考研考博-英语-广东以色列理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东以色列理工学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Themanoverthereis（

）ourprincipal.

问题1选项

A.nootherbut

B.noonethan

C.nootherthan

D.oneotherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:那个男人正是我们的首长。

考查短语辨析。nootherthan和noneotherthan都有“正是”的意思，但noneotherthan语气更强，还表示“惊奇、赞美、强调等语气”,故选D。

2.单选题

Tomwasahighly（）teacherwhotookhisdutiesseriouslybuthehadneitherthepersonalitynorabilitytoachievemuchsuccess.

问题1选项

A.conscientious

B.efficient

C.capable

D.talented

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项conscientious“认真的，尽责的”；B选项efficient“有效率的”；C选项capable“有能力的”；D选项talented“有才能的”。分析句子可知，who后面引导的定语从句修饰teacher，根填空处也应该填入一个形容词来修饰teacher，由此可知，填空处单词应与定语从句表达的意思相近，tookhisdutiesseriously指的是“尽职尽责的”，选项A与之意思最接近，所以正确。

3.单选题

Inotherwords,languageisnotnecessarytheprivatepropertyofthosewhouseit,justasFrenchisnottheprivatepropertyofFrenchpeople,norEnglishofEnglishpeople.

问题1选项

A.Inotherwords

B.necessary

C.justas

D.nor

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词使用。根据句子结构可知，theprivatepropertyofthosewhouseit是句子的宾语且不是单个的名词，而necessary是形容词，一般充当表语或者定语，放在此处不符合语法，所以应该把形容词necessary换成副词necessarily，表示“必要地”。句意：换句话说，语言并不一定是讲这一语言的人的私有财产，就像法语不是法国人的私有财产，英语也不是英国人的私有财产。因此，该题选择B项。

4.不定项选择题

Anyhopeofafountainofyouthtostoppeoplefromgettingolderisalongwayoff,withsciencejustbeginningtounderstandthecomplexgenetic,physicalandhormonalcausesofaging.Butexpertssaidtherewereinterestingtargetsforstudy,includinggenesinvolvedinAlzheimer'sdisease,thehormoneDHEAandtheroleofexercisesinkeepingpeopleyoung.

StevenLambertsandcolleaguesnotedthatlevelsofDHEAweremuchlowerinolderpeople.OnestudyinadultsshowedtakingDHEAtablets“inducedaremarkableincreaseinperceivedphysicalandphysiologicalwellbeinginbothmenandwomenwithouthavinganeffectonsex”.OtherstudiesonratsshowedgivingthemDHEAcouldpreventobesityanddiabetes.Buttheysaidmuchmorestudywasneeded.

CableFinchandRudophTanzisaiditwasconceivablethatgeneticengineeringexperimentscouldtransfergenesfromonespeciestoanothertoalterlifespan.However,itseemsunlikelythatafewgenesdeterminethe25folddifferenceinlifespansbetweenratsandhumans.Aninstructiveexampleisthe10-folddifferenceinlifespansoffemaleworkerbeesandqueensofthesamegenotype,whichshowmuchsloweragingduringlifespansofmanyactiveyearsofeggproduction.Thedifference—whatthebeeswerefedasjuveniles.

OneinterestinggeneticcandidatewastheAPOEgene,mutationsofwhicharelinkedwithAlzheimer'sdisease.Oneversionofthisgenedoesseemtobelinkedwithlonglife,althoughmanymorestudiesareneeded.

Forthosewhodonotwanttowait,Lamberts'teamsaidexercisecanbekeytopreventingthefrailtythatagingbrings.Lossofmusclestrengthisanimportantfactorintheprocessoffrailty.Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowedasedentarylifestylegreatlycontributestothis.Supervisedresistanceexercisetrainingcoulddoublemusclestrengthandsignificantlyincreasegaitvelocityandstair-climbingpower.Thisdemonstratesthatfrailtyintheelderlyisnotanirreversibleeffectofaginganddiseaseandcanbereducedandperhapsevenprevented.

1.ThespecificpurposeofsettingAlzheimer'sdiseaseastheresearchtargetisto（）.

2.ThesecondparagraphimpliesthattakingDHEAtabletswould（）.

3.IntheexamplecitedbyFinchandTanzi,lifespanwasmostlikelyaffectedby（）.

