考研考博-英语-北京师范大学珠海分校考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京师范大学珠海分校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

It’sabsolutely（）thatyougetthatformsentoffbythetwenty-thirdofthismonth.

问题1选项

A.vital

B.fatal

C.mortal

D.neutral

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。vital“至关重要的，生死攸关的”；fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的”；mortal“凡人的；致死的”；neutral“中立的，中性的”。句意：你这个月二十三号把那个表格寄出去，这非常重要。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

MarythoughtshewouldnevermeetTomagain,butbyacurious（

）theyfinallymet.

问题1选项

A.coincidence

B.incidence

C.incident

D.accident

【答案】A

【解析】coincidence一致,巧合;incidence发生率;incident事件,事变;accident事故,意外。句意:玛丽以为她再也见不到汤姆了,但由于一个奇怪的巧合,他们最终见面了。选项A符合句意。

3.问答题

Everypaperandmagazinewere(A)lyingwait(B)with(C)exhaustivestoriesabouttheroyalsplit(D)betweentheprinceandprincessofWales.

【答案】试题答案：B;inwait

【解析】考查谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词were，因此用inwait（伺机）。

4.单选题

You’llhavetochangeyour____oflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

问题1选项

A.mode

B.mold

C.mood

D.form

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.mode方式；模式B.mold模具；类型

C.mood情绪D.form形式

【答案】A

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配与形近词辨析

【解题思路】空格处所填词受“生活”修饰，原句句意为“既然你有了孩子，你就得改变你的生活____了。”根据前后语义推测，该处表达的是“生活方式”，A选项mode“方式；模式”最符合要求，modeoflife“生活方式”。

【干扰项排除】

B选项mold“模具；类型”，与“生活”搭配不当；

C选项mood“情绪，心情”，与“生活”搭配不当；

D选项form“形式”，侧重于指某种形式，虽然有时候可以翻译成方式，但是这个方式还是侧重于指以某种形式，“生活方式”常使用的还是mode。

【句意】既然你有了孩子，你就得改变你的生活方式了。

5.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Friendshipisbothasourceofpleasureandcomponentofgoodhealth.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsnaturallyenjoytheircompany.Ofequalimportancearetheconcreteemotionalbenefitstheyderive.Whensomethingsensationalhappenstous,sharingthehappinessoftheoccasionwithfriendsintensifiesourjoy.Conversely,intimesoftroubleandtension,whenourspiritsarelow,unburdeningourworriesandfearstocompassionatefriendalleviatesthestress.Moreover,wemayevengetsomepracticalsuggestionsforsolvingaparticularproblem.

【答案】友谊既是快乐的源泉又是健康的要素。有好友的人们总是喜欢友人的陪伴。同样重要的是，人们能够从友谊那里获得实实在在的情感方面的益处。当有好事发生的时候，与朋友分享这份快乐会使你的快乐加倍。相反地，当我们身处麻烦和压力当中，情绪低落的时候，向朋友倾诉忧虑和恐惧会减轻你的压力。而且，我们甚至还可以从朋友那里获得实用的建议来解决特定的问题。

6.单选题

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

问题1选项

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sallow“气色不好的；灰黄色的”；B选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的”；C选项pale“苍白的；无力的；暗淡的”；D选项blushing“鲜红的；脸红的”。句意：他长着方下巴，脸色苍白，体格健壮但不太结实，看起来就像脖子上挂着个口哨的人。pasty“苍白的；面糊似的”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

7.不定项选择题

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitatsandtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmentalstandardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.[A]TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.[B]ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.[C]TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.[D]

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment.Itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

Howevervocalthecriticsofenvironmentalprotectioneffortsmaybe,giventheveryconsiderablebodyofenvironmentallegislationthatexists,itissafetoassumethattheirviewsdonotrepresentthemajorityopinion.Privateadvocacygroups,theEPS,statelegislaturesandCongresshaveworkedtogethertoenactnumerouslawsregardingairandwaterquality,landuseandwastemanagement.Thatshouldbeevidenceenoughofthebroadextentofthepopularsupportthatunderliesthemovement.

