考研考博-英语-三明学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三明学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

1.根据牛顿的发现,白光是所有可见光叠加而成的。这就是加色概念的典型例子。例如去掉蓝色色调,白光就会变为黄色,还有其他例子等等。然而当把颜料的所有颜色混合,我们会得到黑色,这就是典型的减色理论,黑色代表所有颜色都存在。加色是透射光的领域的概念,减色是色素、染料和化学品的领域的概念。

2.但是我们对创新的追求究竟是为了实现什么呢?创新就是一种重要的新产品或者新程序,或者是一项制度,能够在实际生活中大范围的应用,对经济和社会有着革命性的意义,就是以更低成本实现更高的工作效益。遗憾的是我们现在几乎把一切事情都用创新来形容,因为不是所有创新都能给社会财富的増长和生活的改善提供一个长久的平台。

3.睡眠问题研究者发现,总的来说,大多数人都是随着年龄的增加,睡眠问题却越来越少,上了年纪的人反而对失眠有更好的承受力。睡眠模式的大多改变都发生在20岁到60岁之间。那些经历着睡眠问题的人,应该去看医生才好。因为他们经历的问题也许是某种生病的迹象,也许是一些药物的副作用。

ChooseONLYONEtextformthefollowingandtranslateitintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovidedifmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.AccordingtoNewton,whitelightissuperimposedbyallthepartsofthevisiblespectrum.Thisisatypicalexampleofadditivecolorconcept.Forexample,takeawaythebluehues,andawhitelightwillbecomeyellow,andsoon.However,whenwecombineeverycolorofpaints,wewillgetblack.Thatissubtractivecolortheory,inwhichblackrepresentsthepresenceofallcolors.Addictivecoloristherealmoftransmittedlight,whilesubtractivecoloristherealmofpigments,dyesandchemicals.

2.Butwhatshouldourpursuitofinnovationactuallyaccomplish?Innovationisanimportantnewproduct,newprocess,orperhapsaregulation.Itcanbeappliedonalargescaleinreallife,whichhasasignificantimpactoneconomyandsociety,andthatmeanslowercostforhigherbenefit.Regrettably,wenowuse“innovation”todescribealmostanything,becausenotallinnovationscancreatealong-lastingplatformfortherisingofsocialwealthandtheimprovingoflife.

3.Sleepingproblemresearchersfoundthat,tosumup,mostpeoplehadfewersleepingproblemsastheygrewolder,andolderpeoplehadabettertoleranceforsleepdeprivation.Mostchangesinsleeppatternsoccurredbetweentheagesof20and60.Thosepeoplewhoexperiencesleepingproblemsthatmaybesignsofillnessorsideeffectsofmedicationshouldseeadoctor.

2.单选题

Weareto（）10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.

问题1选项

A.turnin

B.turnout

C.turnup

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】turnin"交上,归还";turnout"证明是,结果是,生产";turnup"出现,发生";turnto"变成,求助于"。句意:我们计划明年生产一万台电脑以满足市场的需求。turnout在这里是生产的意思,所以选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

问题1选项

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项spokesman“发言人；代言人”；B选项demagogue“煽动者；煽动家；煽动政治家”；C选项representative“代表；典型；众议员；销售代表”；D选项politician“政治家”。句意：他被指控为一名……，因为他的承诺在听众中激起了无用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners（在他的听众中激起了无用的希望）可知B选项与其意思对应正确，结合此处语境，B选项正确。

4.单选题

Forreasonsyettobefullyunderstood,oneoutoftenhumanbeingsintheworldisleft-handed,andfromonegenerationtothenext,thisratioisroughlypreserved.Asweknow,left-handednesscutsacrosssocioeconomic,ethnic,andgenderlines.Yetthroughouthistoryprominentfiguresinscience—tosaynothingofreligion—haveidentifiedinleft-handednesssignsofviciousnessorworse.In1903,ItalianphysicianCesareLombrosoidentifiedleft-handednessasoneofthedegeneracysignsoftheborncriminals.Threeyearslater,Dr.WilhelmFliesssuggestedthatleft-handednesswasareliableidentificationofhomosexuality.Andin1937BritishpsychologistCyrilBurtdeclaredleft-handednesstobeamarkofanill-organizednervoussystem.

