肉类消费量是1950年的两倍。”后文中使用了as，本句使用的倍数表达方式为“倍数+asmuch/manyas”，表示“几倍”，因此，C选项twiceasmuch“两倍”格式正确。该表达方式可以演变成“倍数+as+many/much+可数名词复数/不可数名词+as”。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句倍数表达的格式。其他常见的倍数表达方式有：①倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+其他；②倍数+thesize/height/length/width等+of+其他；③倍数+more+名词+than+其他。

【句意】全世界的人均肉类消费量是1950年的两倍。

14.单选题

AsmoreandmoreAfricanAmericansmovedawayfromsegregatedhousing,theyhadlessconnectiontothevernacularandmoreoccasiontospeakstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题1选项

A.restricted

B.isolated

C.outdated

D.exhausted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.restricted限制，限定（数量、范围等）B.isolated（使）隔离，孤立

C.outdated（新东西）使过时D.exhausted使筋疲力尽

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】segregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。

15.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinthemarketplace.Ifelttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstothefloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.Accordingtothewriter,thewomaninthemarketplace.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

3.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（

）.

4.Whenthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（

）

.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.refusedtospeaktoher

B.waspleasantandattractive

C.wassellingskirtsandribbons

D.recognizeherimmediately

问题2选项

A.Thewriterwasusedtobargaining.

B.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

C.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

D.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

问题3选项

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable.

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney.

C.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore.

D.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining.

问题4选项

A.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic.

B.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely.

C.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

D.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling.

问题5选项

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

C.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

D.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“shemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.就像我通常见到的老挝女子一样，她走起路来悠闲而又可爱”，可知选项B“很讨人喜欢和有吸引力”符合题意，因此B正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段“Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.我决定买下其中一条裙子，而且我开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲买东西讨价还价是习惯。在老挝，讨价还价是以一种轻声细语，十分平静的形式不紧不慢地进行的”。由此可知A选项是没有提及的，故答案选A。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第六段第二句“ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.她对我能够用老挝语和她说上几句话感到很开心，尽管这些话全是数字，她看得出我懂得讨价还价之间的小玩笑”和第四句“shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.她很开心，所以她意外的接受我最后的定价”，可知选项D为最佳答案。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第八段“Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.我学会了如何保护自己不受困难的影响；不知不觉中，我也学会了如何保护自己抵制软弱和随和。”由此可知正确答案选D。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第十段“Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asif...没有什么可以抵御慷慨，而这一次我哭了，非常伤心……”文章第九段说作者从市场回来，再次检查买回来的裙子，发现里面夹杂五条扎头发的丝绸带，比自己买的多了两根。她被这种情绪感动了。故选项D为最符合语境的答案。

16.填空题

Thewideapplicationofelectroniccomputersinscienceandtechnologywillfreemanfromthelaborofcomplicatedmeasurementand_______.(compute)

【答案】computation

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】and前后表示并列，横线处应该和measurement都是名词，结合关键词computers，可知横线处单词表示计算的意思，computation意思为“计算”，符合语境。

【句意】电子计算机在科学技术方面的广泛应用将使人们从复杂的测量和计算中解放出来。

17.单选题

Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastating(毁灭性的)tragedywastheprovocation.TheobserverofWarsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingfromrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponses,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistancefromothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention.So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.

Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress.UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarefoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposuretocutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.

Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasamemosofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.

AtTulaneUniversity’sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(药物),todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof”dryeye"syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.

AtColumbiaUniversityDr.LiasyFadsandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluesIothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears"(Line6,Para,1)referto?

3.“Counterproductive”(Lines7,Para,1)veryprobablymeans“（

）”.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?

问题1选项

A.sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

B.cryingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedy

C.cryingusuallywiresympathyfromotherpeople

D.onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed

问题2选项

A.Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.

B.Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.

C.Thetearshedder'sapologyandtheobserver’sefforttostopthecrying.

D.Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.

问题3选项

A.havingnoeffectatall

B.leadingtotension

C.producingdisastrousimpact

D.harmfultohealth

问题4选项

A.Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment

B.itmusthavearoletoplayinman’ssurvival

C.Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

D.Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.

问题5选项

A.Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.

B.Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionalterns.

C.Emotionaltearscangiveriseto"dryeye'syndromeinsomecases

D.Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段主要讲述了哭泣的负面影响。第一段第二句Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfortableandembarrassed提到眼泪会让美国人感到不舒服以及尴尬，所以选项A符合题意。

2.文章第一段提到两种对于哭泣的反应，第一种“哭泣好像在为了某事在道歉”（Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize），第二种反应是“去阻止某人哭泣”（islikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring），选项C符合题意。

3.文章第一段最后一句boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive，从even这个词可知counterproductive比inappropriate要更强烈，选项D符合题意。

4.文章第一段itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival提到眼泪在生存中的作用很大，选项B符合题意。

5.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到眼泪的作用之一：perhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants，选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Despiteatendencytobeovertly（

），thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.

问题1选项

A.diverting

B.didactic

C.whimsical

D.romantic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。diverting“有趣的；令人快乐的”；didactic“说教的；教诲的”；whimsical“古怪的；异想天开的”；romantic“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”。句意：尽管中世纪的诗歌有说教的明显倾向，但是它却经常激发想象力，提供充满生气的娱乐和虔诚的心情。由thepoetryoftheMiddleAges中世纪的诗歌可知其特点，另外由despite表让步也可知前后两句句意相反，B项符合语意。

19.单选题

JustastheUnitedStatesmustchange,sotoomustthoseeconomiesthathavepreviouslyreliedonexports（）weaknessesintheirowndemand.

问题1选项

A.tooffset

B.byoffsetting

C.inoffsetting

D.offsetting

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配relyonsth.todo“依靠……做某事”，句意：正如美国必须做出的改变一样，那些经济体以前也依赖出口来找消除内需不足的弱点。选项A符合题意。

20.不定项选择题

Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex（大脑皮层）,wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.

1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen（

）is(are)removed.

3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbeca