考研考博-英语-广州医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

IfacontemporaryRipVanWinklehadsleptforfortyyearsandawakenedtoday,hewouldhavetogobacktoschoolbeforehecouldunderstandadailynewspaperoramagazine.Hewouldneverhaveheardofatomicbombs,babysitters,flyingsaucersorcontactlenses,orofmambo,microfilm,nylons,orsmog.

ManynewwordshavebeenaddedtotheEnglishlanguageinthepastfortyyears;andsinceShakespeare’stimethenumberofwordsinthelanguagehasincreasedmorethanfivetimes,fromabout140,000tosomewherebetween700,000and800,000.Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage.

Thelanguagehasalwayschanged,buttherateofchangehasbeenuneven;minorchangeshaveslowlyaccumulatedineverygeneration,buttherehavebeenperiodsofrapidchangeaswell.Themostimportantoftheseperiodsoccurredduringthetwohundredandfiftyyearsafter1066,theyeartheNormansconqueredEngland.Beforetheconquest,theinhabitantsofEnglishspokeAnglo-Saxon,acomplexGermaniclanguage.TheNormanswereNorsemenwhosettledinnorthernFranceinthetenthcenturyandby1066werespeakingaformofFrench.AftertheirconquestofEnglandtheyinstitutedNormanFrenchasthedominantlanguage—thelanguageoftheupperclasses,oflaw,ofgovernmentandofsuchcommerceastherewas.

Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses,asEnglish,andhaditbecomeaflexible,exact,splendidandmovinginstrumentofexpression.NormanFrench,meanwhile,hadbecomesomethingcomicspokenbythevillainsintheoldmysteryplaysjustforalaugh.

Theseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,duringwhichprintingbecomeestablished,sawthestabilizationofspellingand,moreimportant,theestablishmentofcoloniesinAmerica.Immediatelythelanguageofthenewworldandthatoftheoldworldbegantodrawapart.Inwriting,too,achangehastakenplace.TheuseofthecolloquialinAmericanwritingisincreasingratherthandiminishing.Theincreasinguseofthecolloquialinourwritingisaninterestingchangethatisboundtohavefar-reachingconsequences.

Theenormousenlargementofourvocabulary,theincreasinguseofourwritingofthespokenidiom,andchangesinourpronunciationarenottheonlychangesthattakingplace,however.Therehavealsobeensignificantgrammaticalalternationsinourlanguage.Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians;yeteventhelaymancanperceivethemwhenheistoldthatsomethingseems"quiteallright"tohimthatregardedaserroneousonlyafewyearsago.

Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade,perhapsweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.Ifthisisso,itmaymarkachangeassignificantasthattookplaceaftertheNormanconquest.

Whateverthereasonsforthechangesthataretakingplace,thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand,becausetheexpansionofourknowledgeandexperiencerequirestheinventionofnewwordsortheadaptationofoldones.Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants.Pronunciation,becauseofthegreatmobilityofourpopulationandthespreadofradioandtelevision,willtendtobecomemoreuniform.

1.Whatwillprobablyhappentothevocabularyaccordingtotheauthor?

2.ThemostimportantchangeoflanguageinEnglandafter1066wasthat（）.

3.Whydidgrammaticalalterationchangestakeplaceunnoticed?

4.Whyareallthesechangesbeingmade?

5.Accordingtothispassage,mostofthenewwordsarefrom（）.

问题1选项

A.Themeaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorder.

B.Thespellingwillbecomesimpler.

C.Theamountofvocabularywillcontinuetoexpand.

D.Allofabove.

问题2选项

A.ThepeopleinEnglandcan’tspeakAngloSaxon

B.TheofficiallanguagehaschangefromAnglo-SaxonlanguagetoNormanFrench

C.TheAnglo-Saxonwasinstitutedasthedominantlanguage

D.ThemasseswentonspeakingNormanFrench

问题3选项

A.Becausethechangesgraduallytakeplacebygenerationsordecades.

B.Becausegrammaticalalterationsarenotimportantcomparedwiththeotherchanges.

C.Becauseonlygrammarianscanperceivethealteration.

D.Becausethelaymancannotperceivethealternations.

问题4选项

A.Inordertomeettherequirementofthedevelopmentoflanguage.

B.Becauseweneedtochangethelanguagetocopewithgrammar.

C.Nobodyknowstheexactreasons.

D.Becauseweareintheprocessofreducingourverbstoafewbasicwords.

问题5选项

A.borrowing

B.thenaturalgrowthoflanguage

C.combinationoftwooldwords

D.dailynewspaperormagazine

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的观点，词汇可能会发生什么变化？”文章最后一段第一句话提到“词汇量可能继续扩大”（thevocabularywillprobablycontinuetoexpand），因此可知选项C表述正确；接下来提到“意义将越来越取决于词序和上下文，并且拼写将变得简单”（Meaningwilldependmoreandmoreuponwordorderandcontext,andspellingwillbecomesimpler,withfewercommonvariants），因此可知选项A与B表述正确。综上，选项D“以上都是”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“1066年以后，英国最重要的语言变化是……”文章第四段第一句话提到“尽管如此，大众还是继续说盎格鲁-萨克逊语，并且将它重建为上层阶级的语言”（Nevertheless,themasswentrightonspeakingAnglo-Saxonandreestablisheditselfasthelanguageoftheupperclasses），因此选项C“盎格鲁-萨克逊被设置成主导语言”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么语法上的变化不被注意？”文章第六段提到“这样的变化（指语法变化）最快也不过几代人或几十年，所以除了语法学家，其他人都没有注意到”（Suchchangestakeplaceonlybygenerationsordecadesatthefastest,sotheypassunnoticedbyallbutgrammarians），因此选项A“因为变化是在几代人或几十年里发生”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么做这些改变？”文章倒数第二段提到“没有人知道为什么做出这些改变”（Nobodyknowswhyallthesechangesarebeingmade），因此选项C符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，大部分新单词来源于……”文章第二段最后一句话提到“这些新词大多不是借用而来，而是从语言的自然发展中来的”（Mostofthesenewwordshavenotcomefromborrowing,butfromthenaturalgrowthoflanguage），因此选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreforeignersareinvolvedintheteachingprogramsoftheuniversities.Boththeadvantagesandthedisadvantages（1）.usingfacultyfromforeigncountries（2）teachingpositionshavetobe（3）,ofcourse.Itcanhesaidthatforeign（4）thatmakesthefacultymemberfromabroadanassetalso（5）problemsofadjustment,bothfortheuniversityandfortheindividual.

Theforeignresearchscholarusuallyisolate（6）inthelaboratoryasameansofprotection;（7）,whatheneedistobefitted（8）ahighlyorganizeduniversitysystemquitedifferentfrom（9）athome.Heisfacedinhisdailywork（10）differencesinphilosophy,arrangementsofcoursesandmethodsofteaching.Boththevisitingprofessorandhisstudents（11）backgroundineachother'scultures.Some（12）ofwhatisalreadyinthemindsofthestudentsis（13）bytheforeignprofessor.Whilehelpinghimto（14）himselftohisnewenvironment,theuniversitymustalso（15）certainadjustmentsinorderto（16）fulladvantageofwhatthenewcomercan（17）.Itisn'talwaysknownhowtomake（18）useofforeignfaculty,especiallyatsmallercolleges.Thisisthoughttobea（19）wherefurtherstudyiscalled（20）.Thefindingsofsuchastudywillbeofvaluetocollegesanduniversitieswithforeignfaculty.

问题1选项

A.with

B.for

C.of

D.at

问题2选项

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.within

问题3选项

A.thought

B.measured

C.balanced

D.considered

问题4选项

A.situation

B.circumstance

C.background

D.condition

问题5选项

A.carries

B.creates

C.emerges

D.solves

问题6选项

A.himself

B.oneself

C.him

D.one

问题7选项

A.otherwise

B.moreover

C.however

D.also

问题8选项

A.into

B.by

C.to

D.with

问题9选项

A.those

B.which

C.what

D.that

问题10选项

A.toward

B.with

C.to

D.at

问题11选项

A.have

B.possess

C.need

D.lack

问题12选项

A.concept

B.feeling

C.plan

D.intelligence

问题13选项

A.ordered

B.asked

C.insisted

D.required

问题14选项

A.place

B.adapt

C.put

D.direct

问题15选项

A.remain

B.keep

C.make

D.cause

问题16选项

A.take

B.make

C.do

D.be

问题17选项

A.show

B.afford

C.express

D.offer

问题18选项

A.powerful

B.creative

C.imaginary

D.advantage

问题19选项

A.scope

B.range

C.field

D.district

问题20选项

A.on

B.for

C.upon

D.at

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:A

第17题:D

第18题:B

第19题:C

第20题:B

【解析】1.考查介词。此处：使用外国教师的优点和缺点必须考虑，是名词之间的所属关系，用of，故正确答案为C。

2.考查介词。从上下文来看，空格修饰的是“teachingpositions教学岗位”，最符合语境句意的选项为A。

3.考查动词。本句大意为：“使用外国教师的优点和缺点必须……”，再结合语境，只有D选项合适。

4.考查名词。前文是foreign修饰空格处，根据语境及语意应该填入foreignbackground“外籍背景”，故选择C项。

5.考查动词。句意大概是：“国外的教师资源也会……问题”。从上下文来看，最符合语境句意的选项为B“产生”。

6.考查反身代词。根据上下文，空格处指代句子主语“Theforeignresearchscholar外国研究学者”，符合语法结构的选项为A。

7.考查逻辑关系。根据上下文含义，此处表示转折，而且转折词在前，因此最佳答案为C。

8.考查固定搭配。fitinto“（使）适合；与……融为一体”，因此答案为A。

9.考查代词。此处句意为：“他必须适应管理严密的大学体系，而这一点是与他国内的大学体系大不相同的”，空格处缺少代词，代指大学体系。因此答案为D。

10.考查固定搭配。befacedwith“面对”，因此正确选项为B。

11.考查动词。此处大意为：“所有外来教授和他的学生都……文化共同性”，结合语境，正确选项D。

12.考查名词。根据语境及句意，空格处和“whatisalreadyinthemindsofthestudents”之间是所属关系，因此A选项构成“学生脑海中的概念”为最佳答案。

13.考查动词。此处大意为：“外来教授……学生头脑里已存在的那些概念”，空格处修饰concept“概念”这一词，结合语境，故选D。

14.考查固定搭配。adapt...to...使适应于……，因此正确选项为B。

15.考查动词。makeadjustments“做出调整”。根据语境，最佳答案为C。

16.考查固定搭配。takefulladvantageof...“充分利用”，故答案为A。

17.考查动词。show“显示；说明”；afford“买得起；给予，提供”；express“表达；快递的”；offer“提供，供应”。根据语境及句意，D为最佳答案。

18.考查形容词。此处大意为：“……利用外籍教工”，空格处修饰名词use。powerful“强大的；强有力的”；creative“创造性的；有创意的”；.imaginary“虚构的，假想的”；advantage“优势；利益；有利条件”。根据语境及句意，B为最佳答案。

19.考查名词。scope“范围；余地；视野”；range“范围；幅度”；field“领域”；district“区域；地方；行政区”。此处句意为：“这是一个有待进一步研究的……”。根据语境及句意，C为最佳答案。

20.考查固定搭配。callfor“要求”，故答案为B。

3.单选题

Tomanypeople,ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,to_______familycharacterandtogathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.

问题1选项

A.repress

B.intimidate

C.validate

D.confine

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“repress”意为“抑制；镇压（叛乱等）；约束”；B选项“intimidate”意为“恐吓，威胁；胁迫”；C选项“validate”意为“验证；确认；使生效”；D选项“confine”意为“限制；禁闭；（因疾病、残疾）无法离开（床、家、轮椅）”。句意：对许多人来说，夫妻二人似乎并不构成一个真正的家庭——他们需要孩子来充实他们的小圈子，使家庭特征生效，并从后代那里获得某种救赎的影响。由题干可知，ahusbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily（夫妻二人似乎并不构成一个真正的家庭）夫妻需要孩子才能构成完整的家庭，所以家庭特征需要有孩子才能生效。因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Morethan100（）catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.

问题1选项

A.loose

B.tamed

C.wild

D.stray

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。loose“宽松的”；tamed“驯服的，平淡的”；wild“野生的”；stray“迷路的，流浪的”。句意：100多只曾经在中国某个省份街上流浪的猫被收留并被组织去对付破坏庄稼的啮齿动物。

5.单选题

Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatthesizeoftheuniverse（

）ourimagination.

问题1选项

A.transforms

B.transfers

C.transpires

D.transcends

【答案】D

【解析】transform改变，转化；transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Actually,recyclingisoneoftheleastimportantthingswecando,ifourreal（）istopreservenaturalresources.

问题1选项

A.subjection

B.objective

C.excitement

D.inclusion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。subjection“隶属，服从，征服”；objective“目的，目标”；excitement“兴奋，刺激”；inclusion“包含，内含物”。句意：事实上，回收利用是我们能做的最不重要的事情之一，如果我们的真正（）是保护自然资源的话。由不定式topreservenaturalresources可知这是一种目的，故B项正确。

7.单选题

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingfear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone’sfears?

问题1选项

A.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

B.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

C.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

D.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

问题2选项

A.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor.

B.Tocontrolone’sownfears.

C.Todisguisetheiranxiety.

D.Toattackothers.

问题3选项

A.tobefamiliarwithtension

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

问题4选项

A.Thefearofheights.

B.Earlychildhoodexperience.

C.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

问题5选项

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

C.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

D.Tocontrolone’sfeelings.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.语义题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项A符合原文。

2.细节归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧——控制焦虑。选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知选项C符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.”可知选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。选项C符合原文。

8.单选题

TheFrenchmathematiciandeLaplacenextreasonedthatifenoughmass（

）addedtoastarlikethesun,thegravitationalforceofthestar（

）eventuallypreventlightparticlesfromleavingit;itwouldtherefore“blinkout”andbecomeaninvisibleblackstar.

问题1选项

A.were...would

B.was...would

C.was...wouldhave

D.were...wouldhave

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由选项中动词的过去形式可知本题考查if引导的虚拟条件句。第一空条件从句中，如果使用一般过去时则表示对现在事实的虚拟，be动词固定用were；相应的主句应使用would+动词原形表示。因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHollandpractices“active”euthanasia:intentionallyadministeringalethaldrugtoaterminallyillpatientwhohasaskedtoberelievedofsuffering.Twentytimesaday,life-prolongingtreatmentiswithheldorwithdrawnwhenthereisnohopethatitcanaffectanultimatecure.“Active”euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.

Euthanasia,oftencalled“mercykilling”,isacrimeeverywhereinWesternEurope.ButmoreandmoredoctorsandnursesinBritain,Germany,Hollandandelsewherereadilyadmittopracticingit,mostofteninthe“passive”formofwithholdingorwithdrawingtreatment.Thelongsimmeringeuthanasiaissuehaslatelyboiledoverintoasometimesfiercepublicdebate,withbothsidesclaimingthemantleofultimaterighteousness.Thoseopposedtothepracticeseethemselvesup-holdingsacredprinciplesofrespectforlife,whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.Afteryearsonthedefensive,theadvocatesnowseemtobegainingground.RecentpollsinBritainshowthat72percentofBritishsubjectsfavoreuthanasiainsomecircumstances.Anastonishing76percentofrespondentstoapolltakenlatelastyearinFrancesaidtheywouldlikethelawchangedtodecriminalizemercykillings.

Reasonsforthelatestsurgeofinterestineuthanasiaarenothardtofind.Europeans,likeAmericans,arenowlivinglonger.TheaverageEuropeanmalenowlivestotheageof72,womantoalmost8A.sDerekHumphrey,aleadingBritishadvocateof“rationaleuthanasia”,says,“lingeringchronicdiseaseshavereplacedcriticalillnessastheprimarycauseofdeath.”

Andsotheeuthanasistshavebeguntopresstheircasewithgreaterforce.Theyarguethateveryhumanbeingshouldhavetherightto“diewithdignity”,bywhichtheyusuallymeantherighttoescapethehorrorsofapainfulordegradinghospitalization.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill,butthemovementalsoincludesasmallminoritywhobelieveineuthanasiaforanyonewhorationallydecidestotakehisownlife.

Thatrightisunlikelytogetlegalrecognitionanytimeinthenearfuture.EvenintheNetherlands,theproposalsnowbeforeParliamentwouldrestricteuthanasiatoasmallnumberofcasesandwouldsurroundeventhosewithelaboratesafeguards.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.Euthanasiais,oftencalled“mercykilling”,whichimpliesthat（）.

3.“Boiledover”(Line4,Para.2)means（）.

4.Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiaholdthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiais（）.

问题1选项

A.“Active”euthanasiaisregardedasacrimebyDutchlaw.

B.Thedoctorwhocarriesouteuthanasiawillbecharged.

C.Anunqualifieddoctorcarryingouteuthanasiawillbeaccused.

D.“Active”euthanasiaexecutiveswillbesentencedto12yearsimprisonment.

问题2选项

A.peopleshouldshowsympathyforaterminallyillpatient

B.somedoctorsmurderpatientsshieldingthemselvesfrommercy

C.humanetreatmenttodyingpatientsshouldberequired

D.thedyingpatientsaresufferingfromthepainandtheydon’twanttoliveon

问题3选项

A.burst(into)

B.makethewaterhotenoughtoboil

C.causegreatanger

D.fightoneanother

问题4选项

A.onlyterminallyillpatientscanhaveeuthanasia

B.ifanyonewhorationallydecidestoendhislife,hecanhaveeuthanasia

C.peopleshouldrespectlife

D.nomatterwhatpunishmenttheyget,theywillcarryouteuthanasiatopatients

问题5选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.objective

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A选项“主动的安乐死被荷兰法律认为是一种犯罪”和D选项“主动安乐死的执行者将被判12年的监禁”可以定位到文章首段中“‘Active’euthanasiaremainsacrimeontheDutchstatutebookspunishableby12yearsinprison.”中文翻译为：主动的安乐死在荷兰的法典上仍然是一种需判刑12年的监禁。C选项“实行安乐死的不合格医生将会被控告”可以定位到文章首段“Butaseriesofcourtcasesoverthepast15yearshasmadeitclearthatacompetentphysicianwhocarriesitoutwillnotbeprosecuted.”中文翻译为：但是过去15年的一系列法庭案件却明确表示，实行安乐死的称职医生将不被指控。同时可知B选项“实行安乐死的医生将会被起诉”与文章不符合，故选B。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“mercykilling”可以定位到原文第二段“whilethoseinfavorraisethebannerofhumanetreatment.”中文翻译为：而那些安乐死的支持者却高举人道对待的旗帜。可知C项正确，译为“垂死的病人应该需要人道的对待”。

3.【试题解析】词汇题。A：爆发（成）；B：让水热得足以沸腾；C：造成巨大的愤怒；D：相互打架。题干关键词“boilover”意为：爆发。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasia可以定位到原文倒数第二段中“Mostadvocatesofvoluntaryeuthanasiahavearguedthattherighttodieshouldbeaccordedonlytotheterminallyandincurablyill”，中文翻译为：大多数自愿安乐死的支持者认为，去死的权利应该只给予晚期绝症病人，可以得知A选项“只有晚期绝症病人可以安乐死”正确。

5.【试题解析】观点态度题。A:positive“积极的”；B:negative“消极的”；C:objective“客观的”；D:uncertain“不确定的”。全文作者都是用客观的态度来描述安乐死这个话题，因此可以推测出C选项正确。

10.单选题

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer-allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（）.

问题1选项

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项paidoff“付清，见成效”；B选项takenitstoll“造成损失”；C选项madeadifference“有影响，有关系，起作用”；D选项shownup“露面，露出”。句意：我很高兴听到你有工作机会——很明显，你在学校的努力工作（）。而这里表达的意思是“在学校的努力起了作用”，因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Whatweneedtolearnishowtoputtheoryinto（）whenwebeginourfieldworkhere.

问题1选项

A.appearance

B.application

C.accomplish

D.achievement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项appearance“外观，出现，露面”；B选项application“应用，运用”；C选项accomplish“完成，实现，达到”；D选项achievement“成就，完成”。句意：当我们开始野外工作时，我们需要学习的是如何将理论应用到实际中去。选项B符合语境。

12.填空题

Anearlierattempt(1)blunting,whichmadeitillegalto(2)American-madecomponentstoHuawei,includingadvancedcomputerchips(3)whichtheChinesefirmrelies,wasnottheknock-outblowtheWhite(4)hopedittobe.ChipmakerswereabletokeepshippingHuaweisemiconductorsfromfactoriesoutsideAmerica.SoonMay15ththeTrumpadministrationextendeditsrestrictionsfromchipstothetoolsusedtomakethem—manyofwhichcomefromAmerica.So(5)asbigmicroprocessorproducers,likeTaiwanSemiconductorManufacturingCompany,useAmerican-madeequipment,theywillnolongerbeabletoforgeHuawei-designedchipsanywhereintheworld.

【答案】1.at

2.sell

3.on

4.House

5.long

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。Attemptat表示“企图，努力；尝试”，这里句意为：早先美国试图…。

2.考查上下文语义。句意：在之前，美国将出售美国制造的组件（包括中国公司依赖的高端电脑芯片）给华为的行为定义为非法行为，但这次尝试并没有达到白宫预期的效果。

3.语法题。此空所在句是一个定语从句，先行词是advancedcomputerchips（高端电脑芯片），后面的定语从句中，应该是介词on与rely构成搭配，表示“依赖”。

4.考查上下文语义。本段讲的是关于美国限制向华为出售高端电脑芯片组件的行为，因此此处应该填House,表示“白宫”。

5.考查固定搭配。Solongas表示“只要”。此处句意为：只要诸如像台积电（TSMC）之类的大型半导体供应商，使用美国制造的工具，他们就不能在世界任何地方制造华为定制芯片。

13.单选题

Thewreckageoftheexplodedcar______thetraffic.

问题1选项

A.interfered

B.interpreted

C.disrupted

D.corrupted

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项interfered“妨碍（有损害）”；B选项interpreted“解释；作口译”；C选项disrupted“妨碍，扰乱（使维持正常状态有难度）”；D选项corrupted“腐化”。句意：汽车爆炸的残骸______交通。根据语境，这里指汽车爆炸扰乱了正常交通，C选项disrupted“妨碍，扰乱（使维持正常状态有难度）”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

14.问答题

TheStateAdministrationforMarketRegulation,whichlaunchedtheprobeintothee-commercegiantinDecember,chargedAlibabawithabusingitsmarketdominance.