Asdemonstratedbyallthe“therapeutic”coercionthatleft-handedchildrenweresubjectedtoduringthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,thesebiaseshadmorethanjustatheoreticalimpact.Yetevenwhenthisgauchepredilectionwasbeingdiscouraged,handismwascertainlynevertakenasseriouslyasracismorsexismnowis.Perhapsit’sthearbitrarynatureofthetraitthathasmilitatedagainstmeaningfuldiscrimination.Afterall,evenwhenbothparentsareright-handed,thereisstilla10percentchancethattheywillbringaleft-handedbabyintotheworld.Moreover,awhitebabyborninScaresdaleisjustaslikelytobeleft-handedasablackbabyinHardem.Hencewhentheleft-handedGeorgeBushbecamePresidentoftheUnitedStates,itwashardlyinterpretedasablowagainstprejudice.NorwasmuchattentionpaidtothefactthatRonaldReaganandGeraldFordwerealsosouthpaws.

36.Left-handednessis______.

37.Accordingtothepassage,left-handedness______.

38.Theword“handism”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.

39.Theword“southpaws”attheendofthepassagemeans______.

40.Judgingfromthecontext,Scaresdaleisaplaceinhabitedby______.

问题1选项

A.athingthatiscultivated

B.athingthatoccursbypurechance

C.athingofgeneticinheritance

D.athingthatoccursmoreinprominentfigures

问题2选项

A.isdiscouragedbutnotdiscriminatedagainst

B.hascauseddiscriminationasseriousassexismandracism

C.isasubjectthathasdrawnmoreandmoreattention

D.isanadvantageinrunningforpublicoffice

问题3选项

A.beingskillfulwithone’shands

B.qualityofbeingconvenient

C.discriminationagainstleft-handedpeople

D.encouragementtousebothhandsinsteadofone

问题4选项

A.aboxerfromthesouth

B.apoliticianfromasouthernstate

C.apersonwithextraordinarilylargehands

D.aleft-handedperson

问题5选项

A.whitepeople

B.blackpeople

C.mixedraces

D.richpeople

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】36.【选项释义】

36.Left-handednessis______.36.左撇子是______。

A.athingthatiscultivatedA.需要后天培养的

B.athingthatoccursbypurechanceB.一种纯属偶然的现象

C.athingofgeneticinheritanceC.一种遗传现象

D.athingthatoccursmoreinprominentfiguresD.多出现在杰出人物身上

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第三和第四句“也许是这种特征的随意性（arbitrarynature）阻碍了有意义的歧视。毕竟，即使父母都是右撇子，他们生下左撇子婴儿的几率仍有10%。”，理解可知，左撇子并不受遗传影响，从arbitrarynature（随意性）可以看出，左撇子是偶然发生的。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“需要后天培养的”从原文可知，左撇子是天生的，该项反向干扰；

C选项“一种遗传现象”也与原文相反，反向干扰；

D选项“多出现在杰出人物身上”从第一段第二句“我们知道，左撇子跨越了社会经济、种族和性别的界限”可以看出，左撇子在所有的社会、人种和性别中都有，并不是在杰出人物中更多，所以该项曲解原文。

37.【选项释义】

37.Accordingtothepassage,left-handedness______.37.根据文章，左撇子______。

A.isdiscouragedbutnotdiscriminatedagainstA.是不被鼓励的，但不是被歧视的

B.hascauseddiscriminationasseriousassexismandracismB.已经造成了像性别歧视和种族歧视一样严重的歧视

C.isasubjectthathasdrawnmoreandmoreattentionC.是一个越来越受到关注的话题

D.isanadvantageinrunningforpublicofficeD.是竞选公职的一个优势

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】从第二段中的第二和第三句“然而，即使这种笨拙的偏好被劝阻时，它从来没有像现在的种族主义或性别歧视那样被严肃对待。也许是这种特征的随意性阻碍了有意义的歧视。”，从中可知，左撇子并没有受到歧视，只是生活中有些气馁。所以A选项“是不被鼓励的，但不是被歧视的”符合题干。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“已经造成了像性别歧视和种族歧视一样严重的歧视”和C选项“是一个越来越受到关注的话题”与原文表述并不符合，曲解原文；

D选项“是竞选公职的一个优势”文中未提及，无中生有。

38.【选项释义】

38.Theword“handism”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans______.38.第二段中的“handism”一词很可能是______的意思。

A.beingskillfulwithone’shandsA.双手灵巧

B.qualityofbeingconvenientB.方便的特点

C.discriminationagainstleft-handedpeopleC.对左撇子的歧视

D.encouragementtousebothhandsinsteadofoneD.鼓励人们用两只手而不是一只手

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位到第二段第二句“handism从来没有像现在的种族主义或性别歧视那样被严肃对待（handismwascertainlynevertakenasseriouslyasracismorsexism）”，从中可知handism是与racism和sexism类似的构词法，而racism和sexism都是表示歧视的意思，所以推测handism也表示“对使用左手的歧视”。C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A选项“双手灵巧”、B选项“方便的特点”和D选项“鼓励人们用两只手而不是一只手”都与原文不符，无中生有。

39.【选项释义】

39.Theword“southpaws”attheendofthepassagemeans______.39.文章最后的单词“southpaws”的意思是______。

A.aboxerfromthesouthA.来自南方的拳击手

B.apoliticianfromasouthernstateB.一位来自南部州的政治家

C.apersonwithextraordinarilylargehandsC.手特别大的人

D.aleft-handedpersonD.一个左撇子的人

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章最后一句“罗纳德•里根和杰拉尔德•福特也是（werealso）southpaws，这一点也没有引起太多关注”，从werealso可以看出，这一句是上一句的承接句，表示和上一句相同的意思；根据上一句内容“因此，当左撇子（left-handed）乔治•布什成为美国总统时，很难被理解为是对偏见的打击”，综合理解可知，southpaws是left-handed的意思。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“来自南方的拳击手”和C选项“手特别大的人”文中没有提及，无中生有；

B选项“一位来自南部州的政治家”对原文表述不符，曲解原文。

40.【选项释义】

40.Judgingfromthecontext,Scaresdaleisaplaceinhabitedby______.40.从文章来看，斯卡斯代尔是______居住的地方。

A.whitepeopleA.白人

B.blackpeopleB.黑人

C.mixedracesC.混合种族

D.richpeopleD.富人

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词Scaresdale定位到第二段倒数第三句“此外，出生在斯卡斯代尔的白人婴儿和出生在哈德姆的黑人婴儿一样，都有可能是左撇子”，从中可知，斯卡斯代尔是白人居住的地方，而哈德姆是黑人居住的地方。因此，该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“黑人”是居住在哈德姆，而不是斯卡斯代尔，张冠李戴；

C选项“混合种族”和D选项“富人”没提及，无中生有。

5.单选题

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis（

）.

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

（

）.

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

（

）.

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin（

）.

问题1选项

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

问题2选项

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

问题3选项

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

问题4选项

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

问题5选项

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening（这些视觉错觉之所以出现，是因为大脑不断地将身体的信号与现实情况相匹配，并解释即将发生的事情）可知C选项“在大脑中解释即将发生的事情”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors（在理想条件下，每个视锥都能“看到”整个彩虹光谱的可见色）可知选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.（视杆和视锥沿着视觉神经以平均20到25次的脉冲传递信息）可知D选项“沿视觉神经”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.（我们看到一个图像的时间比它实际出现的时间要长一秒。在电影中，静止的图像以每秒24帧的速度投射到屏幕上，使我们的眼睛误以为看到的是一幅连续不断运动的画面）可知A选项“我们看到的图像通常比实际显示的要长”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了视网膜中的视杆和视锥细胞，视杆细胞主要负责夜视，视锥细胞主要负责颜色，因此B选项“告诉我们眼睛器官的不同功能”符合题意。

