考研考博-英语-山西财经大学华商学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西财经大学华商学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

The（

）languageoflocalofficialsmakesthemseemveryignorantandrude.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.lively

C.indecent

D.humorous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项artificial“人工的，人造的”；B选项lively“精力充沛的，生气勃勃的”；C选项indecent“不得体的，不合适的，粗鄙的”；D选项humorous“滑稽有趣的，有幽默感的”。由veryignorantandrude（非常无知和粗鲁）可知地方官员的语言应该是“不得体的，粗鄙的”。句意：地方官员的不得体语言使他们显得非常无知和粗鲁。

2.单选题

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

问题1选项

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的；同时代的”；B选项comely“清秀的，标致的”；C选项disinterested“无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的”；D选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的，否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意，故C选项正确。

3.单选题

Thepoliceadmitted______amistakeinarrestinganinnocentman

问题1选项

A.tomake

B.tohavemade

C.tohavingmade

D.tomaking

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。admittodoingsth.表示“承认作某事”，为固定搭配。“犯错”这个动词发生在“承错误”这个动作之前，根据admitted（admit的过去式）可知空格处应为过去完成时，因此选C。句意：警方承认在逮捕一名无辜男子时犯了错误。

4.单选题

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone."Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace."

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（肾上腺素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil'sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

问题1选项

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule.

问题2选项

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves.

问题3选项

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis.

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

问题4选项

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger.

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise.

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise.

问题5选项

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据上文提到的，恐惧对每个人来说几乎都是一个问题，每个人害怕的事物不一样，所以这里提到的我们这些特殊的生物是指对某种事物感到害怕。选项A正确，选项B，C，D都是指某一类人害怕的东西，不能以偏概全，所以错误。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，恐惧是一种有用的情感是因为它能帮助我们面对危险时快速做出反应并自我保护。选项D符合原文。其他选项都只涉及生理反应而忽略了心理反应，太片面。

3.根据第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题。也就是说，当危险被认为比实际上更大时，恐惧就会成为一个问题。选项A正确。

4.根据第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐惧的影响。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”从出生开始，他或她更容易学习恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向。选项A符合原文。

5.根据第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知选项D正确。

5.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主义的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

问题3选项

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

问题4选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推断,作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮,实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知,工人和雇员们焦虑不仅是因为他们可能面临着失业,他们焦虑也因为他们不能获得任何有趣的生活和真正的满足,但是真正的原因还是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,选项D他们被剥夺了个性和独立性,符合原文,所以选D。

3.判断推理题。根据原文以及题干可知,作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处于一个竞争激烈的社会之中,只有远离了竞争激烈的社会,才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项A正确。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建议改变我们的社会制度形式，……在这种社会安排中，人及其全部的爱和理性的潜能的充分发展是社会安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分发挥人的潜能的建议来解决当前的社会问题，选项C符合原文。

5.观点态度题。根据文章内容可知,作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义,所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。

6.单选题

Thegovernmentpromisedto（）anewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.

问题1选项

A.implement

B.complement

C.supplement

D.compliment

【答案】A

【解析】implement实施,执行；complement补充；supplement增补；compliment恭维,称赞。句意：政府承诺实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Theattorneywantedto（

）theprocess,asherclientwasbecomingimpatient.

问题1选项

A.expedite

B.evaluate

C.reverse

D.justify

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。expedite“加快进展，迅速完成”；evaluate“评价，估价”;reverse“颠倒，掉换”；justify“为…辩护，对…做出解释”；根据句意‘律师想（

）进度，因为她的客户变得不耐烦了。’确定A选项“加快进展，迅速完成”符合题意。

8.单选题

Starvationprobablydoesn’tsoundlikeakeytolivingwellintooldage.Butasstrangeasitseems,calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.

Theconcepthasalreadybeenprovedeffectiveinmice,rats,dogsandmonkeys.However,verylimitedresearchhasbeendonetoevaluatethehealthimpactofcalorierestrictioninhumans.Inanimals,calorierestrictionisassociatedwithlongevity,decreasedriskforcancerandinflammatorydiseasesandlowercognitivedecline.Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.

Anewstudytestedoutamodifiedversionoftheconceptonhumans.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniahavedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.

Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.OnDayOne,adietereatsfoodfromtheprescribedplanthattotals1,090calorieswith10percentprotein,56percentfat,and34percentcarbohydrates.OnDaysTwothroughFive...dietersconsumejust725calorieswith9percentprotein,44percentfat,and47percentcarbohydrates.

Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.Onnon-dietingdaystheyatenormally.

Itmaysoundgimmicky,butVijg,oneoftheresearchers,saysexistingsciencealreadybacksuptheclaimthattheplancouldeffectivelyimprovehumanhealthandprolonglife.Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.

Inessence,fastinghastheabilitytoimprovestressresponseonacellularlevel.Apersononthisprogramislikelytoloseweightovertime,butresearcherssaybetterhealthinoldageistherealbenefit.Withtherightmarketing,Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.However,itcouldalsohavesomepracticalapplicationsinamedicalsetting.Aphysiciancouldprescribethediettoapatientforaspecificamountoftimebeforesurgery,chemotherapyandothertypesoftreatmentsandproceduresthatareknowntocausetraumaandstresstothebody.

1.Whatisthedifficultyintheresearchoftheeffectofstarvationonhumans?

2.Themodifiedversionoftheconceptrefersto（

）.

3.WhatkindoffoodisNOTallowedondietingdays?

4.Accordingtotheresearchers,whatbenefitscanpeoplegetbyfollowingtheplan?

5.AtkinsandPaleointhelastparagraphmostprobablyrefertobrandnamesof

（

）.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Humansneedtoeatinreallife.

B.Animalsarefreefromdiseases.

C.Humansandanimalsresponddifferentlytostarvation.

D.Humansandanimalshavedifferentlifeexpectancy.

问题2选项

A.adietwithfruitsandvegetablesonly

B.aperiodicdietwithalittlefood

C.acalorie-consistentdiet

D.adietlastingforfivedaysonly

问题3选项

A.Energysupplements.

B.Sportdrinks.

C.Meatandfish.

D.Foodwithadditives.

问题4选项

A.Nicebodyshape.

B.Psychologicalwell-being.

C.Betterhealthinoldage.

D.Goodrelationswithothers.

问题5选项

A.healthyteas

B.populardiets

C.fastfood

D.weight-reducingmedicines

问题6选项

A.TheLessCalorie,theBetter?

B.SayNotoStarvation.

C.AProvedMethodofWeightManagement.

D.Coulda5-dayFastingDietProlongYourLife?

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词，可将信息点定位至原文第二段最后一句，“Thechallengehasbeentotranslatetheconcepttotherealworldinwhichhumansneedtoeattogetthroughtheday.(现实世界中人类需要吃东西生存，要把（饥饿状态对人们健康有益）这个理念传递给大众不是一件容易的事。)”从而得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“themodifiedversionoftheconcept”，可将信息点定位至原文第三段最后一句和第四段第一句。“havedesignedwhattheycalla“fastingmimickingdiet”thatprovidesallthebenefitsofstarvingyourself",withalittlelessstarvation.(设计了一种他们称之为“空腹模拟节食”的饮食方式，它提供了让自己挨饿的所有好处，而且减少了一点饥饿。)”“Theplanlastsforfivedaysamonth,withacyclethat’srepeatedforthreemonths.(该计划每月持续五天，每三个月重复一次。)”从而得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。“Peopleonthedietatevegetablesoup,energybars,energydrinksandlow-caloriesnackchips,anddrankalotofchamomiletea.Theyalsotookvegetable-baseddietarysupplements.(节食的人喝蔬菜汤，能量棒，能量饮料和低热量的零食薯条，喝很多甘菊茶。他们还服用了以蔬菜为基础的膳食补充剂。)”从而得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第六段第二句。“Inhumans,thedietprovidedanumberofphysiologicalchangesthatcouldreduceriskfactorsforage-relatedconditionssuchasreducedbloodglucoseandinsulinlevels.(对于人类，这种计划能够带来一些体质的变化，从而降低一些例如血糖和胰岛素等随着年龄增长而带来的健康风险。)”从而得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“AtkinsandPaleo”，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段，根据“Vijgbelievesafastingmimickingdietcouldbecomethenextcommerciallybrandeddietcraze,likeAtkinsorPaleo.(Vijg认为，像Atkins和Paleo那样，模仿禁食的饮食可能会成为下一个商业品牌的饮食热潮。)”即可得出本题答案。

6.主旨大意题。根据“…calorierestriction,doneintermittently,appearstobeoneofthegatewaystolastinglong-termhealth.（间歇性地限制热量摄入，似乎是保持长期健康的途径之一。）”“fastingmimickingdiet（禁食模仿饮食）”，可知作者在本文探讨的是这种阶段性节食是否能够长寿。从而得出本题答案。

9.单选题

Anewlydevelopedrobotthatcanshowitsemotionsbysmilingorfrowningmayonedayhelpcomputeruserstalkasquicklyandeasilytomachine______withotherpeople.

