考研考博-英语-山东艺术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东艺术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whatjobhaveyouapplied____?

问题1选项

A.with

B.to

C.at

D.for

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.with带有B.to朝；向

C.at在D.for为了

【考查点】介词搭配与短语辨析

【解题思路】原句语义为“你____什么工作”，空格前为applied，固定搭配applyfor“申请”符合语义搭配；applyforajob“申请工作”。因此，D选项for“为了”符合搭配要求。

【干扰项排除】

A选项with“带有”，不符合原文搭配；

B选项to“朝；向”，applyto表示“申请”时，其后接的是学校、公司等，与原文“工作”不搭配；applyto还可以表示“适用；应用”；

C选项at“在”，不符合原文搭配。

【句意】你申请了什么工作？

2.单选题

Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.

问题1选项

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

D.accountingfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。acknowledge表示“承认，答谢”；afford表示“提供，供应得起”；allowfor“考虑到；顾及”；accountfor“对……负有责任”。句意：考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站可能需要20分钟。

3.单选题

Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorshasbeen（

）in30Americancitiesforthesakeofbio-security.

问题1选项

A.deployed

B.committed

C.indulged

D.immersed

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项deploy“部署，有效利用”；B选项commit“犯罪，保证”;C选项indulge“沉溺”；D选项immerse“沉浸，陷入”；根据主语‘Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectors微型毒素探测器网络’确定A选项正确。

4.单选题

（）he’salreadyheardthenews.

问题1选项

A.Chancesare

B.Chanceis

C.Opportunitiesare

D.Opportunityis

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他很可能已经听到这个消息了。

5.单选题

Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignwhichyouaresubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.

问题1选项

A.contraryto

B.which

C.aware

D.asyoudo

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构可知，sign后面的句子是一个从句，根据从句的内容可知，这是对sign的补充说明，属于同位语从句，而which并不能引导同位语从句。句意：如果某一种与你相左的见解使你生气，那么这就是一种迹象，说明你潜意识地感到，你没法给自己的想法以充分的理由。因此，该题选择B项。

6.单选题

Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe（）tohealth.

问题1选项

A.restored

B.recovered

C.returned

D.renewed

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restore（to）“恢复，恢复成（某个样子），及物动词，多用于被动语态，强调用外力来恢复原状”。句意：我们真诚地希望你们不久就能恢复健康。根据句意，A为正确答案。

7.单选题

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.

Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbomwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman'sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,ifthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern’’toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling（呼呀学语）,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.

1.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas（

）.

2.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostlikelythat（

）.

3.Whatisparticularlyremarkableaboutachildisthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,hewillinfuture（

）.

问题1选项

A.toprovethatchildrenarebomwiththeabilitytospeak

B.todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech

C.tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak

D.toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage

问题2选项

A.theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly

B.theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce

C.theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak

D.theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem

问题3选项

A.heisbomwiththecapacitytospeak

B.hehasabrainmorecomplexthanananimal’s

C.hecanproducehisownsentences

D.heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing

问题4选项

A.Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.

B.Thechild’sbrainishighlyselective.

C.Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.

D.Alltheabove.

问题5选项

A.haveahighIQ

B.belessintelligent

C.beinsensitivetoverbalsignals

D.notnecessarilybebackward

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。该实验目的出现在第一段最后一句:Hopingtodiscoverwhat1anguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent(他希望能够发现孩子在没有听到任何母语的时候会说什么，并嘱咐护士们保持沉默)。因此B项(发现孩子在没有听到任何人类语言的情况下会说什么语言)正确。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词backwardinspeaking定位至第三段,后一句给出了原因:Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly(最常见的原因是，母亲对婴儿的信号不敏感)。故选C项(母亲对他们试图说话的信号不敏感)。