6.单选题

Hadtheexplosionbrokenout,thepassengersintheplaneshouldhavebeenkilled,foritwas（

）timedwiththeplane'stake-off.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.instantaneously

C.simultaneously

D.conscientiously

【答案】C

【解析】副词辨析题。A选项的spontaneously“自发地，非筹划安排地”；B选项的instantaneously“即刻，突如其来地”；C选项的simultaneously“同时地”；D选项的conscientiously“凭良心地，认真地，负责尽职地”。根据句意‘如果炸弹爆炸，飞机上的乘客就会被炸身亡。因为这是一个与飞机起飞同步的定时爆炸的炸弹’确定C选项正确。

7.翻译题

航天是当今世界最具挑战性和广泛带动性的高科技领域之一，航天活动深刻改变了人类对宇宙的认知，为人类社会进步提供了重要动力。当前，越来越多的国家，包括广大发展中国家将发展航天作为重要战略选择，世界航天活动呈现蓬勃发展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

8.单选题

Theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal（）.

问题1选项

A.consideration

B.judgment

C.estimate

D.plan

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。consideration“考虑;报酬”;judgment“判断,辨别力”;estimate“估计,判断”。句意:这座建筑物的实际成本比我们原来的估计高得多。选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

Astheyenteredthevillageshop,theoldladybehindthecounter________atthemkindly.

问题1选项

A.beamed

B.glared

C.grimaced

D.peeped

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。beamatsb.“对某人微笑”；glareatsb.“盯着某人；怒视某人”；grimace“扮鬼脸”；peepat“偷窥”。句意：当他们走进乡村小店时，柜台后面的老妇人朝他们友好地微笑。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Althoughfamilyaffairsarethoughttobe（）,manypubliclawsaffectingallofusarebasedonwhatisthoughttobecorrectbehavioroffamilymembers.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.delicate

C.ordinary

D.private

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。complicated复杂的;delicate微妙的,精致的;ordinary普通的,平凡的;private私人的,私有的,秘密的。句意：虽然家庭事务被认为是私密的,但许多影响我们所有人的公共法律都是建立在家庭成员的正确行为之上的。选项D符合句意。

11.单选题

Inthepastfortyyears,weatherforecastinghasbecomealmost（）computerized.

问题1选项

A.centrally

B.totally

C.nationally

D.extremely

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项centrally“在中心”；B选项totally“完全地”；C选项nationally“全国性地”D选项extremely“非常，极其”。句意：在过去的四十年里，天气预报已经几乎完全计算机化了。因此B项符合句意。

12.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,_______theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.Buttheyareharmfultoenvironment.

问题1选项

A.byvirtueof

B.inadditionto

C.forthesakeof

D.asopposedto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项byvirtueof“由于”；B选项inadditionto“除……之外（还有，也）”；C选项forthesakeof“为了……的利益”；D选项asopposedto“与……截然相反”。句意：塑料袋虽然_______干净、韧性强和成本低，可以盛装很多种食物，但是对环境有害。根据语境，这里指塑料袋因为干净等特点，所以可以盛装食物，所以byvirtueof“由于”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

13.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普罗慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫宁根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【参考译文】

香蕉作为一项重大收入来源，同时又是数百万人的营养供给源，因此巴拿马病毒成为当前的一个大问题。全球盛产香蕉的国家有135个。联合国将香蕉，水稻，小麦和玉米列为最重要的作物。香蕉还富含一种能使人感到愉悦的化学物质。

42.【参考译文】

普罗慈说如果疾病扩散至拉丁美洲，它将威胁到世界经济以及数百万人的食品供应。他说，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亚科学家们正研究可抵御巴拿马疾病的转基因香蕉，但是普罗慈认为人们是否能接受转基因香蕉仍然是一个问题。

43.【参考译文】

荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员正在寻找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品种，这是一项艰巨的工作。研究人员表示，新品种香蕉需抵抗巴拿马疾病并能经得起长时间运输。因为香蕉需运输到几千公里外的市场。当然，得尝起来美味。

14.问答题

Toattractcapital,smallbanksarealwayswillingtoraisetheirdepositratestothehigherendof

A

B

thegovernment-setbandtoattractcapital,whilebigplayersusuallykeeptheirratesata

C

D

discountof10percent.

