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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西师范大学现代文理学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,(

)byhand,wouldhavelostallpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.

问题1选项

A.hadtheybeendone

B.theyhadbeendone

C.havingbeendone

D.theyweredone

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果用手进行数百万次的计算,到结束时就已经失去了意义。

语法题。考查倒装。由句意以及wouldhavelost…推断此句应采用If引导的非真实条件句表示虚拟,而且表示与过去事实相反的假设。因此应该是iftheyhadbeendonebyhand,当省略if后需采用倒装结构,即Hadtheybeendonebyhand。

2.单选题

MissRosemaryAdangwentthroughthecompositioncarefullyto()allerrorsfromit.

问题1选项

A.eliminate

B.terminate

C.illuminate

D.alleviate

【答案】A

【解析】同形词辨析题。eliminate“排除;消除”;terminate“结束;终结”;illuminate“照亮”;alleviate“减轻;缓和”,“仔细地浏览作文”的目的是“排除错误”,符合逻辑,所以此处应该使用动词eliminate,故正确答案为选项A。句意为:罗斯玛丽亚当小姐仔细地浏览作文,以排除所有错误。

3.单选题

In1900theUnitedStateshadonlythreecitieswithmorethanamillionresidents-NewYork,Chicago,andPhiladelphia.By1930,ithadtengiantmetropolises.Theneweronesexperiencedremarkablegrowth,whichreflectedbasicchangesintheeconomy.

LineThepopulationofLosAngeles(114,000in1900)rosespectacularlyintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury,increasingadramatic1,400percentfrom1900to1930.AnumberofcircumstancescontributedtothemeteoricriseofLosAngeles.Theagriculturalpotentialoftheareawasenormousifwaterforirrigationcouldbefound,andthecityfoundershadthevisionanddatingtoobtainitbyconstructinga225-mileaqueduct,completedin1913,totapthewateroftheOwensRiver.Thecityhadasuperbnaturalharbor,aswellasexcellentrailconnections.Theclimatemadeitpossibletoshootmotionpicturesyear-round;henceHollywood.Hollywoodnotonlysuppliedjobs;itdisseminatedanimageofthegoodlifeinSouthernCaliforniaonscreensallacrossthenation.ThemostimportantsingleindustrypoweringthegrowthofLosAngeles,however,wasdirectlylinkedtotheautomobile.ThedemandforpetroleumtofuelgasolineenginesledtotheopeningoftheSouthernCaliforniaoilfields,andmadeLosAngelesNorthAmerica'sgreatestrefiningcenter.

LosAngeleswasaproductoftheautoageinanothersenseaswell:itsdistinctivespatialorganizationdependedonwidespreadprivateownershipofautomobiles.LosAngeleswasadecentralizedmetropolis,sprawlingacrossthedesertlandscapeoveranareaof400squaremiles.Itwasacitywithoutarealcenter.Thedowntownbusinessdistrictdidnotgrowapacewiththecityasawhole,andtherapidtransitsystemdesignedtolinkthecenterwithoutlyingareaswitheredawayfromdisuse.Approximately800,000carswereregisteredinLosAngelesCountyin1930,oneper2.7residents.SomevisitorsfromtheeastcoastweredismayedattheendlessurbansprawlanddismissedLosAngelesasamerecollectionofsuburbsinsearchofacity.Butthefreedomandmobilityofacitybuiltonwheelsattractedfloodsofmigrantstothecity.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.TheauthorcharacterizesthegrowthofnewlargecitiesintheUnitedStatesafter1900asresultingprimarilyfrom()

3.Theword"meteoric"inline6isclosestinmeaningto()

4.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofagriculturearoundLosAngeleswasthe()

5.ThevisitorsfromtheeastcoastmentionedinthepassagethoughtthatLosAngeles()

问题1选项

A.ThegrowthofcitiesintheUnitedStatesintheearly1900's.

B.ThedevelopmentoftheSouthernCaliforniaoilfields.

C.FactorscontributingtothegrowthofLosAngeles.

D.IndustryandcityplanninginLosAngeles.

问题2选项

A.neweconomicconditions

B.imagesofcitiesshowninmovies

C.newagriculturaltechniques

D.alargemigrantpopulation

问题3选项

A.rapid

B.famous

C.controversial

D.methodical

问题4选项

A.influxof"newresidentstoagriculturalareasnearthecity

B.constructionofanaqueduct

C.expansionoftransportationfacilities

D.developmentofnewconnectionstothecity'snaturalharbor

问题5选项

A.wasnotaccuratelyportrayedbyHollywoodimages

B.lackedgoodsuburbanareasinwhichtolive

C.hadanexcessivelylargepopulation

D.wasnotreallyasinglecity

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:通读全文,以及第二段的第三句Anumberof...LosAngeles.可知,本文主要讲的是许多因素促成了洛杉矶的发展。选项C正确。

第2题:根据第一段的最后一句可知,1990年以后,美国大城市的迅速发展主要是由于经济发生了变化,选项A符合原文。

第3题:根据上下文,人口和经济都在以惊人的速度在增长,下文对洛杉矶各个方面的描述也可以看出,这种增长是快速的,所以选项A更贴近原文。

第4题:根据第二段的第三句“Theagriculturalpotential...theOwensRiver”如果能找到灌溉用水,这个地区的农业潜力是巨大的。城市建造者们通过建造一条225英里长的沟渠来获取水资源。所以,发展洛杉矶农业的重要因素就是建造沟渠。选项B正确。

第5题:根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Somevisitors...ofacity.”一些来自东海岸的游客对无休止的城市扩张感到沮丧,他们认为洛杉矶只不过是郊区的集合。所以选项D正确。

4.单选题

Inadivorce,themotherusuallyisgranted()ofherchildren.

问题1选项

A.support

B.retention

C.perseverance

D.custody

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项support“支持;供养;支持者”;B选项retention“保留;扣留,滞留”;C选项perseverance“坚持不懈;不屈不挠”;D选项custody“保管;监护;拘留;抚养权”。句意:在离婚中,母亲通常获得子女的抚养权。由关键词“divorce离婚”可知“抚养权”符合语境,因此D选项正确。

5.单选题

Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.

Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.

1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean().

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas().

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit().

5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe().

问题1选项

A.unaffectedby

B.hurtby

C.unlikelytobeseenby

D.unknownby

问题2选项

A.unrealistic

B.traditional

C.concerned

D.hysterical

问题3选项

A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

问题4选项

A.isagainstthelaw

B.canmakesomepeopleirritable

C.isanuisance

D.isadangertopeople’shealth

问题5选项

A.unimportant

B.impossible

C.awasteofmoney

D.essential

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据“immuneto”定位至其后面一句:Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds(尽管我们似乎通过忽视噪音来适应噪音,但实际上,耳朵永远不会关闭,身体仍然会做出反应),由此推断我们不可能不受噪音的影响,选项A"unaffectedby”表示“不受影响”。

2.文章最后一段提出:为什么人们没有对噪音问题更为警醒,并且后面给出了若干猜测的理由,都指出了人们对噪音问题不够重视,说明作者十分关注噪音对人类的健康产生的影响,因此C项正确。

3.文章第一段和最后一段的大意为:噪音已经成为一个普遍的问题,但是人们并没有重视噪音对人体健康产生的危害。选项C表示“噪音是一个主流问题,但并没有被充分意识到”符合题意。

4.文章指出:噪音会对人体的身心健康产生危害,并且围绕这一点展开,因此D选项“对人们的健康是一种威胁”符合题意。

5.最后一段指出:人们对噪音对健康的危害不够重视,并且噪音和疾病以及残疾之间的关系并没有得到证实,由此推断,作者认为对噪音的研究是有必要的,可以以此唤醒人们对此的注意,故选项Dessential“有必要的”符合题意。

6.单选题

Modernmanufacturers,whoneedreliablesourcesofmaterialsandtechnologicallyadvancedcomponentstooperateprofitably,faceanincreasinglydifficultchoicebetweenowningtheproducersoftheseitems(apracticeknownasbackwardintegration)andbuyingfromindependentproducers.Manufacturerswhointegratemayreapshort-termrewards,buttheyoftenrestricttheirfuturecapacityforinnovativeproductdevelopment.

Backwardintegrationremovestheneedforsomepurchasingandmarketingfunctions,centralizesoverhead,andpermitsmanufacturerstoeliminateduplicatedeffortsinresearchanddevelopment.Wherecomponentsarecommodities(ferrousmetalsorpetroleum,forexample),backwardintegrationalmostcertainlyprofits.Nevertheless,becauseproductinnovationmeansadoptingthemosttechnologicallyadvancedandcost-effectivewaysofmakingcomponents,backwardintegrationmayentailaseriousriskforatechnologicallyactivecompany—forexample,aproducerofsophisticatedconsumerelectronics.

Acompanythatdecidestomakeratherthanbuyimportantpartscanlockitselfintoanoutdatedtechnology.Independentsuppliersmaybeunwillingtoshareinnovationswithassemblerswithwhomtheyarecompeting.Moreover,whenanassemblersetsouttomasterthetechnologyofproducingadvancedcomponents,theresultingdemandsonitsresourcesmaycompromiseitsabilitytoassemblethesecomponentssuccessfullyintoendproducts.Long-termcontractswithsupplierscanachievemanyofthesamecostbenefitsasbackwardintegrationwithoutcompromisingacompany’sabilitytoinnovate.

However,movingawayfrombackwardintegrationisnotacompletesolutioneither.Developinginnovativetechnologiesrequiresindependentsuppliersofcomponentstoinvesthugesumsinresearchanddevelopment.Theresultinglowprofitmarginsonthesaleofcomponentsthreatenthelong-termfinancialstabilityofthesefirms.Becausetheabilityofend-productassemblerstorespondtomarketopportunitiesdependsheavilyonsuppliersofcomponents,assemblersareoftenforcedtointegratebypurchasingthesuppliersofcomponentsjusttokeeptheirsuppliersinbusiness.

1.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarebenefitsassociatedwithbackwardintegrationEXCEPT().

2.Accordingtopassage,whenanassemblerbuysafirmthatmakessomeimportantcomponentoftheendproductthattheassemblerproduces,independentsuppliersofthesamecomponentmay().

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewaythelastparagraphfunctionsinthecontextofthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingrelationshipsbetweenprofitsandinvestmentsinresearchanddevelopmentholdstrueforproducersoftechnologicallyadvancedcomponents?

问题1选项

A.improvementinthemanagementofoverheadexpenses

B.enhancementofprofitmarginsonsalesofcomponents

C.simplificationofpurchasingandmarketingoperations

D.reliabilityofasourceofnecessarycomponents

问题2选项

A.withholdtechnologicalinnovationsfromtheassembler

B.experienceimprovedprofitmarginsonsalesoftheirproducts

C.lowertheirpricestoprotectthemselvesfromcompetition

D.sufferfinancialdifficultiesandgooutofbusiness

问题3选项

A.Thelastinaseriesofargumentssupportingthecentralargumentofthepassageispresented.

B.Aviewpointispresentedwhichqualifiesonepresentedearlierinthepassage.

C.Evidenceispresentedinsupportoftheargumentdevelopedintheprecedingparagraph.

D.Questionsarisingfromtheearlierdiscussionareidentifiedaspointsofdepartureforfurtherstudyofthetopic.

问题4选项

A.Modestinvestmentsarerequiredandtheprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarelow.

B.Modestinvestmentsarerequiredbuttheprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarequitehigh.

C.Despitethehugeinvestmentsthatarerequired,theprofitmarginsoncomponentssalesarehigh.

D.Becausehugeinvestmentsarerequired,theprofitmarginsoncomponentsalesarelow.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节题。根据文章第二段第一句“Backwardintegrationremovestheneedforsomepurchasingandmarketingfunctions,centralizesoverhead,andpermitsmanufacturerstoeliminateduplicatedeffortsinresearchanddevelopment.”,可知“向后一体化”消除了一些采购和营销工作的需要,集中了运营费用,并允许制造商消除研究和开发中的重复工作。所以A项“改进运营费用的管理”属于“向后一体化”带来的好处,排除A;C项“简化采购和运营工作”属于好处之一,排除C;又根据文章第一段“Modernmanufacturers,whoneedreliablesourcesofmaterialsandtechnologicallyadvancedcomponentstooperateprofitably,faceanincreasinglydifficultchoicebetweenowningtheproducersoftheseitems(apracticeknownasbackwardintegration)andbuyingfromindependentproducers.”,可知当代制造商需要可靠的材料来源和先进的技术零件才能盈利,他们面临着一个艰难的抉择:是选择拥有属于自己的原材料生产者,也就是所谓的“向后一体化”,还是向独立的生产商购买原材料。所以“向后一体化”可以保证必要元件的可靠来源,排除D;综上,选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第三段第二句“Independentsuppliersmaybeunwillingtoshareinnovationswithassemblerswithwhomtheyarecompeting.”,独立的供应商可能不愿意与他们竞争的装配商分享创新成果。可推断出当装配商买下给他们提供生产最终产品的一些重要元件的公司时,此元件独立的供应商不会与装配商分享创新成果,从而抑制了装配商的创新,所以选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章最后一段第一句“However,movingawayfrombackwardintegrationisnotacompletesolutioneither.”,可知文章最后一段主要提到摒弃向后一体化的策略也不会是一个完整的解决方案,下文对这个观点进行了详细的说明。而作者在上文也反复提到了向后一体化的优点,比如改进运营费用的管理、简化采购和运营工作等,所以上下文形成对应关系。最后一段提出的观点进一步证明了上文提出的某些观点,所以选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段第二句和第三句“Developinginnovativetechnologiesrequiresindependentsuppliersofcomponentstoinvesthugesumsinresearchanddevelopment.Theresultinglowprofitmarginsonthesaleofcomponentsthreatenthelong-termfinancialstabilityofthesefirms.”,开发创新技术需要独立的零部件供应商投入巨额资金进行研发。由此导致的零部件销售的低利润率威胁着这些公司的长期财务稳定。可推断出对于高科技元件生产商来说,由于需要大量的投资,所以零部件销售的利润会降低。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodobecauseshewas______byallthenoiseandthetalkingintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.exasperated

B.aggregated

C.perturbed

D.assailed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项exasperate“激怒,使恼怒”,B项aggregate“集合,聚集”,C项perturb“扰乱,使……混乱”,D项assail“攻击,质问”。由Theyoungmathteachergaveherstudentsextraworktodo(这位年轻的数学老师给她的学生布置了额外的作业)和noiseandthetalkingintheclassroom(教室里的噪音和讲话声),结合常识,可知空格处填入A项符合。句意:这位年轻的数学老师给她的学生布置了额外的作业,因为她被教室里的噪音和讲话声激怒了。因此,该题选择A项。

8.单选题

SwimmersfromtheUniversityofMichigandethronedOhioStateinthenationalcollegiateswimmingchampionships,breakingOhio’sstreakofthreeconsecutivevictories.

问题1选项

A.immense

B.superb

C.marginal

D.continuous

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.immense极大的,巨大的B.superb极佳的,卓越的

C.marginal小的,微不足道的D.continuous不断的,持续的,连续的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】consecutive的意思为“连续不断的”,修饰victories,指的是俄亥俄州立大学连续三次都胜利,continuous与之词义相近,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】密歇根大学的游泳选手们在全国大学生游泳锦标赛中击败了俄亥俄州立大学,打破了俄亥俄州立大学三连胜的纪录。

9.单选题

Britain’spressisunusual()itisdividedintotwoverydifferenttypesofnewspaper:thequalitypressandthepopularpress.

问题1选项

A.inhow

B.inwhat

C.inwhich

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构,可知空格后为原因状语从句,表原因。inthat相当于because,可引导原因状语从句。句意:英国的报纸不同寻常之处在于,它被分为两种截然不同的报纸:严肃报纸和大众报纸。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Expertssaidthatmanyailmentsassociatedwithalossofnormaltissuemaybetreatableinthismanner.

问题1选项

A.symptoms

B.faults

C.risks

D.disorders

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.symptoms症状B.faults责任,过错

C.risks危险,风险D.disorders不适,疾病

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】ailments的意思为“轻病,小恙”,指的是这种方式或许可以治好某些疾病,disorders与之词义相近,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】专家说,许多与正常组织损失相关的疾病或许可以用这种方式治疗。

11.单选题

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

问题1选项

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.substitute代替;取代B.subsidize资助;补助

C.subscribe申请;预订D.subordinate使从属于

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词government和theater,结合四个选项可知,政府对于剧院应该是资助,故该题选择B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多关于政府资助剧院的必要性的讨论。

12.不定项选择题

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniorsfromfeatheringtheirownnestsatexpenseoftheirshareholders.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptions,sothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerican’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheirlead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Insteadhefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidesspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance.

Toassesstheimpactofperformancerelatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithstatesofover$1billionwhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverall-success.

Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?

3.Theword“seduction”(Line1,Para.4)probablymeans().

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

问题1选项

A.Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

问题2选项

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.

问题3选项

A.effortstoconquer

B.attemptstowinover

C.endeavorstoincreaseprofits

D.exertionstounderstand

问题4选项

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

问题5选项

A.Doubtful

B.Optimistic

C.Positive

D.Approving

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由recruitingoutsiders定位到文章第一段第一、二句“Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniors…recruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent”,即美国的公司采用了三种方法来保护股东的利益。聘用更多外部人员也是方法之一。A选项“Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation”意为“使公司的业务多样化”,原文并未提及;B选项“Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors”意为“加强高层管理者与董事会的合作”,原文并未提及;C选项“Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement”意为“推行有效的企业管理改革”,这是手段不是目的;D选项“Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders”意为“保护股东的利益”。因此D选项符合题意。

第2题:事实细节题。由ProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudy定位到文章第三段第二、三句“Onthefaceofit,dismissing…ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal”,从表面上看,从董事会解雇老板的朋友,用外部人士取代他们似乎是一个使高级经理更负责任的完美方法。但这并不是詹姆斯•威斯特法尔教授研究得出的结论。由此可知,实际情况没有达到预期。A选项“Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult”,意为“董事会的改革没有达到预期的结果”,原本改革是为了保护股东的利益,但现在股东需要拉帮结派,收拢外聘者,所以没有达到预期的效果;B选项“Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent”意为“外部董事往往更加独立”,一开始这些股东是独立的,但后来老板们就会建立联盟,从而董事变得不再独立;C选项“Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously”意为“由于董事会里全是外聘者,高级经理们工作起来更加认真”。但这只是Onthefaceofit(表面上),实际上这不是教授得出的结论;D选项“Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms”意为“高层管理人员与董事会的合作因改革受到了影响”,原文并未提及高层管理人员和董事会的合作。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:语义推测题。由seduction定位到文章第四段第一句“Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed”,这些诱惑往往会成功。由原文可知,theseseductions指代的是前文“bosses…spendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders”即老板们花了大量的时间建立联盟,做私人恩情,取悦外人。而这些都是为了把外聘者拉拢过来,加入自己的阵营。A选项“effortstoconquer”意为“努力去战胜”,原文并没有说要战胜谁;B选项“attemptstowinover”意为“企图争取过来”,符合题意;C选项“endeavorstoincreaseprofits”意为“努力提高收益”,前文并没有提及提高收益;D选项“exertionstounderstand”意为“努力去理解”,前文没有理解的相关内容。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:判断推理题。结合选项定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”总之,经理们很快就将每个可想象的公司治理制度转变成对自己有益的制度——而这可能是他们成为管理人员的原因。由此可推测,高层管理人员可能利用了自己的职位来获利。A选项“Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive”意为“一般来说,公司高管的高薪是值得的”,与原文不符,高管们可能通过职位谋取私利所以他们的高薪是否值得不能肯定;B选项“Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits”意为“公司高管的收入与公司利润的增长成正比”,原文并未提及高管的收入与公司利润的关系;C选项“Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves”意为“公司高管往往会利用他们的职位来获利”,与原文相符;D选项“Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders”意为“公司高管的绩效对其自身利益的影响大于对股东利益的影响”,原文并未提及高管的绩效对股东利益的影响。因此C选项符合题意。

第5题:观点态度题。定位到文章最后一段第一句“Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings”总之,经理们很快就将每个可想象的公司治理制度转变成对自己有益的制度——而这可能是他们成为管理人员的原因。由此可推测,高层管理人员可能利用了自己的职位来获利。这说明作者对控制高管所做的努力持怀疑态度,因为高管仍有可能谋取私利。A选项“Doubtful”意为“怀疑的”,符合题意;B选项“Optimistic”意为“乐观的”,与原文不符;C选项“Positive”意为“肯定的”,与原文不符;D选项“Approving”意为“赞成的”,与原文不符。因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Theliberalartseducationasksthatweconfrontourunexaminedworldviewwithhistoricalunderstanding,newtheoriesandintercultural().

问题1选项

A.prospects

B.perspectives

C.aspects

D.respects

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“观点,远景”;aspect“方面,形势”;respect“尊敬,尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我们用历史理解、新理论和跨文化视角来看待我们未经检验的世界观。

根据句意可知,填空处是表示看待未经检验的世界观的方式和角度,perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective强调主体,指人观察或思考的角度;而aspect强调客体,指事物的某个方面。句中强调的是我们看待世界的跨文化角度,所以选项B更符合语境。

14.翻译题

Readingisnotsimplyanintellectualpursuitbutanemotionalandspiritualone.Itlightsthecandleinthehurricanelampofself;that’swhyitsurvives.TherearebookclubsandbookWebsitesandbooksontapeandbookonline.Therearestillmillionsofpeoplewholikethepaperversion,atleastfornow.Andi£thatchanges-well,whatisabook,really?Isititsbody,oritssoul?(10%)

Nomatterwhereintheworldyouliveorwhatsectoryouareinvolvedin,youhavetotakeintoaccountChina’srise.ChinacontinuestoinvestandbuythingsabroadinitsdrivetosecureaccesstonaturalresourcesinplaceslikeAfghanistanandAustraliaandtoexertpower.True,Chinahasfartoomanypoorpeople,anditshealthcareandsocialsecuritysystemsstilllagbehinddozensofcountries.ManyanalystspointtoitspovertyandalackofmilitarypresenceindifferenthemispheresreadytostrikeatwilltoarguefoolishlythatChinaisinfactaweaknationconcernedwiththepotentialcollapseofitspoliticalandeconomicsystems.

【答案】阅读不仅仅是一种简单的知识性的追求,而是一种情感和精神的追求。它点燃了人们心中的飓风灯,这个就是阅读一直存在人们心中的原因。有图书俱乐部、读书网站、读书磁带、在线图书。至少在现在,仍然有上百万人喜欢纸质的书。如果事情发生了变化,那么究竟什么是一本书呢?是书的躯体还是它的灵魂。

无论你住在世界的哪个地方,或者你进入到了哪个领域,你都必须考虑到中国的崛起。中国不断在海外投资和采购,在阿富汗、澳大利亚等国家获得资源以发挥更大的影响力。实际上,中国还有很多贫困人口,并且中国的医疗保障和社会保障体系仍然落后于许多国家。许多分析家指出,中国的贫穷以及军事力量的匮乏,在不同地区可随时受到打击,因此愚蠢地认为,中国实际上是一个脆弱的国家,担心它的政治和经济体系的崩溃。

15.单选题

Restandproperdietarecontributivetogoodhealth.

问题1选项

A.conducive

B.apprehensive

C.pervasive

D.exclusive

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.conducive有助的;有益的B.apprehensive忧虑的;不安的

C.pervasive普遍的D.exclusive独有的;专用的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】句意:休息和适当的饮食对身体健康……。根据句意,休息和适当饮食应该是有益于身体健康。因此选A。划线词contributive意为“有帮助的”。A选项与划线词意思相近。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】休息和适当的饮食有助于身体健康。

16.单选题

Milk,butter,andcheeseare______herefromthefarms.

问题1选项

A.imported

B.transferred

C.transformed

D.transported

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项imported“进口”;B选项transferred“(使)转移,搬迁”;C选项transformed“改变,转换”;D选项transported“运输”。句意:牛奶、黄油和奶酪从农场______到这里。根据语境,这里指的是把牛奶等从农场运到另一个地方,D选项transported“运输”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

His(

)thathehadnothingtodowiththeaffairwasgreetedwithsomesuspicion.

问题1选项

A.necessity

B.statement

C.promotion

D.disposal

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。necessity“需要;必然性;必需品”;statement“声明;陈述”;promotion“提升,晋升;推销”;disposal“处理;支配”。句意:他声称自己与此事无关,受到了一些质疑。选项B符合题意。

18.单选题

Onesignthatsheismakingprogressinartcoursessuchaspaintingorphotographyis______shebeginstorealizehowmuchthereistolearn.

问题1选项

A.that

B.when

C.while

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查表语从句。根据句子结构可知,is是句子的系动词,所以跟在系动词后面的是表语从句,that可以引导表语从句。B项when表示时间,放在空格处不符合语境;C项和D项不能引导表语从句。句意:她在绘画或摄影等艺术课程上取得进步的一个标志是,她开始意识到还有很多东西要学。因此,该题选择A项。

19.单选题

Ittookusonlyafewhoursto______thepaperoffallfourwalls.

问题1选项

A.shear

B.scrape

C.strike

D.chip

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语

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