4.Inthesentence“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”(inPara.5),thelastword“this”refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.discoverawaytodecodeallthehumangenes

B.findoutsomethingaboutthegeneticcauseofaging

C.locatethefountainofyouthinhumanbodies

D.probeintotheroleofexerciseinretainingyouth

问题2选项

A.certainlymakepeopleyounger

B.helpyoulosesomeweight

C.promotenoincreaseinsexdrive

D.showlittlehealtheffectlikegreaterbodystrength

问题3选项

A.transferringcertaingenes

B.differentstrainsbetweenspecies

C.natureofone'slifelongwork

D.thedietonetakes

问题4选项

A.exercisetraining

B.preventionoffrailty

C.lossofmusclestrength

D.processofcuringthedisease.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.ThespecificpurposeofsettingAlzheimer’sdiseaseastheresearchtargetisto______.1.将阿尔茨海默病作为研究对象的具体目的是______。

A.discoverawaytodecodeallthehumangenesA.找到一种解码所有人类基因的方法

B.findoutsomethingaboutthegeneticcauseofagingB.找出导致衰老的遗传原因

C.locatethefountainofyouthinhumanbodiesC.在人体中找到青春的源泉

D.probeintotheroleofexerciseinretainingyouthD.探讨运动在保持青春中的作用

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段的内容“一个有趣的候选基因是APOE基因，这种基因的突变与阿尔茨海默病有关。这种基因的一个版本似乎确实与长寿有关，尽管还需要更多的研究。”，从中可知，APOE基因与长寿有关，而该基因的变异与Alzheimer疾病有关。说明阿尔茨海默病会造成衰老。所以阿尔茨海默病是为了找出衰老的基因，B项符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A项“找到一种解码所有人类基因的方法”中的all太夸张，曲解原文；

C项“在人体中找到青春的源泉”表述错误，研究阿尔茨海默病是为了找出导致衰老的基因，而不是保持青春的基因，曲解原文；

D项“探讨运动在保持青春中的作用”与阿尔茨海默病研究无关，张冠李戴。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.ThesecondparagraphimpliesthattakingDHEAtabletswould______.2.第二段暗示服用脱氢表雄酮片剂______。

A.certainlymakepeopleyoungerA.当然让人更年轻

B.helpyoulosesomeweightB.帮助你减肥

C.promotenoincreaseinsexdriveC.不会增加性欲

D.showlittlehealtheffectlikegreaterbodystrengthD.会像增强身体力量一样对健康没有什么影响

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先定位至文章第二段，第二句提到“一项针对成年人的研究表明，服用脱氢表雄酮片可以显著提高男性和女性的身体和生理健康水平（aremarkableincreaseinperceivedphysicalandphysiologicalwellbeing），但不会对性生活产生影响（withouthavinganeffectonsex）”，从中可知，服用脱氢表雄酮片对男女身心健康都有极大的促进，但是对性生活没什么影响，C项“不会增加性欲”符合原文。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“当然让人更年轻”没有体现，无中生有；

B项“帮助你减肥”，第二段提到的是“注射脱氢表雄酮可以预防肥胖和糖尿病”，预防肥胖不代表可以帮助减肥，该项曲解原文；

D项“会像增强身体力量一样对健康没有什么影响”与原文不符，文中提到服用脱氢表雄酮片可以显著提高身体健康，该项曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.IntheexamplecitedbyFinchandTanzi,lifespanwasmostlikelyaffectedby______.3.在芬奇和坦齐引用的例子中，寿命最有可能受到______的影响。

A.transferringcertaingenesA.某些基因转移

B.differentstrainsbetweenspeciesB.物种间的不同菌株

C.natureofone’slifelongworkC.一生工作性质

D.thedietonetakesD.饮食

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段列举的工蜂和蜂王的例子可知，蜂王在积极地大量产卵期间，生命老化得较慢；这也就是说寿命受到终身工作的影响。C项“一生工作性质”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A项“某些基因转移”是基因工程的实验，与题干无关，张冠李戴；

B项“物种间的不同菌株”没有提到，无中生有；

D项“饮食”，第二段最后一句提到“区别在于，蜜蜂幼年时吃的是什么”，根据常识，蜂王幼年时只吃蜂王浆，而工蜂幼年时吃花粉等其他蜜蜂食物，所以“蜜蜂幼年时吃的是什么”决定了它们在以后的工作职业将是什么，归根到底寿命的长短还是受到终身工作的影响，该项只是解释蜂王和工蜂的区别，与题干无关，张冠李戴。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Inthesentence“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”(Para.5),thelastword“this”refersto______.4.在第五段的“Onestudyinhomefortheelderlyshowed…”中，最后一个单词“this”指的是______。

A.exercisetrainingA.运动训练

B.preventionoffrailtyB.预防衰弱

C.lossofmusclestrengthC.肌力丧失

D.processofcuringthediseaseD.治疗疾病的过程

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先，根据题干定位至第五段第三句“一项针对老年人的家庭研究表明，久坐的生活方式在很大程度上对此（this）起了极大作用”，结合上文“肌肉力量的丧失（Lossofmusclestrength）是衰弱过程中的一个重要因素”，从中可知，this指的就是上文提到的“肌肉力量的丧失（Lossofmusclestrength）”，故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“运动训练”、B项“预防衰弱”和D项“治疗疾病的过程”不符合上下文连接，曲解原文。

5.单选题

Doeshehavetherightworkexperienceandskills?（）,canhedothejob?

问题1选项

A.Inanotherway

B.Inotherways

C.Inanotherword

D.Inotherwords

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inanotherway另一方面；inotherways在其他方面；ininotherwords换句话说。inantherword没有这个搭配。空格前后句子意思相似，故D项正确。句意：他有相关的工作经验和技能吗？换言之，他能做这个工作吗？

6.单选题

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbroughtonbyphysicalevents,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponsedifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachinhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeview.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingtoomuchimportancetoevents,asthingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

36.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat（）.

37.Controllingyourthoughtsalwaysinvolves（）.

38.Humanresponsetostressis（）.

39.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingtheselectionisto（）.

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedintheselectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressiscontrollable?

问题1选项

A.stressisanimbalancebetweeninternalandexternaldemands

B.controllingphysicalreactionsandthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress

C.relaxationisthekeytosuccessfulstressmanagement

D.stressmanagementrequiresaproblem-solvingapproach

问题2选项

A.consideringthesituationfromdifferentperspectives

B.imaginingyourselfmanagingthestress

C.relaxationtechniquestoeliminatephysicalsymptoms

D.agentleandpassivebreath

问题3选项

A.universal

B.variableaccordingtosex

C.unchanging

D.individual

问题4选项

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenstressandconflict

B.instructthereaderonhowtocontrolstress

C.describerelaxationtechniques

D.persuadethereadertoreducestressthroughsuccessfulmanagement

问题5选项

A.Thingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

B.Stressisanimbalancebetweendemands.

C.Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflict,justastheyresponddifferentlytostress.

D.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】36.主旨大意题。定位在第一句Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.（压力是外界对我们的要求和满足这些要求的自身能力之间存在的失衡状态。）A选项“压力是内在需求和外在需求之间的不平衡”，由第一句可知压力是外在需求和自身能力之间失衡而产生的，表述有误，B选项“控制身体反应和思想是管理压力的有效手段”定位在最后两段的首句。Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.（控制身体的压力症状需要放松。）Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.（控制你的思想是压力管理的第二个主要因素。）本文开始介绍了压力产生的原因后面着重讲到了控制压力的方法。因此B选项符合原文，也是对文章的一个总体概括。C选项“放松是成功管理压力的关键”文中并没有进行对比，属于以偏概全。D选项“压力管理需要解决问题的方法”文中有详细给出控制压力的办法，故选B。

37.客观细节题。根据原文Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeview.（成功地管理压力需要思维的灵活性。也就是说，你必须考虑另一种观点。）由此可知，成功地管理压力，需要改变自己之前所持的一些观点。A选项“从不同的角度考虑”转换观点，从另一个角度进行考虑，正确。B选项“想象自己在管理压力”，C选项“放松技巧以消除身体症状”，D选项“轻柔而被动的呼吸”，B，C，D选项与题意无关，可排除，故选A。

38.客观细节题。定位第三段的第一句Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponsedifferentlytostress.（人们对冲突的反应不同，正如他们对压力的反应不同。）由此可知，每个人对待压力的反应是不同的。A选项“普遍的”，B选项“性别不同会有差别”，C选项“不变的”，A，B，C与句意不符，可排除。D选项“个体的；独特的”，符合句意，正确。故选D。

39.推理判断题。A选项“解释压力和冲突之间的关系”定位在第二段，文中只用了一小段简单带过，不可归为主要目的。Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.（有时，在高度紧张的冲突情况下，我们必须先处理压力，然后再处理冲突。）C选项“描述放松技巧”只是属于控制压力方法的一个举例，不属于主要目的。D选项“说服读者通过成功的管理来减轻压力。”管理一词过于笼统宽泛，目的需要具体。即可排除A，C，D选项，B选项“指导读者如何控制压力”，文章简单介绍压力后，最后两段着重介绍了控制压力的方法，能够给读者带来一些建议。故选B。

40.推理判断题。题意：下列哪个陈述包含在选择中，最直接地支持作者的观点，即压力是可控的？定位在最后一段Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingtoomuchimportancetoevents,asthingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.（你当前的观点给你造成了压力！你还必须避免把事情看得太重要，因为从不同的角度看事情可能会显得不那么重要。）可以知道从不同角度去思考一件事，对同样一件事的感受也会不同。由此可知，A选项“从不同的角度来看，事情似乎不那么重要”很好的说明了压力是可控的。B选项“压力是需求之间的不平衡”只是压力的一个表述，与可控性无关。C选项“人们对冲突的反应不同，就像他们对压力的反应不同一样”只是陈述每个人对待压力的方式不同，与压力的可控性无关。D选项“成功地管理压力需要事情的灵活性”根据原文Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.（成功地管理压力需要思维的灵活性。）主语不一致，故选A。

7.单选题

London’sHeathrowAirportisnotoriousforqueuesanddelays.Whyisthishappeningandwhatcanyoudotoavoidthefrustration?

InthefilmCatchMeIfYouCan,LeonardoDiCaprioplaysadashingyoungconartistwhofoolsanairlineintobelievingheisoneoftheircaptains.Hestrollsthroughasleekandfuturisticairterminalflankedbyagaggleofstewardesses,hisprogressserene.Themessageisclear:Airtravelisglamorous,sexyandatotalbreeze.

CuttoHeathrow,2007,andwhatisstilltheworld’slargestairport(bypassengernumbers)isstretchedtobreakingpoint,besetbydelaysandhamperedbyacreakinginfrastructure.KenLivingstone,London’sgarrulousMayor,saystheairportis“shamingLondon”.Howdiditcometothis?

Inasense,Heathrow’skeyroleinthedevelopmentofBritain’s(andtheworld’s)aviationindustryhasbeenitsundoing.Firstopenedtocommercialfightsin1946,Heathrowhasalwaysbeentherefirst;consequently,ithasinheritedalegacyofagingterminalbuildings.ThenSeptember11happened,andsecurityprotocolswentthroughtheroof.The2005Londonbombingsdidn’thelpmatters.

ThequeuestoclearHeathrow’ssecuritycantakehourstoclear,especiallywhennotalltheX-raymachinesareopen.Attheotherendoftheprocess,passengershavefacedseeminglynever-endingwaitsforluggage.ArecentAssociationofEuropeanAirlinesreportshowedthatbetweenAprilandJunethisyeartheluggagesystematHeathrowbrokedown11times.

TheBritishgovernment,spurredonbyangryairlines,passengergroupsandanincreasinglyvocalmedia,hasannouncedanenquiryintohowtheairportisrun.Heathrow,likesevenothermajorairportsintheUK,isrunbytheBritishAirportsAuthority(BAA),whohasbeenaccusedofputtingtheprofitsfromthevastshoppingmallsineachterminalbeforeinvestmentinsecurityandstaff.Ryanair,BritishAirwaysandtheheadoftheInternationalAirTransportAssociationhaveallcriticizedtherunningoftheairport,blamingunder-investment.

AspokesmanforHeathrownotesthatallmaynotbelostquiteyet.Ninety-sevenpercentofpassengersgetthroughsecurityafterlessthan10minutesofqueuing.ThebaggagerulesforusingUKairportshavebeenthesameforawhilenow,sotravelersshouldbegettingusedtotheplasticbagsandoneitemofhand-luggagerule.AndBAAisrecommendingthatpeopledon’tturnupearlierthantheyshould—threehoursforlong-haul,twoforshorthauland90minutesfordomesticshouldbefine.Heathrowhasalsoemployed500newsecuritystaffandopenedninenewsecuritylanesthisyear.

Andthenthere’sTerminalFive,thegleaming,light-filledRichardRodgerscreation,completewithalandscapedcivicspace,duetoopeninMarch2008.ItwillbeBritishAirways’newhomeandshouldtakethepressureofftherestoftheairport.FarmoresuitableforaLeonardo-stylesashay.

1.Leonardo’sperformanceconveystheideathatairtravelis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

3.Itcantakehourstopasstheairportsecurity,especiallywhen（）.

4.Who’stoblamefortheunder-investmentinBritishairports?

5.AccordingtoBAA,whenshoulddomesticpassengersarriveattheairport?

问题1选项

A.enchanting

B.dangerous

C.frustrating

D.time-consuming

问题2选项

A.HeathrowAirporthasthelargestsurfaceareaintheworld.

B.Thesignificantpositionoftheairportinhistoryhasbecomethemaincauseforitspresentsituation.

C.HeathrowAirportisabouttocollapseasaresultofhugepassengernumbers.

D.Theairportisdeterminedtorenovateitsoldterminalbuildings.

问题3选项

A.onlysomeoftheX-raymachinesareopen

B.alltheX-raymachinesareshutdown

C.luggagecheckedoverandoveragain

D.theluggagesystembreaksdown

问题4选项

A.BritishAirportsAuthority.

B.AssociationofEuropeanAirlines.

C.HeathrowAirport.

D.InternationalAirTransportAssociation.

问题5选项

A.1hoursbeforeboarding.

B.2hoursbeforeboarding.

C.3hoursbeforeboarding.

D.1.5hoursbeforeboarding.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Leonardo”可以定位到文章第二段，第二段最后一句说到Themessageisclear:Airtravelisglamorous,sexyandatotalbreeze.（传达出的信息很明确：航空旅行是充满魅力、性感和轻松的。），说明莱昂纳多的表演传达了航空旅行是迷人的。因此A选项“令人神往的”正确。B选项“危险的”，C选项“令人沮丧的”，D选项“耗时的”均不符合文章表达的内容，所以B，C，D错误。

2.客观细节题。由A选项关键词“largest”可以定位到文章第三段第一句whatisstilltheworld’slargestairport(bypassengernumbers)（按乘客数量计算是世界上最大的机场），说明希思罗机场的世界最大是按照乘客数量计算的，而不是面积，所以A选项“希思罗机场是世界上面积最大的机场”错误。由C选项关键词“collapse”可以定位到文章第三段第一句isstretchedtobreakingpoint,besetbydelaysandhamperedbyacreakinginfrastructure（被延误和老化的基础设施所困扰，已经到了崩溃的边缘），说明希思罗机场濒临崩溃的原因是延误和老化的设施，而不是旅客数量，所以C选项“希思罗机场因旅客数量巨大而即将崩溃”错误。D选项“机场决心对老旧航站楼进行改造”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。由B选项关键词“significantposition”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Heathrow’skeyroleinthedevelopmentofBritain’s(andtheworld’s)aviationindustryhasbeenitsundoing.（希思罗机场在英国，乃至世界航空工业发展中的关键作用导致了它的毁灭。），说明导致希思罗机场现状的原因是它的在历史上的关键作用。因此B选项“机场在历史上的重要地位成为造成其现状的主要原因”正确。

3.客观细节题。根据题干关键词“airportsecurity”可以定位到文章第五段第一句ThequeuestoclearHeathrow’ssecuritycantakehourstoclear,especiallywhennotalltheX-raymachinesareopen.（希思罗机场安检的长队可能需要数小时才能通过，尤其是当X光机没有全部开放的时候。），说明只开放了部分X光机时，安检排队时间尤为漫长。因此A选项“只有部分X光机是开放的”正确。B选项“所有的X光机都被关闭”，C选项“反复检查行李”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C错误。D选项“行李系统出现故障”是希思罗机场的问题之一，但原文没有说它是造成安检时间特别漫长的原因，所以D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段第二句Heathrow,likesevenothermajorairportsintheUK,isrunbytheBritishAirportsAuthority(BAA),whohasbeenaccusedofputtingtheprofitsfromthevastshoppingmallsineachterminalbeforeinvestmentinsecurityandstaff.（希思罗机场和英国其他七家主要机场一样，都是由英国机场管理局运营的，该管理局被指责把每个航站楼的大型购物中心的利润放在安全和员工投资之前。），说明英国机场投资不足是英国机场管理局之过。因此A选项“英国机场管理局”正确。B选项“欧洲航空公司协会”，C选项“希思罗机场”，D选项“国际航空运输协会”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第七段第四句AndBAAisrecommendingthatpeopledon’tturnupearlierthantheyshould—threehoursforlong-haul,twoforshorthauland90minutesfordomesticshouldbefine.（BAA建议乘客不要早到——长途登机前3小时，短途登机前2小时，国内航班登机前90分钟就可以了。），说明国内航班的旅客应在登机前90分钟到达机场。因此D选项“登机前1.5小时”正确。A选项“登机前1小时”，B选项“登机前2小时”，C选项“登机前3小时”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。

8.单选题

Havingafewtoomanydrinkscanmeanmorethanjustablackoutorabadhangover.Peoplewhoengageinbingedrinkingarecourtingdanger,expertswarn.

Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.A1997studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreportsthat42.7%ofallcollegestudentsengageinbingedrinking.Thewell-publicizeddeathsofseveralcollegestudentsfrombingedrinkingin1997highlightstherisks.

An18-year-oldfreshmanattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydrankhimselfintoacomaanddied.A20-year-oldfraternitypledgeatLouisianaStateUniversitydiedfromalcoholpoisoning.

“Alcoholisalwaystoxic.It’sreallyapoison，”saidStevenSchandler，professorofpsychologyatChapmanUniversityandchiefofaddictionresearchattheLongBeachVeteransAffairsHealthCareSystem,whoaddedthatbingedrinkingcanleadtoalcoholpoisoning.“Becauseit’sapoison,likeanyotherpoison,ifyoutakeinalittlebit,youmighttolerateit,butifyoutakeinalot,youmightdie.

Administratorsanddoctorssaythatcollegefreshmenareespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoning,inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.

Butproblemswithalcoholaren’tlimitedtoteenagersandyoungadults.A39-year-oldBuenaParkmanrecentlyrecalledthattwodaysofsteadyimbibingonatriptoLasVegasseveralyearsagolefthiminbadshape.

Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout4%—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%—caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.Alcoholicshavehigherlimits.Althoughnotwellunderstood，enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore,Schandlersaid.

Regardlessofaperson’stolerance,alcoholexertsitsinfluencewhentheamountofalcoholtakeninexceedstheamountthatthebodycandigest.Atthatpoint,alcoholpassesfromthebloodstreamintothebrainandbeginsitsattack.Alcoholfirstaffectsthebrain’scortex，whichcontrolsmoresophisticatedthoughtprocesses.That’swhypeoplegenerallybecomelessinhibitedundertheinfluenceofalcohol，andsomearemorewillingtotrythingsthatcouldbedangeroustothemselvesorothers.

Coordination,mainlycontrolledbythecerebellum,isthenexttogo,leadingtoslurredspeechanddifficultywalkinginastraightline.Asexcessivedrinkingcontinues,alcoholmovesdeeperintothebrainuntil“itgetstotheverybasicstructureofthebrainstemthataffectsthingslikerespirationandheartbeat,”saidDr.BretGinther,anassistantclinicalprofessorofemergencymedicineatUCIrvine.

Atthatpoint,peoplemaypassoutorfallintoacoma.Theirvitalsignsmayweaken.“Themostcommoncauseofdeathfromalcoholpoisoningisrespiratoryarrest，”saidGinther.Eventually,theheartsimplystops.Gettingtothatpointisfairlyunusual.ButGinthersaidthatatleastonceortwiceamonth,patientsarebroughtintotheemergencyroomatUCIMedicalCenterinOrangesufferingfromalcoholpoisoning.

Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.Manycollegestrytoeducatestudents,especiallythosecaughtdrinkingillegallyorcausingdisruptions.TheHigherEducationCenterforAlcoholandOtherDrugPreventioninNewton,Mass，advocatesacommunity-basedapproachthatincludesadministrators,faculty,policeandbusinessesinthefighttocurbbingedrinking,inpartbybeingonalertforpeopleabusingalcohol.Thecenteralsostressestheimportanceofparentalguidanceandurgesparentstohavefrankdiscussionswiththeirchildrenaboutexcessivedrinking.

1.Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthat“bingedrinking”is______.

2.Whyarecollegefreshmenespeciallyatriskforalcoholpoisoningaccordingtoadministratorsanddoctors?

3.Whatcanenzymesdowhenoneisdrunk?

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

5.Bingedrinkingmaymostseriouslyleadto__________.

问题1选项

A.anexcessiveconsumptionofalcohol

B.drinkingoneselfintoacoma

C.drinkingpoisonousalcohol

D.akindofillegaldrinking

问题2选项

A.Theirbodiesarenotusedtoalcohol.

B.Theycannotrefrainthemselves.

C.Theyareundergreaterpressure.

D.BothAandB

问题3选项

A.Theyhelpdrunkenpeoplesurvivewhentheytakeinmorealcoholthantolerable.

B.Theyhelppeopleincomaregainconsciousness.

C.Theyexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneys.

D.Theycanmakepeoplestayconscious.

问题4选项

A.Collegeofficialsareawareoftheseriousnessofstudents’bingedrinkingbutcannotdoanything.

B.Collegeofficialsaretakingmeasurestopreventbingedrinkingthoughwithoutmuchsuccess.

C.Collegeofficialsthinkthattheydonothaveanymethodstostopstudentsfromdrinking.

D.Collegeofficialsjuststandbywithoutdoinganythingtotheproblem.

问题5选项

A.death

B.craziness

C.disability

D.unconsciousness

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段，“Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.”，可知Bingedrinking在大学是很常见的，许多成年人把饮酒过量看作是人生的一种仪式，所以bingedrinking应该是过度饮酒的意思。选项A符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“…inpartbecausetheyoftenlackthematuritytorefrainorstop.Andforsomewhomaybenewtodrinking,theirbodieshavearelativelylowtoleranceforalcohol.”，可知一方面原因是缺乏克制，另一方面是刚开始喝酒对酒精耐受度较低。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第七段，“…enzymesthatbreakdownandexpelalcoholintheliverandkidneysdosomoreeffectivelyinseasoneddrinkers,allowingthemtotoleratemore…”，可知酶能分解并且排出肝脏和肾脏的酒精,这对经常喝酒的人效果更好，这样他们可承受更多酒精。选项C符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句，“Collegeofficialssaytheyarealwaysonthelookoutforalcoholabusebutsaythereisnofail-safemethodtokeepstudentsfromdrinking.”，可知大学行政人员一直密切关注饮酒一事，但没有相对安全的方法能阻止学生饮酒。选项B符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第七段第一句，“Doctorssaybloodalcohollevelsofabout4%—fivetimesthelegalintoxicationlimitof0.8%—caninducepotentiallylethalsideeffectsinmostpeople.”，可知血液内酒精含量为4%时，是法定的酒精中毒的限度0.8%的五倍，对大部分人产生致命的影响。所以会造成致命伤害。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Heisanyonewhobelievesthatwill,reason,andpurposearerealandsignificant;thatvalueandjusticeareaspectsofarealitycalledgoodandeviland[A]restuponsomefoundationotherthancustom;thatconsciousnessissofarfrom[B]beingamereepiphenomenonthatitisthemosttremendousofactualities;thatthe[C]unmeasuredmaybesignificant;or,tosumitallup,thatthosehumanrealities[D]whichsometimesseemtoexistonlyinthehumanmindaretheperceptionsofthemind.

问题1选项

A.rest

B.being

C.unmeasured

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】考查词形。对应前面的“themosttremendousofactualities”，C选项unmeasured应该表示“不可估量的”，这是错误的形式，原形应该来自measurable，它的否定形式是immeasurable。

10.单选题

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat（）girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.assigning

B.enrolling

C.involving

D.undertaking

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。assign分配，指派；enroll登记，招收，注册；involve涉及；undertake承担，保证。句意：1994年世界银行的一份报告得出的结论是,学校招收女生是发展中国家反贫困最有效的措施。招生用enroll。故B项正确。

11.单选题

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-cooperativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Abo