13.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

14.Accordingtoparagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

15.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingaccuratelydescribeshowtheEPAhelpedtheenvironmentalmovement?

16.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalmovement?

17.Accordingtothepassage,whateffectdidthecriticismoftheenvironmentalmovementhave?

18.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

19.Theworddireinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

20.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.

Wherewouldthefollowingmostlikelyfitinthepassage(A,B,C,orD)?

21.Theworddissentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovementandhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

问题2选项

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

问题3选项

A.Itcoordinatedactionatthelocalandnationallevels.

B.Itobtainedpresidentialsupport.

C.Ittookoverfromlocalorganizationstoexpediteaction.

D.Itprovidedfundingtolocalorganizations.

问题4选项

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

问题5选项

A.Itcausedtheenvironmentaliststochangetheirmethods.

B.Itdecreasedfederalassistanceforenvironmentalprotection.

C.ItdiminishedpopularsupportfortheEPA.

D.Itrevitalizedsupportfortheenvironmentalprotectionmovement.

问题6选项

A.Criticsofthemovementweresuccessfulindissuadingmanyenvironmentalistsfromsupportingsomeofthemoredrasticmeasuresthathadbeensuggestedbyquestioningthequantitativemethodstheyemployed.

B.Opponentsoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsucceededingettingtheactiviststotakeanother,moreobjective,approachtosubstantiatingtheirclaims.

C.Peoplewhodisagreedwiththeenvironmentalistseventuallywereabletopersuademanythatthemethodsemployedbytheenvironmentalmovementwereinvalidandtheirconclusionincorrect.

D.Membersofenvironmentalgroupswerereluctanttoemployquantitativemethodsinassessingenvironmentaldamagebecausetheyfelttheresultsmightnotsubstantiatetheirclaims.

问题7选项

A.unrealized

B.possible

C.grave

D.imaginary

问题8选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

问题9选项

A.opposition

B.support

C.indifference

D.ambivalence

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:A

【解析】13.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了地球日环保活动的起源，接着介绍了不同人群在环保运动中对环境保护做出的努力和取得的成果，说明本文的主要内容是介绍环保运动的起源和发展。因此C选项“环保运动及其开始的过程”正确。A选项“地球日对环保运动的影响”，D选项“环保局在保护自然资源方面的成功”都只是文章的一个方面，不能概括文章的全部内容，所以A，D错误。B选项“如何保护地球的环境”表述太过宽泛，所以B错误。

14.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.（人们普遍认为，环境保护运动之所以如此成功，是因为它得到了基层的支持，数百个城镇的活动人士团体主动清理了自己的社区。），说明环保运动取得广泛成功的原因是得到了基层的支持。因此B选项“在地方层面运作良好”正确。A选项“保护了人们关心的植物和动物”，D选项“迫使重要的国家法律得到批准”是环境运动的成果，而不是取得成功的原因，所以A，D错误。C选项“把不近人情的政客赶下台”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。

15.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.（它与各种截然不同的独立组织结盟，与成千上万的小型特殊利益集团甚至是在地方层面工作的个人结盟。），说明环保局是通过和其他地方组织合作，协调国家和地方的行动来帮助环保运动的。因此A选项“协调了地方和国家层面的行动”正确。B选项“获得了总统的支持”，原文说的是总统通过行政命令成立了环保局，并不是它对于环保运动的做法，所以B错误。C选项“接手地方组织加快行动”，原文说的是和其他地方组织合作，没有说接手地方组织，所以C错误。D选项“向地方组织提供资金”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

16.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（对该运动提出的一个批评是，它对环境破坏可怕后果的预测往往是错误的。），说明有人批评环保运动预测的环境破坏后果都没有出现。因此D选项“没有看到它宣称的环境破坏”正确。A选项“提出了一些会损害经济的措施”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“预测无法通过实际行动来防止”，原文提到了环保运动提出的警告带来了变化，而这些变化使得预测不会实现，所以B错误。C选项“缺乏取得任何实际进展所需的支持”，原文提到了它得到了国家层面关键法律和政府的支持，所以C错误。

17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度，或他们的工作在实际改善环境方面所体现的程度。），说明对环保运动的批评促使环保主义者改变了进行环保运动的方法。因此A选项“使环保主义者改变了他们的方法”正确。B选项“减少了联邦政府对环境保护的援助”，C选项“减少了民众对环保局的支持”，D选项“重振了人们对环保运动的支持”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

18.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度，或他们的工作在实际改善环境方面所体现的程度。），说明对环保运动的批评并没有打击环保主义者的积极性或阻碍环保运动的发展，而是让环保主义者反思之前的做法，追求一种更客观的方法来证实自己的主张。因此B选项“环保运动的反对者成功地让环保主义者采取另一种更客观的方法来证实他们的主张”正确。A选项“这场运动的批评者成功地劝阻了许多环保主义者支持一些更为激进的措施，这些措施是通过质疑他们所采用的定量方法而提出的”，由原文可知，环保主义者之前并没有采用定量方法，所以A错误。C选项“与环保主义者意见相左的人最终能够说服许多人，认为环保运动所采用的方法是无效的，他们的结论是不正确的”，D选项“环保团体的成员不愿意采用定量的方法来评估环境损害，因为他们认为结果可能无法证实他们的主张”与原文表述的意思相反，所以C，D错误。

19.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干关键词“dire”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（对该运动提出的一个批评是，它对环境破坏可怕后果的预测往往是错误的。），说明“dire”在文中是指“可怕、极其严重”的意思。因此C选项“严重的”正确。A选项“未实现的”，B选项“可能的”，D选项“虚构的”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

20.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.（多亏了以泰迪•罗斯福为代表的具有环保意识的政治人物的额外帮助，他在近一个世纪前就建立了美国的第一个国家公园，这一运动得到了发展。）讲的是个人为环保运动提供的帮助，C处前文说到环保局和不同的组织与个人合作，那么下文应该介绍具体的事例。因此该句放在C处最合适。

21.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干关键词“dissent”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度），说明“dissent”在文中是指“不同、反对”的意思。因此A选项“反对”正确。B选项“支持”，C选项“冷漠”，D选项“矛盾”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

8.翻译题

3.正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。

【答案】【参考译文】

3.Weliveinanascendingscalewhenwelivehappily,onethingleadingtoanotherinanendlessseries.Thereisalwaysanewhorizonforonward-lookingmen,andalthoughwedwellonasmallplanet,immersedinpettybusinessandnotenduringbeyondabriefperiodofyears,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.

9.单选题

Whenpeoplearcstruckbylightening,theyfalltothegroundasthoughtheywerestruckbyasevereblowtotheheaD.Aftertheshocktheymayremainunconscious,becomesemiconsciousorbeconsciousbutconfusedanddazed,atleastforatime.Flashesoflightmaycontinuepassingbeforetheireyes,andblindnessanddeafnessmayfollow.Thenervoussystemmaybebadlyaffected,causingparalysis,paininthelimbsandevenhemorrhage.Therewillbebumswherethelighteningpassedthroughthebody,andlikeallelectricalbums,theyareoftendeepandsevere.

Allpersons,especiallycampersandhunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.Donotbeafraidtotouchthevictim.Youwon'tgetashock.ThelighteninghasalreadybeengroundeD.Rememberthatspeedisofthegreatestimportanceinseverecases.

Thefirstthingtodoistoloosentightclothingaboutthethroatandwaist.Thencleartheairpassagesofmucus(黏液)ifpresent,andapplyartificialrespirationifnecessary.Givemouth-mouthresuscitationifneeded,orgiveoxygenifavailable.ManyvictimsthoughtIobedeadhavebeenrevivedaftertreatment.

Sendsomeoneforadoctorassoonaspossible,butdon'tleavethevictimalone.Ifadoctorisnotavailable,takethepersontoahospitalassoonasthepersoncanbesafelymoved.

Signsofshockare:pale,cold,stickyskin;weak,rapidpulse;shallow,irregularbreathingor,inextremecases,nobreathingatall.Totreatshock,youmustkeepthepatientlyingdownwiththeheadlowerthanthefeetandcoverhimorherwithablanketbutwatchoutforoverheating.Givingastimulatinghotteaorcoffeewillhelp,butonlyifthepatientisthoroughlyconscious.

Afterbreathinghasbeenrestoredandshockistreated,treatthebums.Applysomesalveandcoverthemwithacleanclothorasteriledressing.Ifconscious,thepatientwillbebadlyfrightened,sodoallyoucantoreassure.Alittleknowledgeandahelpinghandmaysavesomeone'slife.

1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout（）.

2.Accordinglothepassage,allthefollowingaresignsofshockexcept（）.

3.Itcanbeguessedfromthepassagethat（）.

4.Theword"salve"inline2ofthelastparagraphmostlikelymeans（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmustnotbedonewhiletreatingshock?

问题1选项

A.whichmetalsconductelectricitybest

B.wheretogoinathunderstorm

C.howtotreatsomeonestruckbylightening

D.howtomakemouth-to-mouthresuscitation

问题2选项

A.abnormalfever

B.coldskin

C.irregularbreathing

D.rapidpulse

问题3选项

A.manycampersandhuntersarestruckbylightening

B.carsareconvenientforoutdooractivities

C.electricshockdoeslittleharmtothehumanbody

D.onlyprofessionalnursesanddoctorsareallowedtogivefirstaid

问题4选项

A.sponge

B.bandage

C.ointment

D.liquid

问题5选项

A.Givingthepatientacupofhottea.

B.Makingthepatientliewiththefeetlowerthanthehead.

C.Coveringthebumswithasteriledressing.

D.Applyingartificialrespiration

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述如何治疗被闪电击中的人。

2.根据第五段的第一句“Signsofshockare:pale,cold,stickyskin;weak,rapidpulse;shallow,irregularbreathingor,inextremecases,nobreathingatall.”可知，只有选项A不属于休克的症状，所以本题选A。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Allpersons,especiallycampersandhunters,shouldknowhowtogivefirstaidtosomeonewhohasbeenstruckbylightening.”所有人，尤其是露营者和猎人，都应该知道如何对被闪电击中的人进行急救。由此可推断，露营者和猎人最容易遇到被闪电击中的情况，所以选项A正确。

4.根据常识，被雷电击中后会被烧伤，烧伤之后当然要涂抹一些药膏，所以这里的“salve”指药膏，只有选项C与之意思相近。

5.根据原文可知，选项B对应文中的“youmustkeepthepatientlyingdownwiththeheadlowerthanthefeet”，但与原文表述相反，因此选择B选项。

10.翻译题

迈克尔是那种你真想恨一恨的家伙，他总是乐呵呵的，总是说些积极向上的话。如果有人问他近况如何，他会这样回答：“如果我还能再好，我就成双胞胎了”。他生来就会让人积极进取。

如果哪位雇员有天过得很糟糕，迈克尔会告诉他如何看待问题的积极一面。他的这种方法着实让我好奇，所以有一天我找到迈克尔问：“我真弄不明白。你怎么能总是那样积极乐观？你是如何做到这一点的？”

迈克尔回答说，“每天早上醒来我对自己说，迈克，今天你有两种选择。你可以选择心情愉快，你也可以选择心情恶劣。”我选择心情愉悦。每次心情不愉快的事情发生时，我可以选择成为一个牺牲品，也可以选择从中吸取教训。我选择从中吸取教训。每次有什么人找我来抱怨，我可以选择接受他们的抱怨，也可以选择向他指出生活的积极面。我选择指出生活的积极面。

【答案】Michaelisthekindofguyyoulovetohate.Heisalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshassomethingpositivetosay.Whensomeonewouldaskhimhowhewasdoing,hewouldreply,‘IfIwereanybetter,I’dbetwins!”Hewasanaturalmotivator.