3.细节题。倒数第二段指出:Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways(更加令人难以置信的是，婴儿的大脑能够从他听到的周围各种声音中找到语言的顺序，并且对其进行分析，从而把这种语言以新的方式进行组合和重新组合),此句的incredible与题干中的remarkable对应,因此C项(他们能生成新的句子)正确。

4.推断题。第五段:Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbomwiththecapacitytospeak(最近的证据表明婴儿具有说话能力),因此A项正确。由第五段的第二,三句可得出B项(孩子的大脑是高度选择性的)正确。第四段:Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage(专家认为，语言阶段是以固定的顺序和固定的年龄达到的)，因此C项(大多数儿童在特定阶段学习语言)正确。故选D。

5.细节题。第四段:buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ,说明一个孩子比别人开始说话晚也有可能在未来拥有高智商,故选D。

8.单选题

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.

问题1选项

A.bacteria

B.constituents

C.erosion

D.contexts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bacteria“细菌”；B选项constituents“成分”；C选项erosion“侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项contexts“环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的……和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。

9.单选题

IthinkIwasatschool,（

）IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

问题1选项

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。A选项；B选项andthen“于是，然后”;C选项orso“大约”;D选项evenso“虽然如此，即使如此”。根据句意‘当听到这个消息时，我应该是在学校，……在和朋友度假。’应该是表示选择，所以A选项orelse“否则,要不然”符合逻辑，正确。

10.单选题

Thosewerethesoldiers（

）tosavethetown.

问题1选项

A.whoseresponsibilitywas

B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility

C.whosewastheresponsibility

D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些士兵的（）是保卫城镇。根据句意答案选A；关系代词whose在定语从句中职能作状语，不能作主语，所以C选项错误；介词+whom/which在定语从句中一般作状语，D选项不符语法，B选项不符题意。而且responsibility一般不与in搭配。

11.单选题

Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.Athunderstormstartswhenlow-lyingpocketsofwarmairfromthesurfaceoftheearthbegintorise.Thepocketofwarmairfloatupwardsthroughtheairabovethatisbothcoolerandheavier.Therisingpocketscoolastheirpressuredecreases,andtheirheatisreleasedabovethecondensationlinethroughtheformationofcumulusclouds.

Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.Inwinter,theairtemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesisnotextremelygreat,andthetemperatureoftherisingairmassdropsmoreslowly.Insummer,however,whenthereisahighaccumulationofheatneartheearth’ssurface,indirectcontrasttotheconsiderablycolderairhigherup,thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter;whenthetemperaturedropsmorethanfourdegreesFahrenheitperthousandfeetofaltitude,cumuluscloudsaggregateintoasinglemassivecumulonimbuscloud,orthunderhead.

Inisolation,asinglethunderstormisanimpressivebutfairlybenignwayforMotherEarthtodefusetrappedheatfromhersurface;thunderstorms,however,canappearinconcert,andtheresultingshow,whileextremelyimpressive,canalsoproveextraordinarilydestructive.Whenthereisalarge-scalecollisionbetweencoldairandwarmairmassesduringthesummermonths,asquallline,orseriesofthunderheads,maydevelop.Itiscommonforasqualllinetobeginwhenanadvancingcoldfrontmeetsupwithandforcesitselfunderalayerofwarmandmoistair,creatingalineofthunderstormsthatracesforwardatspeedsofapproximatelyfortymilesperhour.Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,isamagnificentforceofnaturewithincrediblepotentialfordestruction.Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.

1.Thetopicofthepassageis（）.

2.Theword"mechanism"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,insummer,（）.

4.Choosethedrawingbelowthatmostcloselyresemblesasquallline.

5.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageaboutsupercellsexceptthatthey（）.

问题1选项

A.thedevelopmentofthunderstormsandsqualllines

B.thedevastatingeffectsoftornadoes.

C.Cumulusandcumulonimbusclouds

D.thepoweroftornados

问题2选项

A.machines

B.motions

C.methods

D.materials

问题3选项

A.thereisnotagreattemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudes.

B.thegreatertemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesmakesthunderstormsmorelikelytooccur.

C.thereisnotmuchcoldairwhichdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

D.thetemperatureofrisingairdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.

问题4选项

A.

B.

C.

D.

问题5选项

A.areofshortduration.

B.havecirclingwinds.

C.haveextraordinarypower.

D.cangivebirthtotornadoes.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问文章主题。根据原文第一段“Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.”可知，雷暴带着锯齿状的闪电和轰鸣的雷声，实际上是大自然把热量从地球表面转移到大气中的主要方式之一。此处引出话题Thunderstorm。后文又围绕Thunderstorm和squallline的形成进行了论述，故A项“雷雨和飑线的形成”符合题意。B项“龙卷风的毁灭性结果”和D项“龙卷风的威力”在文中并未提及，可排除；C项“积云和积雨云”只是在文中有所提及，不能作为文章主题。因此，本题正确答案为A项。

2.词汇题。将mechanism定位到原文第一段，由“fortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere”可知，雷暴是为了将热量从地表转移到大气中，因此这是一种大自然的原始方式，故C项methods含义最接近。A项machine表示“机器”；B项motion表示“动作；移动；手势；议案”；D项material表示“材料”。

3.推理判断题。根据原文第二段“Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.”可知，积雨云的发生取决于大气温度。而根据“Insummer,...thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter...”可知，较高与较低海拔之间的温差更显著。因此，A项“较高与较低海拔之间没有很大温差”表述错误。B项“较高与较低海拔之间较大的温差更可能发生雷雨”；C项“（夏天）没有太多的冷空气的温度下降得比冬天更快”以及D项“（夏天）上升空气的温度比冬天下降得慢”均与原文不符。故本题正确答案为B项。

4.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,...”可知一条飑线可能长达数百英里，可容纳50个不同的雷雨云砧。通俗的说就是由于雷暴云中强烈上升气流到达对流层顶后，受到对流层顶（平流层下）强烈的水平气流作用而不能继续上升，从而向四周快速扩散，形成云砧。由于对流层顶温度很低，上升气流中凝结的水汽以冰晶形式存在，冰晶随风扩散，所以云砧看上去是白色的。由此可推测C项正确。A项图像应为“闪电”；B项图像应为“龙卷风”；D项图像应为“晴间多云”。

5.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.”可知，在飑线的南端经常可以发现超级单体，这是一种长期存在且又异常强大的旋转风暴，是龙卷风的源头。由此可知，A项“持续时间短暂”与原文不符。而B项“有旋转风”；C项“能量非凡”以及D项“可以引起龙卷风”均与原文表述相符，故本题正确答案为A项。

12.单选题

Theimportanceofprotectingrainforestsfromhumaninvasionisincreasinglyrealizedbydevelopinganddevelopedcountries（）.

问题1选项

A.both

B.either

C.alike

D.apart

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项both“两者都”，B项either“也，而且，两者之中的一个”；C项alike“相似地，同样地”，D项apart“相距，分离者”。空格前面是由and连接的两个并列成分，那么空格处需要填入一个副词与之呼应；A项用于both…and…（两个都），所以排除；B项用于两者中的其中一个，B项排除；句意：保护热带雨林的重要性日益为发展中国家和发达国家所重视。根据句意可知D项不符句意，因此C项正确。

13.单选题

Thedamagetomycarwas（）intheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.

问题1选项

A.insufficient

B.ambiguous

C.negligible

D.ignorance

【答案】C

【解析】句意:事故中，我的车损伤并不严重，但我至今仍然心有余悸。

考查形容词辨析。insufficient不足的，不够的；ambiguous含糊的，不确定的；negligible无足轻重的，微不足道的；ignorance无知，愚昧。But表转折,后面句意为:我至今仍然心有余悸。因此可知C符合句意。

14.案例题

AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?

ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.

HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer（二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人）parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy（冷漠）they'veinheritedfromGenerationX（60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人）.It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.

1.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?

A.Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

B.Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.

C.YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.

D.YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.

2.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?

A.HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.

B.WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.

C.WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.

D.HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.

3.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?

A.TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.

B.PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.

C.Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.

D.TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.

4.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?

A.Theirembraceofradicalideas.

B.TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.

C.TheirutilizationoftheInternet.

D.Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?

A.Theyarepoliticallyconservative.

B.Theyrejectconventionalvalues.

C.Theydaretotakeupchallenges.

D.Theyareindifferenttopolitics.

【答案】1.A

2.C

3.D

4.C

5.D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“showsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations”可知，选项A正确。

2.根据第二段的第一句“seekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters”可知，选项C符合原文。

3.

根据第二段的内容“willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration.”选项D符合原文。

4.

根据最后一段ProfessorHenryFlores说的话“[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking”可以看出正确答案为C。

5.

根据关键词“GenerationX”定位到文章最后一段的后半部分“Theresultcouldbe...theimageofapathythey'veinheritedfromGenerationX.”所以选项D正确。

15.单选题

Theeconomiccrisismustpromptaprofoundreflectionamongthesummitparticipants,sincethose（）voicehasleastforceinthepoliticalscenearepreciselythose（）suffermostfromtheharmfuleffectsofacrisisforwhichtheydonotbearresponsibility.

问题1选项

A.X...X

B.whose...who

C.which...who

D.which...X

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据题意，第一个空为定语从句关系代词，those为先行词，指“那些人”，定语从句的主语应该为“那些人的声音”，缺定语，所以选用关系代词whose在定语从句中充当定语。第二个空先行词为those，所以先行词为人，而且定语从句缺主语，选用关系代词“who”，选项B符合题意。

16.翻译题

Inthecaseofartappreciation,psychologicalconditionsarerequired.Orientalartisdedicatednottotheeye,buttothemind.Itisforinternalenjoyment.Theidealwayoflookingatapaintingisnottogotoapublicgalleryorinthemidstofacrowd.Theidealwayistobealonewiththepainting,concentratingone’smindonit,communicatingwithituntiloneentersintotherhythmicvitalityoftheobject.Thegarden,also,isnevermeanttobemonumentalorornamental,butaplaceforspiritualcommunicationandpurification.Intheappreciationofart,naturemustbepenetrated,profoundlyunderstood,reflectedupon.Thisattitudeisalmostareligiousone,andisabsolutelynecessaryintheappreciationofOrientalsculpture.

【答案】就艺术欣赏而言，需要心理条件。东方艺术献身于心灵而非眼睛。它注重于内心的享受。看一幅画的理想方式不是去公共画廊或在人群中。理想的方法是与画独处，专心于画，与画交流，直到感觉到它生命的韵律。花园，也从来不是纪念性的或装饰性的，而是一个精神交流和净化的地方。在欣赏艺术的过程中，必须深入自然，深刻理解自然，反思自然。这种态度几乎是一种宗教性的态度，在欣赏东方雕塑作品中是绝对必要的。

17.单选题

Despitealmostuniversal_______ofthevitalimportanceofwomen'sliteracy,educationremainsadreamforfarmanywomeninfartoomanycountriesoftheworld.

问题1选项

A.confession

B.identification

C.acknowledgement

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】confession忏悔,供认；identification鉴定,识别；acknowledgement承认,认知；compliment恭维,称赞。句意：尽管几乎普遍承认妇女识字的至关重要性,但对世界上许多国家的许多妇女来说,教育仍然是一个梦想。选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships（

）follow

trafficrulesinbusyharbors.

问题1选项

A.dutifully

B.cautiously

C.faithfully

D.skillfully

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。dutifully“尽职尽责地，忠实地”；cautiously“慎重地，谨慎地”；faithfully“忠实地，忠诚地”；skillfully“巧妙地，精巧地”。句意：海岸警卫队的职责之一便是确保繁忙港口的所有船只都遵守交通规则。选项A符合题意。

19.单选题

Hewashere（）thestroke.