ThewatchdogsaiditsinvestigationconcludedthatAlibabahadhinderedonlineretailinChina,affectedinnovationintheplatform-basedinterneteconomy,hurtthelawfulrightsofmerchantsanddamagedconsumers’interests.

The18.23billionyuan($2.8billion)fineonAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd.wasequivalenttofourpercentofAlibaba’sdomesticsalesin2019,accordingtotheSaturdaystatement.Thecompany’searningsreportshoweditregisteredprofitsofabout$12billioninthelastthreemonthsof2020.

Theannouncementisthelatestdevelopmentinthegovernment’sincreasedoversightoninternetcompaniestoavoidthe“disorderlyexpansionofcapital”,curbingbehaviorsuchaseither-orchoicesformerchantsbetweene-commerceplatforms,andpricegougingonregularcustomersviabigdata.

LastDecember,China’santitrustregulatorsmadepublicthroughastatementthedecisiontofine,foranamountof500,000yuan,threeofthecountry’slargesttechnologycompaniesforfailingtodisclosethepurchasesofsmallercompetitors,escalatingthelevelofenforcementagainsteverykindofmonopolisticcorporatebehaviorthataffectsconsumers’interests.

ThecompanieshitbythedecisionareAlibabaInvestment,whichinthreedealsfailedtoobtainapprovalfortheacquisitionofdepartmentstoreoperatorIntimeRetailGroup;Tencent,whichthroughitssubsidiaryChinaLiteraturefailedtoreporttheacquisitionofNewClassicMedia;andSFHolding,whichacquiredacompetitorpreviouslyownedbyChinaPostCorp.

AsisthecasewithAlibaba’sinvestmentandlaterprivatizationofIntime,thefinesrefertodealsconcludedasearlyas2014,leadingtoagreatdealofconcernforChinesetechgiantsfacingretroactivepenaltiesaswellasthepotentialamendmentofthepenaltyamountintheupcomingantitrustlaw.ConsideringthenumberofacquisitionsthatbothAlibabaandTencenthaveconductedovertheyears,thiscouldposeseriousconsequences.

Strengtheninganti-monopolysupervisionhasbecomeaglobaltrend,EconomicDailyreportedonMonday.Antitrustlawenforcementagenciesincountriesandeconomiesintheworldhavetakentoughregulatorystancesandrestrictivemeasuresononlineplatforms.

Accordingtoincompletestatistics,thereportsaid,technologybehemothslikeGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazonhavebeendeeplyinvolvedinantitrustinvestigationsintheworldduringthepastfouryears.Amongthem,Googlefaced27cases,AmazonandAppleboth22cases,andFacebook13cases.

Thevoicesagainstbigtechcompaniesnevercease.Theyaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower

—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

Thegrowingimportanceoftechnologyinthedevelopmentofmoderneconomies,andasacontributortonationalGDPintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry'sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganopenandfairmarketenvironment,whichisthebasisofsocialandeconomicstability.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)Whyisthewholeworldsoworriedabouttheplatform-basedinternetgiants?(10points)

2)DoyouthinkweneedmoreantitrustlawstoregulatethemarketcompetitionorsimplybreakupthosetechgiantsunderthecontextofCovid-19?Justifyyouropinions.(20points)

【答案】1)Becausetheplatform-basedinternetgiantsaredeemedtohavetoomuchpower—toomuchpoweroveroureconomy,oursociety,andourdemocracy.Theyhavebulldozedcompetition,usedourprivateinformationforprofit,andtiltedtheplayingfieldagainsteveryoneelse.Andintheprocess,theyhavehurtsmallbusinessesandstifledinnovation.

2)IagreewiththeideathatintheageofCovid-19,nowrequiresthemaximumleveloflegislativeinterventionfromeverycountry’sgovernmentthroughanappropriatetrade-offthatencouragestechcompaniestogrowandinnovate,whileguaranteeinganope