【答案】试题答案：B;upperend

【解析】考查词义。higherend意为“高端”，表示等级、档次等较高的；upperend意为“上端”，

theupperendgovernment-setband此处表示“政府设置的上线值”。

15.单选题

Membersofaristocracydon’t______agreatdealofpowernowadays.

问题1选项

A.wield

B.manipulated

C.manage

D.sway

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项wield“使用，行使”，B项manipulate“操纵，操作，巧妙地处理”，C项manage“管理，经营，控制”，D项sway“影响，统治，使摇动”。空格处前面有助动词do，所以后面的动词应该用动词原形，排除B选项；宾语是power，只有wieldpower“掌握权利”符合语境。句意：现在贵族成员没有多少权力。因此，该题选择A项正确。

16.单选题

Theareaaroundthemainrailroadstationandexhibitionhalloffersan（）combinationofancienthistoryandnaturalhistory.

问题1选项

A.arrogant

B.agreeable

C.ambitious

D.innocent

【答案】B

【解析】arrogant自大的,傲慢的；agreeable令人愉快的,和蔼可亲的；ambitious野心勃勃的；innocent无知的。句意：主火车站和展览馆周围的区域呈现出古代历史和自然历史的完美结合。根据句意这里应填入的为褒义词,所以选项B符合语境。

17.单选题

In1979theCatholicChurchfinallyforgivesGalileoforclaimingthattheEarthandotherplanetrevolvedaroundthesun.In1633theexaminersattheMinervaChurchinRomehadfoundGalileoguiltyofheresy,spreadingfalsebeliefs.

Galileowassixty-eightyearsoldatthetimeofhistrialandwasill.Aftertwodaysofcontinuousquestioningandthetreatoftorture,Galileo,confessedtoheresyandkneeledbeforetheexaminers,sayingforalltoherethathistheorieshadbeenwrong.ThejudgecouldhavehadGalileoburnedatthestakeforhisbeliefs,butbecausehehadconfessed,theywerelenientwiththeastronomer.Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.

ForyearGalileohadbelievedthatearliertheorythatthestartrevolvedaroundtheEarth,wasincorrect,buthekeptoutofrespectfortheChurch.Hehadneverfinishedhisuniversitystudiesinmathematicsbecausehehadrunoutofmoney,buthisbrilliantworkasastudentallowedhimtoteach.Heprovedheuniformeffectofgravityinseriesofbrilliantcalculations,forexample,notbydroppingafeatherandacannonballfromtheLearningTowerofPisa,hishomecity,asiscommonlythought.

In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.Usingthetelescopetotesthismathematicalcalculations,healsodiscoveredJupiter’smoons,thefeaturesofEarth’smoon,andthestructureoftheMilkyWay.Butwhilewatchingthemovementofsunspots,hebecameconvinced,onceandforall,thattheearlierastronomer,Copernicus,wasright:theEarthandotherplanetsorbitedaroundthesun.TheEarthwanoneofmanyplanets,andnotthecenteroftheuniverse.GalileobegantopressforpermissionfromChurchtowriteabouthistheoriesoftheworldandin1642hereceivedpermission.

Hisgreatestbook,contrastingthetwosystems,waswrittenandpublishedeightyearslater.DialogueConcerningtheTwoWorldSystemswasquicklyseenasalandmarkscientificwork,bothforitsideasanditsfluewriting.ButtheChurchmeantimehaditsownproblemswiththeProtestantReformation.ChurchleadersnowconsideredGalileo’sworkdangerousandrevolutionary.A"document"wasfoundthatcontradictedthepermissionGalileothoughhehadobtainedtowriteabouthistheories.Galileowasthenarrestedandplacedbeforetheinquisition.Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome.Heretainedconvincedthathehadalwaysbeenfight.

Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.ThefindingsofthejudgesatGalileo'strialwerenotreversed,eventhoughtheirprecisefindinghadbeenthattheastronomerwas"Vehementlysuspectofheresy."Thefindingsofanyinquisition,eventheGalileocourtaswellasnotoriousSpanishInquisition―mustbeflowedtostand,atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy.Butin1979,PopeJohnPauladdressedtheAugustPontificalScienceAcademyintheVaticanandofferedapologytoGalileo:"ThegreatnessofGalileo,likethatofEinstein,isknowntoall.Buttheformerhadtosuffergreatly;wecannothideit,fromChurchinstitutionsandmen."

Thepurposeofthispassageisto（

）.

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat

（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhat

（

）.

Theauthor’stoneis（

）.

问题1选项

A.discusswhytheCatholicChurchpersecutedGalileo

B.provideashortbiographyofGalileo

C.discussthetwotheoriesofthesolarsystem

D.showhowsciencehasprogressedoverthelastthreehundredyears

问题2选项

A.Galileowasheldprisonerinhishomefornineyears.

B.theCatholicChurchhasnotacceptedGalileo'stheoryofthesolarsystem.

C.Galileoinventedthetelescope.

D.theProtestantsconductedtheInquisition.

问题3选项

A.theCatholicChurchstillbelieverstheEarthisthecenteroftheuniverse.

B.Galileo'stheoryhasbeenprovedincorrectinmodemtimes.

C.theInquisitionseldomdealtharshlywithpeoplewhocamebeforeit.

D.theCatholicChurchwasmoreconcernedwithmaintainingthestatusquointhe17thcenturythanthetruthaboutGalileo'stheory.

问题4选项

A.negative

B.objective

C.sarcastic

D.satirical

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了伽利略为“日心说”做出的努力以及遭受的追害，所以B选项“对伽利略的人生经历进行了简要的介绍”正确;A选项“讨论天主教迫害伽利略的原因”是对文章细节的表述；C选项“对两种不同的太阳系理论进行讨论”和D选项“表明在过去的三百年中科学是怎样发展的”没有在文章中提及。

细节事实题。根据文章第一段和第二段第四句“Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.”“他们将其判以终生监禁，但很快就改判为软禁家中，如此结束了伽利略的教学生涯”可知伽利略于1633年被软禁在家中，然后根据文章第五段的倒数第二句“Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome”“伽利略于1642年在家中与世长辞，那时他仍处在软禁期间”可知伽利略被软禁在自己家中长达9年，所以A选项正确。根据文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教终于承认伽利略日心说的正确性”确定B选项“天主教没有接受伽利略的日心说”表述错误；根据第四段第一句“In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.”确定C选项“伽利略发明了望远镜’错误；D选项“新教徒执行审讯”没有在文章中提及。

细节事实题。根据文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后，天主教终于承认伽利略日心说的正确性”确定A选项“天主教仍然相信地球是宇宙的中心”错误；B选项“在现代，伽利略的理论被证明是错误的”没有在文章中体现并且根据常识也可以判断该选项是错误的；根据文章最后一段第三句“...atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy”“部分原因是因为那些被指控为异端邪说的人最终都被判以死刑”确定C选项“审讯很少对被指控的人处以残酷的刑罚”表示错误；根据文章对伽利略经历的介绍可知在17世纪时天主教为了维护现状，不承认伽利略的理论，所以D选项正确。

观点态度题。作者客观地介绍了伽利略为“日心说”所付出的努力和天主教的态度和做法，所以B选项“客观的”正确。

18.单选题

InWesterncountriespeoplehavebeenusingtheinstallment(分期付款)sincethefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.（1）indicatethatmorethan60percentoftheyearlyretailsales(零售)intheU.S.arecredittransaction.Aboutthreefourthsofthecreditsalesaremadeontheinstallmentplan.Morethanhalfoftheautomobiles,（2）,andhouse-holdappliancesarepurchasedontheinstallmentplan.

Manyfamiliescansaveenoughtomakemajorpurchases;（3）,theyareabletopurchaseswithoutcashontheinstallmentplan.Thepriceofgoodsboughtinthiswayisalways（4）thanthepricethatwouldbepaid（5）cash.Thereisachargeforinterest.Thebuyerwillhavetopayaproport