问题1选项

A.in

B.on

C.with

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。onthestroke“准时地”。句意：他准时到了这里。因此B选项正确。

20.单选题

Youmayput（）onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.fat

B.grease

C.oil

D.cream

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，润滑油”；oil“石油，油画材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根据句意可知，涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油，所以选项B正确。

21.单选题

Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.

问题1选项

A.snatchup

B.summonup

C.catchon

D.watchout

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项snatchup“夺取，猛然抓住”；B选项summonup“鼓起（勇气），使出（力气），唤起”；C选项catchon“理解，明白，变得流行”；D选项watchout“当心，注意”。根据askedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid可推测前面指他没听明白我说的话，因此选C。句意：John说他没有太明白，要我重复我下我所说的话。

22.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditionedmicetoavoidsaccharinbysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat____.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals____.

问题1选项

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

问题2选项

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

问题3选项

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

C.itledtostomachpains

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

问题4选项

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin

B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

问题5选项

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.劳登斯拉格的实验表明，那些能切断电源的老鼠的免疫系统____。

A.wasstrengthenedA.得到了加强

B.wasnotaffectedB.没有受到影响

C.wasalteredC.发生了改变

D.wasweakenedD.被削弱了

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段倒数第二句“劳登斯拉格发现，无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些可以切断电源的老鼠则没有。”因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项属于反向干扰；

2.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.根据文章，无助的经历导致老鼠____。

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuliA.试图控制不愉快的刺激

B.turnofftheelectricityB.关掉电源

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsC.在可控的情况下被动地行动

D.becomeabnormallysuspiciousD.变得异常多疑

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“如果这些动物面对它们无法控制的情况，它们在面对它们可以控制的经历时，会表现得被动。（theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol）”因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“试图控制不愉快的刺激”，文中提到“杜克大学医学院的心理学家杰伊•韦斯已经证明，能够控制不愉快刺激的动物不会出现睡眠障碍，也不会出现典型的应激大鼠大脑化学变化。但是，如果动物面对他们无法控制的情况，它们以后在面对它们可以控制的经历时会表现被动。”由此可知，一旦动物遇到过它们控制不了的事情和局面，以后即使面对它们能够控制的事情，它们依然会很被动。该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；

B选项“关掉电源”，文中第一段提到“无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，而那些可以切断电源的老鼠则没有。他认为，他所证明的是，缺乏对事件的控制是削弱免疫系统的原因，而不是经历本身。”由此可知关掉电源这个实验证明的是无助的老鼠的免疫反应低于正常水平，并没有说无助的经历会让老鼠关掉电源，该选项属于过度推断；

D选项“变得异常多疑”，文中没提及，该选项属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.在阿德的实验中，老鼠不吃糖精的原因是____。

A.theydislikeditstasteA.它们不喜欢糖精的味道

B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsB.它会影响它们的免疫系统

C.itledtostomachpainsC.它会导致胃痛

D.theyassociateditwithstomachachesD.它们把糖精与胃痛联系在一起

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。老鼠将糖精与胃痛联系起来（Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains），很快就学会了避开这种甜味剂。”由此可推断，因为阿德在喂老鼠糖精时，给它们注射了导致肠胃不适的药物，因此老鼠把二者联系起来，回避糖精。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“它们不喜欢糖精的味道”，由推断可知老鼠把糖精和肠胃不适联系在一起，因此对糖精感到厌恶，该选项属于本末倒置；

B选项“它会影响它们的免疫系统”，文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。”由此可知，是这种药物会影响老鼠的免疫系统而不是糖精，该选项属于张冠李戴；

C选项“它会导致胃痛”，文中提到“通过同时给老鼠喂食甜味剂，并给它们注射一种药物，这种药物会抑制老鼠的免疫系统，导致它们胃部不适。”由此可知是这种药物导