Ifanemployeewashavingabadday,Michaelwastheretellingtheemployeehowtolookonthepositivesideofthesituation.Seeingthisstylereallymademecurious,soonedayIwentuptoMichaelandaskedhim,‘Idon’tgetit.Youcanbepositiveallthetime.Howdoyoudoit?

Michaelreplied,‘eachmorningIwakeupandsaytomyself,Mike,youhavetwochoicestoday.Youcanchoosetobeinagoodmoodoryoucanchoosetobeinabadmood.Ichoosetobeinagoodmood.Everytimesomethingbadhappens,IcanchoosetobeavictimorIcanchoosetolearnfromit.Ichoosetolearnfromit.Everytimesomeonecomestomecomplaining,Icanchoosetoaccepttheircomplainingorpointoutthepositivesideoflifetothem.Ichoosetopointoutthepositivesideoflife.

11.单选题

Youshouldn’thavewritteninthe（）sincethebookbelongstothelibrary.

问题1选项

A.interval

B.border

C.margin

D.edge

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你本不应该在空白处写字，因为书是图书馆的。

考查名词辨析。interval间隔；间隙；休息时间；border国界；边界；margin页边空白；白边；边缘；edge边沿；刀刃；锐利。因此C项符合句意。

12.单选题

Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t________theirdifferences,theydecidedtostoptheirnegotiations.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.oblige

C.reconcile

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”；oblige“迫使，义务”；reconcile“使协调，使一致”；obscure“模糊不清，掩盖”。句意：因为两国无法协调分歧，他们决定停止谈判。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

His_____ingamblinghaseventuallybroughtabouthisruin.

问题1选项

A.indulgence

B.habit

C.action

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】indulgence嗜好，放纵，沉溺；habit习惯，嗜好；action行动，活动；engagement婚约，诺言。句意：沉溺于赌博最终导致了他的毁灭。indulgenceinsth.指放纵,任性（的习惯），选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Asthetrainwillnotleaveuntilonehourlater,we（

）grababiteatthesnackbar.

问题1选项

A.maywell

B.justaswell

C.mightaswell

D.aswell

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然火车一小时后才开，我们不妨去快餐店吃点东西。

固定搭配。mightaswell不妨……，最好……。

15.单选题

Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe（）ofourmind.

问题1选项

A.state

B.case

C.situation

D.circumstance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。state“情形”；case“情况”；situation“形势”；circumstance“环境，状况”。句意：决定考试好坏的一个重要因素是我们的精神状态。故A项符合题意。

16.单选题

Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.Asimpleexampleofacauseisthemovementofapaddleasitstrikesaping-pongball;theeffectisthemovementoftheballthroughtheair.Inpsychologyandothersciences,theword“cause”isoftenreplacedbytheterm“independentvariable”.Thistermimpliesthattheexperimenterisoften“free”tovarytheindependentvariableasheorshedesires(forexample,theexperimentercancontrolthespeedofthepaddleasitstrikestheball).Theterm“dependentvariable”replacestheword“effect”,andthistermisusedbecausetheeffectdependsonsomecharacteristicoftheindependentvariable(theflightoftheballdependsonthespeedofthepaddle).Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.Inthecaseofbiorhythmtheory,theindependentvariableisthenumberofdaysthathaveelapsedbetweenaperson’sdateofbirthandsometestday.Thedependentvariableistheperson’slevelofperformanceonsomespecifiedtaskonthetestday.Noticethatalthoughtheexperimenterisnotfreetochooseabirthdayforagivenindividual,personswithdifferentdatesofbirthcanbetestedonthesameday,orasinglesubjectcanbetestedonseveraldifferentdays.

Inordertopredicttherelationshipbetweenindependentanddependentvariables,manyscientifictheoriesmakeuseofwhatarecalledinterveningvariables.Interveningvariablesarepurelytheoreticalconceptsthatcannotbeobserveddirectly.Topredicttheflightofaping-pongball,Newtonianphysicsreliesonanumberofinterveningvariables;includingforce,mass,airresistance,andgravity.Youcanprobablyanticipatethattheinterveningvariablesofbiorhythmtheoryarethethreebodilycycleswiththeirspecifiedtimeperiods.Itshouldbeemphasizedthatnotallpsychologicaltheoriesincludeinterveningvariables,andsomepsychologistsobjecttotheirusepreciselybecausetheyarenotdirectlyobservable.