问题1选项

A.suchastheynowtalk

B.liketheynowtalk

C.asmuchastheynowdo

D.astheynowdo

【答案】D

【解析】考查比较级。在as...as...引导的同级比较中，第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。根据quicklyandeasily可知选D。句意：一种新开发的机器人可以通过微笑或皱眉头来表达自己的情感，也许有一天它能帮助计算机用户像现在一样快速、方便地与机器交流。

10.单选题

Harnessingthewindto（）electricitydatesbackto1890.

问题1选项

A.manufacture

B.yield

C.grow

D.generate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:利用风来发电可追溯到1890年。

考查动词辨析。Manufacture制造,加工;yield出产(作物),产生(收益、效益等),提供,放弃;grow扩大,增加,增强;generate产生,引起,发(电)。故D符合句意。

11.翻译题

科学的最终目的是提供一种描绘整个宇宙的简单理论。然而，大多科学家实际采用的方法是将这个问题分成两个部分。第一部分是一些告知我们宇宙随着时间的推移而变化的方式的规律。第二部分是对宇宙初始状态的疑问。有些人认为科学只应该关注第一部分。他们把宇宙初始状态的问题看成是玄学或宗教要回答的问题。

【答案】Theultimateaimofscienceistoobtainasimpletheorywhichcandescribesthewholeuniverse.However,mostscientistsineffectseparatetheissueintotwoparts.Thefirstpartiscomposedoflawshowtheuniversechangeswithtime.Thesecondpartconsistsofthequestionsovertheoriginalstateoftheuniverse.Somepeoplebelievethatscienceshouldonlyfocusonthefirstpartwhereasthequestionsovertheoriginalstateoftheuniverseshouldbeansweredbymetaphysicsorreligions.

12.单选题

Likemanyloversofbooks,Maryandherhusband,RichardGoldman,seldomwalkedpastabookstorewithoutstoppingtolookinside.Theyoftentalkedofopeningtheirownstoreoneday.

WhenMarywashospitalizedwithhearttroublein1989,theydecideditwastimetogetserious.Richard,whoworkedforabusinesscompany,waseagertoworkforhimself,andMaryneededtoslowdownfromherdemandingjob.

Theystartedbytalkingtobookstoreownersandresearchingtheindustry.“Weknewithadtobeaspecialtystorebecausewecouldn’tmatchthebigchainsdollarfordollar.”saysMary.Onefigurecaughtherattention:She’dreadsomewherethatroughly20percentofbookssoldweremysteries,andmanybuyersspentmore$300ayearonbooks.SheandRichardwerethemselvesmysteryreaders.

OnHalloween1992,theyopenedtheMysteryLoversBookshopandCafeneartheirhome.Withthreechildrenincollege,thecouplecouldnotspendallthefamily’smoneytostartashop.Tocoverthe$100,000cost,theydrewsomeoftheirsavings,borrowedfromrelativesandfromabank.

Thestoremerelybrokeeveninitsfirstyear,withonly$120,000insales.ButMarywasalwayscomingupwithnewwaystoattractcustomers.Theshophadacoffeebaranditofferedgiftstomysteryloversandserveddinnersforbookclubsthatmetinthestore.Shealsoinviteddozensofwriterstodiscusstheirstories.

TodayMysteryLoversmakessalesofabout$420,000ayear.Afterpayingtaxes,businesscostsandthesixpart-timesalesclerks,RichardandMarytogetherearnabout$34,000.

“Thejobyoulovemaynotgohandinhandwithamillion-dollarincome,”saysRichard.“Thishasalwaysbeenaboutanenjoyablelifeforourselves,notaboutmakingalotofmoney.”

1.WhenMarywasinhospital,thecouplerealizedthat（

）.

2.AfterMarygotwellfromherillnesstheybegan（

）.

3.Howdidtheirbookstoredointhefirstyear?

4.AccordingtoRichard,themainpurposeofrunningthebookstoreis（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeaboutdoingsomethingyoulikebutcannotearnlotsofmoney?

问题1选项

A.theyhadtoputtheirplanintopractice

B.healthwasmoreimportantthanwealth

C.hearttroublewasaseriousillness

D.theybothneededtostopworking

问题2选项

A.tostudyindustrialmanagement

B.tobuyandreadmoremysterybooks

C.todomarketresearchonbookbusiness

D.toworkhardertosavemoneyforthebookstore

问题3选项

A.Theyhadtoborrowmoneytokeepitgoing.

B.Theymadejustenoughtocoverallthecosts.

C.Theysucceededinearningalotofmoney.

D.Theyfailedthoughtheyworkedhard.

问题4选项

A.topayfortheirchildren’seducation

B.togettoknowmorewriters

C.tosetupmorebookstores

D.todowhattheyliketodo

问题5选项

A.Heisforit.

B.Heisagainstit.

C.Hehasnospecialattitude.

D.Wedon’tknow.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段讲述了Mary夫妇特别喜欢书，他们经常谈论有一天开一个自己的书店。再由第二段“WhenMarywashospitalizedwithhearttroublein1989,theydecideditwastimetogetserious.1989年玛丽因心脏病住院时，他们决定是时候认真对待这件事了。”可知Mary夫妇决心认真对待他们的开书店的计划。故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第三段“Theystartedbytalkingtobookstoreownersandresearchingtheindustry.他们首先与书店老板交谈，并对这个行业进行了研究。”可知他们开始对书店行业进行市场调研。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第四段“Tocoverthe$100,000cost,theydrewsomeoftheirsavings,borrowedfromrelativesandfromabank.为了支付这10万美元的费用，他们从亲戚和银行借了一部分存款。”以及第五段“Thestoremerelybrokeeveninitsfirstyear,withonly$120,000insales这家店在开业第一年仅仅实现了收支平衡，销售额只有12万美元”可知B项“他们赚的仅够支付成本”正确。

4.推理判断题。由最后一段“Thishasalwaysbeenaboutanenjoyablelifeforourselves,notaboutmakingalotofmoney.对我们自己来说，这一直是一种享受生活的方式，而不是为了赚很多钱。”可知Richard开书店的原因是出于对书的热爱。故D项“做自己想做的事情”正确。

5.观点态度题。全文讲述了一对夫妇出于对书的热爱，最后开了一家书店的故事，没有涉及作者的观点态度。故C项正确。

13.单选题

Onhergraduationfromcollege,Helenwasmarriedtoaclergyman,thepriestofaneighboring（）.

问题1选项

A.division

B.district

C.parish

D.region

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项division“除法，部门，分配”；B选项district“区域，地方，行政区（尤指官方指定范围的区域）”；C选项parish“教区”；D选项region“地区，范围，部位（只指比较大的一片区域）”。句意：大学毕业后，海伦嫁给了邻近（）的一位牧师。根据后面的“牧师”一词，可以得出她应该是嫁给了临近教区的一位牧师，因此C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayaslieusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausefashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsocyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweateranditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaround,youandyou'llseethatnoelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（

）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto

（

）.

3.Causesoffashionsare

（

）.

4.Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes

（

）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

问题3选项

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

问题4选项

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

问题5选项

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.（当我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们的外表和我们对别人的表现可能比我们生命中的任何时候都更让我们担心）排除A、B选项；由第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受我们自己的现状，很少有足够的勇气来忽略时尚的趋势）可知C选项“远远没有忽视时尚的东西”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干关键字magazinesandTV定位到文章第二段中MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.可知时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚与自信联系在一起，因此选A。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干关键字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.可知造成时尚变化的原因是有很多种，因此选B。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键字freerandeasier定位到文章第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoourhairthewayyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.（出于某种原因，你可以用你喜欢的方式来装束，也可以用你喜欢的方式，或者用你喜欢的方式对待你的头发，而不是你所应该的方式，因为它是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性，因此选D。

第5题:主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstances,andthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）以及后面作者的举例，可知在正式场合下需要注意着装，因此选A。

15.单选题

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(变坏)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthe