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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津渤海职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.填空题

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprisewhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Awhich改为where或forwhich

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】itisdifficulttolaydownrules是修饰enterprise的定语从句,enterprise表示地点,所以可以用where引导。结合固定句型Itisdifficultforsb.todosth.,此题为forenterprise,在这里forwhich相当于where。

【句意】家庭是合作式企业,很难制定规则,因为每个家庭都需要找到适合自己的办法来解决属于自己的问题。

2.单选题

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

问题1选项

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。geton“上车;进展”;getthrough“通过;度过”;getover“克服;恢复”;getby“获得认可”。句意:如果一杯咖啡都不喝的话,大多数人都不能度过一天。因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thepresident'sspeechwasso

thatmanypeoplewerepersuadedtoaccepttheneedforchange.

问题1选项

A.expressive

B.inherent

C.eloquent

D.frequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。expressive“表现的”;inherent“固有的,内在的”;eloquent“雄辩的,有口才的”;frequent“频繁的”。句意:总统的演讲非常有说服力,以至于许多人都被说服接受了变革的必要性。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

I(

)withtheBrownsduringmystayinNewYorkCity.

问题1选项

A.putin

B.putdown

C.puton

D.putup

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我在纽约市逗留期间和布朗一家人过了一夜。

短语辨析。Putin度过,消磨(时间等);putdown写下,记录;puton上演,演出;putup供给……住宿。因此D符合句意。

5.单选题

Myworkwithleadersfromallwalksoflifehas(

)methattheywerenotbornleaders—theyaremade.

问题1选项

A.advocated

B.implied

C.convinced

D.illustrated

【答案】C

【解析】convincesb.that“使某人相信...”。句意:我与各行各业领导人的共事让我相信,他们不是天生的领导者,而是后天形成的。选项C正确。

6.单选题

Thecrowdcheeredin(

)whentheplayerscaughttheball.

问题1选项

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.interaction

D.participation

【答案】B

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。recognition“识别;承认,认出;”;appreciation“欣赏,鉴别;感谢”;interaction“相互作用”;participation“参与;分享;参股”。根据cheer与caughttheball可知观众是因为球被接住欢呼,对球员表示赞赏,因此选项B符合题意。句意:当球员接住球时,观众欢呼表示赞赏。

7.单选题

AllEskimoslivemostoftheirlivesclosetosaltorfreshwater.Theymayfollowgameinlandforseveralhundredmiles,buttheyalwaysreturntotheshoresofrivers,lakesorseas.Eskimolandhasabarelook.Largerocks,pebbles,andsandcovermuchofthesurface.Plantscalledlichengrowrightonrocks.Andwherethereisenoughsoil,evergrass,flowersandsmallbushesmanagetolive.NotreescangrowontheEskimoland,sogeographerssometimescallthiscountrytheArcticplains.Someanimals,suchasrabbitsandcaribou,eattheplants.Others,likethewhitefoxandgreywolf,eattherabbitsandcaribou.TheEskimoisameat-eater,too,andmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarce.

TheEskimoyearhastwomainparts:along,coldwinterandashort,coolsummer.SpringandfallalmosttooshorttobenoticeD.Summeristhegoodtime,whenfoodisusuallyplentiful.ButitisalsothetimewhentheEskimosareverybusy.Winterisneverfaraway,andthemenmustbringhomeextrameatforthewomentoprepareandstore.Forseldomcanenoughanimalsbekilledinwintertofeedafamily.

TheFarNorthissometimescalledthelandofthemidnightsun.Thisistrueinthemiddleofsummer,forbetweenApril21standAugust21st,thesunneversetsinNorthernGreenlanD.ButinmidwintertheFarNorthisalandwithnosunshiningatall.AroundOct.21sttheEskimosofNorthernGreenlandseethesunsettingstraightsouthofthem,andtheydon'tseeitagainuntilFebruary22nD.Allplacesonearthgetaboutthesameamountofdaylightduringayear.Asaresult,ifsummerislighter,winterhastobedarker.WinternightsintheFarNorthareseldompitch-black.Asintherestoftheworld,thestarsandthemoonprovidealittlelight.ThenorthernlightsalsohelptheEskimostosee.Andwiththegroundcoveredwithsnow,evenalittlelightisreflectedbacktotheEskimo'seyes.

1.OntheEskimoland,().

2.IntheEskimoyear,().

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferallthefollowingexceptthat()

4.InmidwinterthereisnosunshiningintheFarNorthbecause().

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis().

问题1选项

A.rabbitsliveontheplants

B.soilisrichandplentiful

C.grassgrowsmoreeasilythanlichen

D.lichenisfoundonlyrocks

问题2选项

A.therearenospringandfall

B.winteriscoldandsummerishot

C.summerisatimeforgrowingfood

D.wintercomesearlyandgoeslate

问题3选项

A.Eskimosaremorelikelytoeatwolvesinsummer

B.Eskimowomenareresponsibleforhousework

C.animalmeatisEskimo'smainsourceoffood

D.huntingisanimportantpartofEskimolife

问题4选项

A.theFarNorthistoofarawayfromthesun

B.thesunisnotseenagainforsixmonths

C.thesunneversetsinmidsummer

D.peopleseethesunsettingstraightsoughtofthem

问题5选项

A.AStoryoftheEskimo

B.TheBareFarNorth

C.EskimoLandandClimate

D.TheEskimoYear

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容可知,爱斯基摩人的土地贫瘠,地衣比草的生命力强,所以选项B和C错误;选项D表述太绝对,在文中也没有提及,所以排除。根据第一段的倒数第二句可知,选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知,爱斯基摩人的春天和秋天很短,并不是没有,所以选项A错误;冬季寒冷夏季凉爽,而不是炎热,所以选项B也错误,选项C在文中没有提及;选项D冬季来得早去得迟,说明冬季很漫长,符合原文,所以本题选D。

3.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“TheEskimoisameat-eater,too,andmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarce.”爱斯基摩人只在食物匮乏时才吃狼,在夏天食物充足的情况下是不会吃狼的。所以选项A与原文不符。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“Thisistrueinthemiddleofsummer,forbetweenApril21standAugust21st,thesunneversetsinNorthernGreenland.”因为从4月21日到8月21日,格陵兰岛北部的太阳从不落下。选项C符合原文。

5.全文主旨题。本文主要介绍了爱斯基摩人居住地区的环境、季节及天气状况等。所以选项C更恰当。

8.单选题

Proteinsynthesisbeginswhenthegeneencodingaproteinisactivated.Thegene’ssequenceofnucleotidesistranscribedintoamoleculeofmessengerRNA(mRNA),whichreproducestheinformationcontainedinthatsequence.Transportedoutsidethenucleustothecytoplasm,themRNAistranslatedintotheproteinitencodesbyanorganelleknownasaribosome,whichstringstogetheraminoacidsintheorderspecifiedbythesequenceofelementsinthemRNAmolecule.SincetheamountofmRNAinacelldeterminestheamountofthecorrespondingprotein,factorsaffectingtheabundanceofmRNA’splayamajorpartinthenormalfunctioningofacellbyappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis.Forexample,anexcessofcertainproteinscancausecellstoproliferateabnormallyandbecomecancerous;alackoftheproteininsulinresultsindiabetes.

BiologistsonceassumedthatthevariableratesatwhichcellssynthesizedifferentmRNA’sdeterminesthequantitiesofmRNA’sandtheircorrespondingproteinsinacell.However,recentinvestigationshaveshownthattheconcentrationsofmostmRNA’scorrelatebest,notwiththeirsynthesisrate,butratherwiththeequallyvariableratesatwhichcellsdegradethedifferentmRNA’sintheircytoplasm.IfacelldegradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNAslowly,bothmRNA’swillaccumulatetohighlevels.

Animportantexampleofthisphenomenonisthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsfromtheirunspecializedparentcellsinbonemarrow.Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin(whichtransportsoxygen)tocarryouttheirmainfunction,thecells’parentcellsmustsimultaneouslyproducemoreoftheconstituentproteinsofhemoglobinandlessofmostotherproteins.Todothis,theparentcellshaltsynthesisofnon-hemoglobinmRNA’sinthenucleusandrapidlydegradecopiesofthenon-hemoglobinmRNA’sremaininginthecytoplasm.HaltingsynthesisofmRNAalonewouldnotaffectthequantitiesofproteinssynthesizedbythemRNA’sstillexistinginthecytoplasm.BiologistsnowbelievethatmostcellscanregulateproteinproductionmostefficientlybyvaryingbothmRNAsynthesisanddegradation,asdevelopingredcellsdo,ratherthanbyjustvaryingoneortheother.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?

3.Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcells

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioning

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNA

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasm

问题2选项

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.

问题3选项

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.

问题4选项

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.本文主要讨论了________。

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsA.信使核糖核苷酸浓度对红细胞发育的影响

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioningB.信使核糖核苷酸的合成和降解在细胞功能中的作用

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNAC.基因被转换成信使核糖核苷酸的机制

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasmD.细胞核和细胞质中信使核糖核苷酸浓度的差异

【答案】B

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章在第一段在第一句“当编码蛋白质的基因被激活时,蛋白质合成就开始了(Proteinsynthesisbegins)。”引出话题,然后讲述信使核糖核苷酸的合成;第二段讲述信使核糖核苷酸的降解,在第二段最后一句总结“如果一个细胞同时降解(degrades)快速合成和缓慢合成的信使核糖核酸,这两种信使核糖核酸的浓度都会累积到很高的水平。”;第三段在最后一句总结“大多数细胞可以通过改变信使核糖核酸的合成和降解来最有效地调节蛋白质的产生(regulateproteinproductionmostefficiently)”,点出信使核糖核酸的合成和降解对细胞的作用。综上所述,本文分别讲述了信使核糖核酸的合成和降解及其在细胞中的作用,因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“信使核糖核苷酸浓度对红细胞发育的影响”:这是第三段的内容,不能概括全文,属于以偏概全;

C选项“基因被转换成信使核糖核苷酸的机制”:这是第一段的内容,不能概括全文,属于以偏概全;

D选项“细胞核和细胞质中信使核糖核苷酸浓度的差异”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?根据这篇文章,当蛋白质没有得到适当的调节时,会发生下列哪一种情况?

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.A.糖尿病可能是由于核糖体将信使核糖核酸转换成蛋白质时发生的错误。

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.B.如果骨髓细胞产生过多的机制,就会出现红细胞不足。

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.C.某些蛋白质过量可能导致癌症,胰岛素缺乏可能导致糖尿病。

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.D.过量合成一种蛋白质会引发其他蛋白质信使核糖核酸的降解,并造成严重的蛋白质失衡。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词appropriatelyregulated定位到第一段倒数二句,该处讲到“因子通过适当地调节蛋白质的合成(byappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis),在细胞的正常功能中起着重要作用。”,结合该段最后一句“例如(Forexample),某些蛋白质过量(excessofcertainproteins)会导致细胞异常增殖并癌变(cancerous),缺乏胰岛素蛋白(alackoftheproteininsulin)会导致糖尿病(diabetes)。”,可知蛋白质没有得到适当的调整,其结果是某些蛋白质过量可能导致癌症,胰岛素缺乏可能导致糖尿病,因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“糖尿病可能是由于核糖体将信使核糖核酸转换成蛋白质时发生了错误”:糖尿病的病因不是这个,属于无中生有;

B选项“如果骨髓细胞产生过多的机制,就会出现红细胞不足”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有;

D选项“过量合成一种蛋白质会引发其他蛋白质信使核糖核酸的降解,并造成严重的蛋白质失衡”:文中没有提到过量合成一种蛋白质会引发其他蛋白质信使核糖核酸的降解,属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?红细胞中血红蛋白浓度的积累是作为下列哪一选项的例子?

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA.A.信使核糖核酸合成和降解同时转换的速率有效性。

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.B.核糖体在使母细胞发育成更特殊形式中的作用。

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.C.在正确时刻激活特定蛋白质基因的重要性。

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.D.现在已经淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成观点的证据。

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词concentrationsofhemoglobin定位到第三段第二句,该处讲到“为了使红细胞积累足够浓度的血红蛋白(Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin)”,该段第一句“这一现象(thisphenomenon)的重要例子(example)是……”起承上启下的作用,这里的example指的是题干中的例子,phenomenon指的是第二段最后两句“大多数信使核糖核酸的浓度与细胞降解细胞质中不同信使核糖核酸的相同转换速率(equallyvariablerates)最为相关。如果一个细胞同时降解快速合成和缓慢合成的信使核糖核酸(degradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNA),这两种信使核糖核酸的浓度都会累积到很高的水平。”,可知举例是为了说明信使核糖核酸可以同时进行合成和降解的转换,因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“核糖体在使母细胞发育成更特殊形式中的作用”:文中没有提到母细胞发育成更特殊形式,属于无中生有;

C选项“在正确时刻激活特定蛋白质基因的重要性”:文中没有提到应该在什么时候激活特定蛋白质基因,属于无中生有;

D选项“现在已经淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成观点的证据”:这个例子不是为了证明已经淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成观点,而是证明属于最新研究的观点,属于张冠李戴。

第4题:【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?下面哪个选项最恰当地描述了文章第二段和第三段之间的关系?

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.A.第二段提出支持一个新理论的论点,第三段提出反对那个理论的论点。

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.B.第二段描述了传统的观点,第三段描述了根据最近的调查而取代它的观点。

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.C.第三段叙述了为解决第二段所述问题而进行的研究。

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.D.第三段列举第二段大致描述的现象的具体例子。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词secondandthirdparagraphs定位到第三段第一句,该处讲到“这一现象的重要例子是(Animportantexampleofthisphenomenon)红细胞从非特化骨髓母细胞发育而来。”,而thisphenomenon指的是第二段最后两句“最近的研究表明……”,可知第三段是第二段观点的例子,对其进行佐证,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“第二段提出支持某个新理论的论点,第三段提出反对那个理论的论点”:对应第二段第一句“生物学家曾经假定(onceassumed)……”以及该段第二句“然而(However),最近的研究(recentinvestigations)表明……”,第二段已经提出了两个论点,第三段举例论证,属于偷换概念;

B选项“第二段描述了传统的观点,第三段描述了根据最近的调查而取代它的观点”:这两种观点都是第二段的内容,本选项只讲到第二段的内容,属于以偏概全;

C选项“第三段叙述了为解决第二段所述问题而进行的研究”:第三段不是在讲述研究人员进行的科学研究,而是通过阐述事实举例子,属于偷换概念。

9.单选题

TheAmericanstudentscametoourschoolinNovember,andwethenmadea()visittotheirs.

问题1选项

A.bilateral

B.reciprocal

C.considerate

D.rewarding

【答案】A

【解析】近义词辨析。Bilateral“双边的、双方的”,reciprocal“互惠的,相应的”,considerate“体贴的,考虑周到的”,rewarding“有益的”。句意:11月份美国学生来我校参观,我们也要参观他们的学校。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Tohim,NewYorkwasaplace(

)broughtbacktomindpainfulmemories.

问题1选项

A.where

B.inwhich

C.that

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】句意:于他而言,纽约是一个有痛苦记忆的地方。

语法题。考查定语从句。先行词为Place,在主句中作表语,所以定语从句中关系词用that。

11.单选题

TheStoicsandtheEpicureans,however(

)intherestoftheirsystems,agreedinholdingthemselvesboundtoprovethattheirrespectivemaximsofconductwerethedictatesofnature.

问题1选项

A.irresponsible

B.irreconcilable

C.irreproachable

D.irremediable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。irresponsible“不可靠的”;irreconcilable“矛盾的”;irreproachable“无可指责的”;irremediable“不能挽回的”。句意:斯多葛学派和伊壁鸠鲁派在其余的体系中是矛盾的,但是他们一致认为必须证明他们各自的行为准则是符合自然要求的。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.

Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.

Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.

1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith().

2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto().

3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans().

4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby().

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto().

问题1选项

A.earthquakesonly

B.tsunamisonly

C.bothearthquakesandtsunamis

D.variousnaturaldisasters

问题2选项

A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildings

B.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccur

C.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamis

D.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena

问题3选项

A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappen

B.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccur

C.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapers

D.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen

问题4选项

A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarming

B.destructionofthebalanceoftheecology

C.earthquakes

D.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission

问题5选项

A.structuresofthebuilding

B.solidityofthebuilding

C.theheightofthebuilding

D.thelocalgeology

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲的是地震及其影响,并着重介绍了其最具破坏性的影响之一——海啸。所以选项C正确。

2.信息推断题。根据第一段倒数第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知,seismologists的目标是了解地球上的地震及其引发的其他活动。选项D符合原文。

3.信息推断题。结合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享这些信息能够帮助减少可能发生的死亡和受伤人数。由此可以推断,“earthquake-pronearea”指容易发生地震的地方,选项A正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段的一二句可知,地震最具破坏性的影响之一是海啸。海啸是巨大的海浪,发生在海底地震后。由此可知,海啸是由地震导致的,选项C正确。

5.事实细节题。根据最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影响地震强度的一个因素是当地的地质条件。选项D符合原文。

13.单选题

Publicdebatearoundclimatechangeanditseffectsonagriculturetendstofocusonthelarge-scaleindustrialfarmsoftheNorth.Farmerswhoworkonasmallscaleandusetraditionalmethodshavelargelybeenignored.However,astheworldslowlycomestotermswiththethreatofclimatechange,Nativefarmingtraditionswillwarrantgreaterattention.

Intheindustrialmodelofagriculture,oneortwocropvarietiesaregrownovervastareas.Insteadoftryingtouselocalresourcesofsoilandwateroptimallyandsustainably,thenaturalenvironmentisallbutignoredanduniformgrowingconditionsarefabricatedthroughlarge-scaleirrigationandtheintensiveuseofartificialfertilizersandpesticides.Forexample,ahandfulofbasicallysimilarpotatovarieties,allofwhichrequirenearlyidenticalsoilconditions,temperature,rainfall,andgrowingseasons,accountforalmostallglobalproduction.Whentheseglobalcropsarenolongersuitedtotheenvironmentinwhichtheyaregrown,whentheirresistancetodiseaseandpestsbeginstofail,ortheclimateitselfchanges,thebestwaytorejuvenatethebreedingstockwillbetointroducenewgeneticmaterialfromthevastdiversityofcropvarietiesstillmaintainedbyindigenouspeoples.

Incontrasttotheindustrialmodel,AndeanpotatoesandotherAndeancropssuchassquashandbeansgrownbyQuechuanfarmersexhibitextraordinarygeneticdiversity,drivenbytheneedtoadaptcropstotheextraordinaryclimaticdiversityoftheregion.Alongthetwoaxesoflatitudeandaltitude,theAndesencompassesfullytwo-thirdsofallpossiblecombinationsofclimateandgeographyfoundonEarth.TheAndeanpotatohasbeenadaptedtoeveryenvironmentexceptthedepthoftherainforestorthefrozenpeaksofthemountains.Today,facingthelikelihoodofmajordisruptionstotheclimaticconditionsforagricultureworldwide,indigenousfarmersprovideadramaticexampleofcropadaptationinanincreasinglyextremeenvironment.Moreimportantly,Nativefarmershavealsosafeguardedthecropdiversityessentialforthefutureadaptations.

1.Inthesecondparagraph,theinformationaboutpotato-growingpracticesintheindustrialmodelofagricultureservesto(

).

2.ThepassagestatesthatwhichofthefollowingistrueofthesmallnumberofpotatovarietiesthataccountformostofthepotatoesproducedonEarthcurrently?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

问题1选项

A.giveanexampleofapotentialproblemthatNativefarmingpracticescouldhelptoalleviate.

B.showthelikelyglobalconsequencesofapossiblefoodshortagecausedbyindustrialfarmingpractices.

C.showhowpestsanddiseasearelesseffectivelyresistedbycropsgrownintheindustrialfarmingmodel.

D.giveanexampleofhowpublicdebatehashadlittleeffectontheagriculturalpracticesoftheNorth.

问题2选项

A.TheyaregrownintheAndeanregion.

B.Theyallrequireverysimilarsoilandclimateconditions.

C.Theymakeoptimaluseofavailablesoilandwaterresources.

D.Theyarebasedongeneticmaterialfromcropsdevelopedbyindigenouspeoples.

问题3选项

A.AttentiontoNativefarmingpracticeswillleadtogreaterawarenessofthethreatofclimatechange.

B.Popularityofsmall-scalefarmingintheNorthwillleadtogreaterattentiontoNativefanningpractices.

C.Despitepotentialclimatechange,publicdebatewillhavelittleeffectonindustrialfarmingpractices.

D.ItwillbeworthwhiletoincludeagreaterfocusonNativefarmingpracticesinpublicdiscussionsconcerningthethreatofclimatechange.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。在举例之前,文中提到“Intheindustrialmodelofagriculture,oneortwocropvarietiesaregrownovervastareas.Insteadoftryingtouselocalresourcesofsoilandwateroptimallyandsustainably,thenaturalenvironmentisallbutignoredanduniformgrowingconditionsarefabricatedthroughlarge-scaleirrigationandtheintensiveuseofartificialfertilizersandpesticides.在农业的工业模式中,一到两种作物品种生长在广阔的地区。不是试图以最佳和可持续的方式利用当地的土壤和水资源,自然环境几乎被忽视,通过大规模灌溉和大量使用人工化肥和杀虫剂来创造统一的生长条件。”可知农民忽略自然条件,应该重视自然条件来解决潜在问题。A项“一个例子,说明当地农业实践可能有助于缓解的一个潜在问题。”故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段中“ahandfulofbasicallysimilarpotatovarieties,allofwhichrequirenearlyidenticalsoilconditions,temperature,rainfall,andgrowingseasons,accountforalmostallglobalproduction少数几个基本相似的马铃薯品种都需要几乎相同的土壤条件、温度、降雨和生长季节,几乎占全球产量的全部”。可以看出,土豆生长都需要相同的土壤条件和气候条件,通过排除法,可知答案选择B。

3.主旨大意题。定位到第一段末尾“However,astheworldslowlycomestotermswiththethreatofclimatechange,nativefarmingtraditionswillwarrantgreaterattention.然而,随着世界逐渐接受气候变化的威胁,当地的农业传统将值得更多的关注。”可知D项“在有关气候变化威胁的公开讨论中,更关注本土农业做法将是值得的。”正确。

14.单选题

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized(

).

问题1选项

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项experiment“达到,实现”;B选项expertise“要求”;C选项witness“获得,学到”;D选项cleverness“询问”。句意:人们最需要的精神产品将是实用的智慧,而不是小聪明。选项D更符合语境。

15.单选题

Itisourfirm()thatastepforwardhasbeentakenandwillbringthecountrybacktoeconomicprosperity.

问题1选项

A.conviction

B.empowerment

C.imperative

D.proposition

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。conviction确信,证明;empowerment许可,授权;imperative命令,需要,势在必行;proposition提议,命题。句意:我们坚信,已经向前迈出了一步,并将使国家恢复经济繁荣。选项A符合句意。

16.翻译题

大多数中国人十分看重自己的工作,觉得工作会使自己成为团体的一部分。他们相信,工作可以让他们产生归属感。换言之,要得到社会的承认,就必须工作。许多中国经理和员工努力工作,力求保住在公司的职位,原因就是这个。

【答案】

MostChinesevaluetheirjobsverymuch,andfeelthatitmakesthempartofacommunityandtheybelievethatworkgivesthemasenseofbelonging.Inotherwords,inordertoberecognizedbysociety,theyhavetowork.ThatiswhymanyChinesemanagersandemployeeshavetoworkhardandstrivetokeeptheirpositionsinthecompany.

17.单选题

PassageOne

问题1选项

A.Robotswilltakeovertheworld.

B.Robotswillrenderthemjobless.

C.Robotscanbeoverusedinhomes.

D.Robotscanbecontrollingtheirlives.22.

问题2选项

A.Itiswelldevelopedforhomeuse.

B.Itstillhastechnicalobstaclestoovercome.

C.Itcanworkindangerousplacesorsituations.

D.Ithasthepotentialtobebuiltwithalaserdevice.23.

问题3选项

A.Risingcostoflabor.

B.Increasingamountofwealth.

C.Growingnumberofagedpeople.

D.Pressingneedsformodernization.24.

问题4选项

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Indifferent.

C.Doubtful.

D.Resentful.25.

问题5选项

A.People’saffordability.

B.People’sacceptance.

C.Technicaladvances.

D.Marketpromotion.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】Robotshavebeeninthenewsalotlately.Andarecentpollfoundthat1/3oftheUKpublicisconcernedthatrobotswilltakeovertheirjobs.Butwhataboutrobotsinthehome?Oneofthemostpopularrobotsforthehomeisarobotvacuumcleaner,whichcanalsomassivelycleanyourhomewith

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