Thefinalmajorcomponentofascientifictheoryisitssyntax,ortherulesanddefinitionsthatstatehowtheindependentanddependentvariablesaretobemeasured,andthatspecifytherelationshipsamongindependentvariables,interveningvariables,anddependentvariables.Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.Thesyntaxalsorelatesthecyclestothedependentvariable,performance,bystatingthatpositivecyclesshouldcausehighlevelsofperformancewhereasloworcriticalcyclesshouldcauselowperformancelevels.Tosummarize,thecomponentsofascientifictheorycanbedividedintofourmajorcategories:independentvariables,dependentvariables,interveningvariables,andsyntax.

1.Basedonthepassage,causalitymayhavethemeaningthat（

）.

2.Accordingtobiorhythmtheory,（

）.

3.Manytheoriesforpredictingtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect（

）.

4.Theexampleoftheping-pongballisusedto（

）.

5.Theword“syntax”usedinthelastparagraphreferstothe（

）.

问题1选项

A.causeandeffectcanbeindependentofeachother

B.thereishardlyanythingthathappenswithoutacause

C.dependentandindependentvariablesaffecteachother

D.causeandeffectmayvaryrespectivelyinmostevents

问题2选项

A.one’sbehaviorcanbepredictedbyknowinghisorherbirthday

B.nobodycanchoosehisorherdateofbirthasheorshewishes

C.anindividual’sperformanceisirrelevanttohisorherbirthday

D.aperson’slevelofperformancevariesaccordingtothetestdate

问题3选项

A.testifytheircompleteconformitywithgeneralscientificprinciples

B.justifytheidentityofdependent,independent,andinterveningvariables

C.specifythetimeperiodsofbodilycyclesintermsofpsychologicaltests

D.verifytheirpredictionbyvariablesinconsistentwithconventionsofscience

问题4选项

A.indicateahardnuttocrackinphysics

B.predictvariablesinaperson’sperformance

C.proveacommonfeaturemosttheorieshave

D.showthenegligibilityofinterveningvariables

问题5选项

A.rulesusedfororderingandconnectingwordsinasentence

B.principlesdefiningtheconnectionsamongdifferentvariables

C.definitionsdescribingtheimpactofbiorhythmonone’sbehavior

D.criteriameasuringaperson’sperformancelevelswithbiorhythm

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第一句“Scienceisanenterpriseconcernedwithgaininginformationaboutcausality,ortherelationshipbetweencauseandeffect.”可知，causality指的是因果关系。选项B符合原文。

2.根据最后一段“Itisthesyntaxofbiorhythmtheorythatdescribeshowtouseaperson’sbirthdaytocalculatethecurrentstatusofthethreecycles.”生物节奏理论体系描述了如何使用一个人的生日来计算三个周期的当前状态。也就是说，一个人的行为可以通过知道他或她的生日来预测。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的内容，为了预测自变量和因变量之间的关系，许多科学理论使用了所谓的介入变量。介入变量是不能直接观察到的纯理论概念。而在第一段有提及，科学的惯例要求自变量和因变量都是可观察到的事件。由此可以推断，许多预测因果关系的理论用不符合科学惯例的变量来验证他们的预测。选项D符合原文。

4.根据第一段“Theconventionsofsciencedemandthatboththeindependentanddependentvariablesbeobservableevents,asisthecaseintheping-pongexample.”科学的惯例要求自变量和因变量都是可观察到的事件，就比如乒乓球。作者用乒乓球的例子是想证明大多数理论都有一个共同的特点，那就是自变量和因变量都是可观察到的。选项C符合原文。

5.根据最后一段第一句，科学理论的最后一个主要组成部分是它的体系，或者说是描述如何测量自变量和因变量的规则和定义，以及详细说明自变量、介入变量和因变量之间的关系。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

17.单选题

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”；therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”一wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued