考研考博-英语-东北林业大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东北林业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto（）whatcouldhavehappened.

问题1选项

A.rehearse

B.reiterate

C.reinforce

D.reenact

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似词辨析。rehearse“排练”；reiterate“重申”；reinforce“增强”；reenact“重新定制，再扮演”。句意：他们俩都注视着犯罪现场技术人员对各种纤维取样、装袋、去除灰尘、提取指纹、拍照，并且试图重现当时发生的事情。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Thereiscurrentlyaboardanewwaveofappreciationforbreadthofknowledge.Curriculaatuniversitiesandcollegesandprogramsinfederalagenciesextolthevirtuesofabroadeducation.Forscientistswhoworkinspecializedjobs,itisapleasuretoescapeinoursparetimetoreadbroadlyinfieldsdistantfromourown.Someofushavemadeinterdisciplinarystudyinouroccupation,whichisnosurprise,becausemuchoftheintellectualactioninoursocietytodayliesattheinterfacesbetweentraditionaldisciplines.Environmentalscienceisagoodexample,becauseitfrequentlyrequiresustobeconversantinseveraldifferentsciencesandevensomeunscientificfields.

Experiencingthisbreadthofknowledgeisstimulating,butsoisdelvingdeeplyintoasubject.Botharewonderfulexperiencesthatarecomplementarypracticalandaestheticways.Theyarelikeviewingthemarveloussculptureofknowledgeintwodifferentways.Lookatthesculpturefromoneperspectiveandyouseethepieceinitsentirety,howitscomponentsconnecttogiveitform,balance,andsymmetry.Fromanotherviewpointyouseeitsdetail,depthandmass.Thereisnoneedtochoosebetweenthesetwoperspectivesinart.Todosowouldsubtractfromthetotalityofthefigure.

Soitiswithscience.Sometimeswegazethroughasubjectandarereluctanttostopfortoomuchdetail.Aschemists,wearefascinatedbycomputerscienceormoleculargenetics,butnotenoughtobecomeanexpert.Orwemaybeinterestedinananalyticaltechniquebutnotenoughtostayatitscuttingedge.Atothertimes,webecomeimmersedinthedetailofasubjectandseeitsbeautyinanentirelydifferentwaythanwhenwebrowse.Itisasifwepenetratethesurfaceofthesculptureandpassthroughthecrystalstructuretothemolecularlevelwherethecodefortheentirestructureisrevealed.

Unfortunately,inourzealforbreadthordepth,weoftenfeelthatitisnecessarytodiminishthevalueoftheother.Specialistsaresometimesridiculedwithnamedsuchas“nerd”or“technocrats”,generalistsareoftencriticizedforbeingtoo“soft”orknowingtoolittleaboutanyonething.Bothareludicrousaccusationsthatdenyapartoftherealityofenvironmentalscience.Letusnotbedividedbyourpassionfordepthorbreadth.Thebeautythatawaitsusoneitherrouteistooprecioustostifle,toowonderfultodiminishbybickering.

1.Fromabroadeducationtointerdisciplinarystudy,wecansee（）.

2.Thecommentatorwouldsaythatthetotalityofthesculptureofknowledge（）.

3.Justbecausewebecomeengrossedinthedetailofasubject,accordingtothecomment,doesnotmeanthatwe（）.

4.Itiscommentator’scontentionthatneitherspecialistsnorgeneralist（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theintegrationoftheorywithpractice

B.theenthusiasmforbreadthofknowledge

C.therapiddivisionoftraditionaldisciplines

D.theconfrontationbetweenspecialistsandgeneralists

问题2选项

A.ismainlycomposedoftwoelements

B.presentstwodifferentpointsofview

C.cannotbeperceivedfromoneperspective

D.isawholemadeupofcomplementaryelements

问题3选项

A.canhaveanunderstandingofit

B.willdevelopintoanexpert

C.willperceiveitsentirety

D.areinterestedinit

问题4选项

A.havezealforthetotalityoftheknowledgesculpture

B.representthedepthandbreadthofknowledge

C.arenecessarilysupposedtobelittletheother

D.canbequalifiedasenvironmentalscientists

问题5选项

A.InterdisciplinaryStudyasOurOccupation

B.BreadthandDepthofKnowledge

C.TheWaysofDoingScience

D.TheBeautyofScience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段，知识广度的兴起，让大家拥有了远离自己领域研究的快乐，也能感受到对知识广度的追求和热爱。因此B选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“Theyarelikeviewingthemarveloussculptureofknowledgeintwodifferentways”,他们就像用两种不同的方式来欣赏这座知识的雕塑。由此可知，对于评论家来说这两种不同的方式就像是两种不同的观点。因此B选项符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Atothertimes,webecomeimmersedinthedetailofasubjectandseeitsbeautyinanentirelydifferentwaythanwhenwebrowse.Itisasifwepenetratethesurfaceofthesculptureandpassthroughthecrystalstructuretothemolecularlevelwherethecodefortheentirestructureisrevealed”,在其他时候，我们会沉浸在一个主题的细节中，以一种与浏览完全不同的方式看到它的美。这就好像我们穿透了雕塑的表面，穿过晶体结构到达了分子水平，在那里，整个结构的密码被揭示了。由此可知，通过一个主题细节可以观察到它的美，但要认知到整体还是不够的。因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Letusnotbedividedbyourpassionfordepthorbreadth.Thebeautythatawaitsusoneitherrouteistooprecioustostifle,toowonderfultodiminishbybickering”,让我们不要因对深度或广度的热情而分裂。在两条路线上等待我们的美丽是太珍贵而不能扼杀，太美妙而不能因争吵而减少。由此可知，不管是专家还是通才，都不应受到贬低。因此C选项符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章内容是对知识深度和广度的探讨和研究。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

问题1选项

A.insincere

B.premature

C.premise

D.presumption

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。insincereadj.不诚恳的；premature不成熟的；premise前提，假定；presumption推测，放肆。句意：科学家认为在所有相关数据被收集、分析和计划之前就容易得出来的结论称之为（）。由句子内容可知这种结论是一种推测。故D项正确。

4.单选题

Oneofthechieffunctionsofslangwordsistoconsolidateone’s（）withagroup.

问题1选项

A.introduction

B.superstition

C.identification

D.specification

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项introduction“介绍；引进；入门”；B选项superstition“迷信”；C选项identification“辨认；认同；身份”；D选项specification“规格；说明书”。句意：俚语的主要功能之一增强与其一伙人的（）。根据语境，俚语主要是拉近人和人之间的距离，identification“认同”比较合理。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Thetragicimpactofthemodemcityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetic.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietyhavedivertedhisattentionfromhiscityanditsculturalpotentialstotheproductsofscienceandtechnologywashingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisionsets,computersandfittedcarpets.Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do.acardriver,andhasneverhaditsogood.

HeisreluctanttoWalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort.Astherearenoadequateoff-streetparkingfacilities,thecitiesarelitteredwithkerb-parkedcarsandparkingmetersrearthemselveseverywhere.Congestionha9becomethepredominantfactorinhisenvironmentandstatisticssuggestthattwocarsperhouseholdsystemmaysoonmakemattersworse.

Inthemeantime,insultisaddedtoinjuryby“landvalue’’..Thevalueoflandresultsfromitsuse:itsincomeisderivedfromtheserviceitprovides.Whenitsuseisintensified,itsincomeanditsvalueincrease.“Puttinglandtoitshighestandbestuse”becomestheprincipaleconomicstandardinurbangrown.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressureofincreasingpopulationleadtothe“vertical”growthofcitieswiththeresultthatpeopleareforcedtoadjustthemselvestocongestioninordertomaintaintheserelativelyartificiallandvalues.Paradoxicallytheremedyforremovingcongestionistocreatemoreofit.

Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo-decentralizationintheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown:ifitisnotcombinedwiththeremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystemitdoesnotcureit.Heretheengineeringsolutionsarestronglyaffectedbythenecessityforcomplicatedintersectionswhichinrum,arefrustratedbytheextravagantcostofland.

Itiswithinourpowertobuildbettercitiesandrevivethecivicprideoftheircitizens,butweshallhavetostopoperatingonthefringeoftheproblem.Weshallhaveradicallytoreplanthemtoachievearationaldensityofpopulation.Weshallhavetoprovideinthemwhatcanbecalledminimum“psychologicalelbowroom.”Oneoftheingredientsofthiswillbepropertransportationplans.Thesewillhavetobeanintegralpartoftheoverallplanningprocesswhichinitselfisascientificprocesswherefactsareessential.Wemustcollect,inanorganizedmanner,allandcompleteinformationaboutthecityorthetown,ifwewanttoplaneffectively.

Theprincipalunitthisprocessis“IM”(oneman).Wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillorthepeople.Scientificmethodsofdatacollectionandanalysiswillindicatetrends,buttheywillnotdirectaction.Scientificmethodsareonlyaninstrument.The‘man-educated"man,thehumanwillhavetosetthetarget,andusingtheresultsobtainedbyscienceandhisownengineeringskill:takeuponhimselfthefinalshapingofhisenvironment.Hewillhavetousehishighmoralsenseofresponsibilitytothecommunityandtofuturegenerations.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthatpeopleinoldtimes（

）.

2.Thehighly-developedtechnologyhasmademan（

）.

3.Thedrasticincreaseoflandvalueinthecity（

）.

4.Theexpansionofbigcitiestothedistantsuburbanareasmay（

）.

5.Theauthorsuggeststhattheremodelingofcitiesmust（

）.

问题1选项

A.paidmoreattentiontomaterialbenefits

B.hadastrongersenseofbeauty

C.weremoredesirousaboutthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

D.enjoyedmorefreedomanddemocracy

问题2选项

A.increasinglyindustrious

B.freefrominconvenience

C.excessivelydependentonexternalaids

D.abletosavehisphysicalstrength

问题3选项

A.isthegoodresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.offersmoreopportunitiestolanddealers

C.isannoyinglyartificialandmeaningless

D.fortunatelyleadstothe“vertical”growthofcities

问题4选项

A.solvetheproblemofcitycongestion

B.resultintheremodelingofthetown’stransportationsystem

C.bringthesamecongestiontothesuburbanareas

D.needlessinvestmentonland

问题5选项

A.putprioritytothebenefitofthefuturegenerations

B.befocusedonpeopleratherthanoneconomy

C.beeconomicallyprofitabletolandowners

D.resorttoscientificmethods

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据文章第一句Thetragicimpactofthemodemcityonthehumanbeinghaskilledhissenseofaesthetic.现代城市对人类产生的悲剧性影响己经扼杀了人类的审美意识。所以推断他认为古时候的人的审美意识更强一些。B选项’有更强的审美观‘正确。

2.根据第一段的后半部分和第二段的前两句中Heis,atthemoment,drunkwithdemocracy,well-to-do.acardriver,andhasneverhaditsogood.Heisreluctanttowalk.Statisticsrevealthatthedistanceheispreparedtowalkfromhisparkingplacetohisshoppingcenterisveryshort：此时此刻，人们陶醉于民主、富足、以车代步，这种感觉是以前所没有的。人们不愿步行。统计数据表明，人们从停车地点到购物商店，愿意步行的距离很短。推断人类在享受着科技成果带来的种种方便的同时也变得更加懒惰了，人类已经变得更加依赖外来的帮助，即现代化机器的帮助。所以C选项‘过分依靠外部帮助‘正确。

3.根据文章第三段可知，土地价值的增长一是人为的，二是对于解决城市拥挤的问题无济于事。所以C选项’是令人讨厌的人为和无意义的‘符合题意。

4.根据第四段Partialdecentralization,orrather,pseudo-decentralization,intheformoflargedevelopmentunitsawayfromthetraditionaltowncenters,onlyshiftsthediseaseroundtheanatomyofthetown：采取把大型的发展单位迁离传统的中心城市的做法，是一种部分分散，或更准确地说是一种准分散。因为这种分散只会把中心城市的拥挤弊病带给新兴地区。确定C选项‘把同样的拥挤弊病带给新兴地区‘正确。

5.根据最后一段的内容Wemustnotforgetthatcitiesarebuiltbypeople,andthattheirformandshapeshouldbesubjecttothewillofthepeople.：我们一定不要忘记，城市是由人来建设的，城市的布局和外观形象应该受人民的意愿所支配。所以推断作者认为，城市是由人建造的，它们的构成以及形式应该取决于人的意志。这也就是说，城市的重新设计应该强调人的意志，所以B选项‘以人民的意愿为重点‘正确。

6.单选题

Thebusinessisbothhighlycyclicaland（）aspriceinformationabouttransactionsmaynotbepublicized;andwhenitis,itcanbemisleading.

问题1选项

A.private

B.slack

C.opaque

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。private“私有的”；slack“松弛的，萧条的”；opaque“不透明的”；redundant“多余的，冗长的”。句意：这项交易具有很高的周期性和不透明性，因为价格信息可能没有公开，可能会造成误导。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Tohisinquiryifshewerehurt,shemadesomeincoherentreply（）shedidnotknow.

问题1选项

A.tothepointthat

B.totheeffectthat

C.totheextentthat

D.tothesensethat

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项tothepointthat“到….程度”；B选项totheeffectthat“大意是，意思是”；C选项totheextentthat“达到…的程度以致；就…来说”；D选项tothesensethat没有这种表达。句意：对于他问她是否受伤了，她给出了一些语无伦次地回答，大意是她不知道。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:

Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”，B项component“组成的”，C项competent“有能力的”，D项compulsive“强制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒绝提到剩余工资并提出了一个简单而又引人注目的问题：为什么雇主要为一次同样的工作付两次钱？因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressure.Refineryworkers’andpetroleum-equipment-manufacturing,employeesarebeing____.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.laidout展示；安排B.laidoff解雇；休息

C.laiddown放下；制定D.laidaside搁置；储蓄

【答案】B

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力。炼油工人和石油设备制造业的雇员正在被……。根据逻辑，公司受到压力时，有可能进行裁员，因此这些雇佣员工可能被解雇。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力。炼油工人和石油设备制造业的雇员正在被解雇。

10.单选题

AnarchitectofIsraelisettlementsintheoccupiedlands,Mr.Sharongainedinternational（）overtheyearsforharshtacticsagainstthePalestiniansover（）Israelruled.

问题1选项

A.fame...which

B.infamy...which

C.infamy...whom

D.fame...whom

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析和语法。fame“名声”；infamy“声名狼藉”。根据句子结构，可知空格中应该填入关系代词引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词Palestinians，因为先行词是人，所以关系代词选用whom，句意：Mr.Sharon因为对由以色列人统治的巴基斯坦人的残酷手段在国际上声名狼藉。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

TheUNofficialsaidaidprogramswillbe_______untilthereisadequateprotectionforreliefpersonnel.

问题1选项

A.multiplied

B.arrested

C.spanned

D.suspended

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。multiple“增加”；arrest“逮捕”；span“跨越”；suspend“推迟，延缓”。句意：这位联合国官员说救援项目将会被推迟，直到对救援人员有足够的保护为止。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

问题1选项

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语为twotheories（两种理论），空格后面的“concerning”为动词的现在分词做后置定语，因此空格处应填入一个谓语动词，四个选项中，只有C项可做谓语。句意：古希腊的天文学家创立了两种关于地球在宇宙中的位置的理论。

13.单选题

Thegovernmentofficialsestimatethatthewarhascreatedmorethanhalfamillion（

）whoneedimmediatefood,clothingandshelter.

问题1选项

A.exiles

B.hostages

C.survivors

D.refugees

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项exile“放逐，流放”；B选项hostage“人质，抵押品”；C选项survivor“幸存者”；D选项refugee“难民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官员估计，战争导致50多万难民急需食物、衣服和住所。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Becomingdisabledbyanaccidentisoneofthemostserious（

）thatalldriversface.

问题1选项

A.shortcomings

B.faults

C.mistakes

D.hazards

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。shortcoming意为“短处，缺点”；fault意为“缺点，缺陷”；mistake意为“错误，过失”；hazard意为“危险，危害，事故”。

句意：车祸致残是所有司机面临的最大威胁之一。

15.单选题

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwater~~cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

问题1选项

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

问题2选项

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

问题3选项

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

问题4选项

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

问题5选项

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一句话Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.“几个世纪以前，人类发现去除食物中的水分有助于保存食物，最简单的方法就是将食物暴露在阳光和风下。由此可知将食物放在室外环境中风干的方法在几百年前就为人所知了。故C项符合题意。

2.细节事实題。根据文章第二段中的Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.“如果这些水分被除去，导致食物变坏的细菌的活动就会被抑制。故D项“通过风干，细菌的活动被大大减少。”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.“现在大多数食品是用机械干燥的。这种脱水的传统方法是把食物放在室内，热空气在大约110°C入口被吹到大约43°C出口。这是干燥蔬菜、肉末和鱼等食物的常用方法。”故可以推断出常用室内热空气来烘干蔬菜室，故B项“热空气室”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由最后一段中的Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.“由于这些原因，它们对攀登者、探险者和战场上的士兵来说是无价的，因为他们没有多少储存空间。”可知与B项相符，故答案为B。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段中的Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.“它们也很受家庭主妇的欢迎，因为烹饪时间很短”可知选项A“很快就准备好”符合题意。答案A。

16.单选题

Therearehiddenfactorswhichscientistscall“feedbackmechanisms”.Nooneknowsquitehowtheywillinteractwiththechangingclimate.Here’soneexample:plantsandanimalsadapttoclimatechangeovercenturies.Atthecurrentestimateofhalfadegreecentigradeofwarmingperdecade,vegetationmaynotkeepup.ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.The1000kilometer-widestripofforestrunningthroughCanada,theUSSR,andScandinaviacouldbecutbyhalf.Millionsofdyingtreeswouldsoonleadtomassiveforestfires,releasingtonsofC02andfurtherboostingglobalwarming.

Therearedozensofotherpossible“feedbackmechanisms”.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.Others,likethe“albedo”effect,willdotheopposite.The“albedo”effectistheamountofsolarenergyreflectedbytheearth'ssurface.Asnortherniceandsnowmeltsandthedarkerseaandlandpokesthrough,moreheatwillbeabsorbed,addingtotheglobaltemperatureincrease.

Evenifweweretomagicallystopallgreenhouse-gasemissionstomorrowtheimpactonglobalclimatewouldcontinuefordecades.Delaywillsimplymaketheproblemworse.Thefactisthatsomeofusaredoingquitewellthewaythingsare.Inthedevelopedworldprosperityhasbeenbuilton150yearsofcheapfossilfuels.

Materialprogresshasbeenlinkedtoenergyconsumption.Today75percentofalltheworld'senergyisconsumedbyaquarteroftheworld’spopulation.Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.TheUS,withjust7percentoftheglobalpopulation,isresponsiblefor22percentofglobalwarming.

1.“Feedbackmechanisms”inParagraph1mostprobablyreferto（

）.

2.JamesHansenpredictsthattheshiftofclimatezoneswillbeaccompaniedby（

）.

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.howplantsandanimalsadapttohiddenfactors

B.howplantsandanimalsinteractwiththechangingclimate

C.howclimatechanges

D.howclimatezonesshift

问题2选项

A.thecuttingofmanytrees

B.desirableenvironmentalchanges

C.successfulmigrationofspecies

D.unsuccessfulmigrationoftrees

问题3选项

A.somefeedbackmechanismsmayslowdownglobalwarming

B.thebasicfactsofglobalwarmingareunknown

C.developingcountriesbenefitfromcheapfossilfuels

D.developedcountrieshavedecidedtoreducetheirenergyconsumption 

问题4选项

A.thedevelopingworldhasdecidedtoincreaseitsenergyconsumption

B.athird-worldcitizenaddslessthanatonofC02yearlytotheatmosphere

C.theworldclimatewouldsoongainitsbalanceifwestoppedgreenhouse-gasemissions

D.futureprosperityoftheworldisdependentoncheapfossilfuels

问题5选项

A.MaterialProgressandEnergyConsumption.

B.ProsperityandCheapFossilFuels.

C.ImpactofGlobalWarmingonClimate.

D.PlantsandAnimalsintheChangingClimate.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段，作者举出了植物和动物适应气候变化的例子。气温上升可能对植被的生长带来不利影响，气候区的移动会使处于陌生环境下的物种死亡。濒临死亡的植被会引发火灾释放大量的二氧化碳，从而进一步加剧全球变暖。可判断出第一段主要讨论了动植物和气候变化之间的相互作用和相互关系。所谓的“反馈机制”就是这种相互作用的关系。选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段，“ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.”，可知气候学家詹姆斯•汉森预测，气候区将以每年50至75公里的速度向两极移动，比树的自然移动速度要快。而且发现自己身处陌生环境的物种将会死亡。可判断出詹姆斯•汉森预测，气候区域的变化将伴随着树木不成功地迁移。选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Therearedozensofotherpossible‘feedbackmechanisms’.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.”，可知还有许多其他的反馈机制。更高的温度将加剧凝结并增加云层，这实际上可能会减缓全球变暖。可判断出一些反馈机制可能会减缓全球变暖。选项A符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.”，可知富裕国家居民平均每年向大气中排放3.2吨二氧化碳，是第三世界居民人均排放量的四倍多。可判断出一个第三世界国家的居民每年向大气中排放的二氧化碳还不到一吨。选项B符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章第一段主要讨论了动植物和全球气候变暖之间的相互作用和相互关系，着重讨论气候变暖给动植物带来的影响。第二段主要提到有些反馈机制也能减缓全球变暖，而有些反馈机制会加快气温上升。最后提到富国比第三世界国家的二氧化碳排放量要更多，这是因为物质进步与能源消耗有关。综上所述，整篇文章主题为全球变暖对气候的影响。选项C符合题意。

17.单选题

Ahiddenalarmunderthecashier’stablecanbe____incaseofemergency.

问题1选项

A.negotiated

B.initiated

C.launched

D.activated

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.negotiated谈判；协商B.initiated开始；发起

C.launched发射D.activated激活

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下……。根据逻辑，在紧急情况下，可以启动也就是激活警报器。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下启动。

18.单选题

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans