考研考博-英语-中山大学新华学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中山大学新华学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Despitetremendousachievements,formidableobstaclestodevelopmentwillpersist.

问题1选项

A.difficultt

B.sustainablet

C.externalt

D.unpredictable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。formidable表示“强大的，可怕的”；A项difficult“困难的，艰难的”，B项sustainable“可以忍受的，足以支撑的”，C项external“外部的，外表的”，D项unpredictable“不可预知的，出乎意料的”。句意：尽管取得了巨大成就，但发展仍将面临巨大障碍。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Practicingmindfulnessandmeditationisbecomingincreasinglypopularamonglawyersinorderto（）somuchofthestressthatgoesalongwithacareerasanattorney.

问题1选项

A.aggravate

B.alleviate

C.deteriorate

D.diminish

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项aggravate“加重，激怒”；B选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；C选项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”；D选项diminish“减少，缩小”。句意：练习专注和冥想受到了越来越多的律师欢迎，他们以此来减轻伴随律师这个职业的诸多压力。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Policebelievethatmanyburglarsareamateurswhowouldfleeifanalarmsoundedorlights（

）.

问题1选项

A.cameout

B.cameon

C.cameto

D.camedown

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。comeout“出现；出版；结果是”；comeon“快点；开始”；cometo“想起；共计”；comedown“下来；降落；流传下来”。句意：警察认为很多盗贼是新手，如果他们听到警报或者看到灯光就会逃跑。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Hedoesnot______hisworkmate,andthereareoftendisagreementsbetweenthem.

问题1选项

A.goonwith

B.putupwith

C.getalongwith

D.keepupwith

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.goonwith继续；进行B.putupwith忍受，容忍

C.getalongwith与……和睦相处；取得进展D.keepupwith赶得上；和……保持联系

【答案】C

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句“他们之间经常有分歧”可知，他和他的同事之间的关系不是很好，所以空格处表示“和睦相处”符合句意，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】他和他的同事相处不好，他们之间经常有分歧。

5.问答题

Biologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaughs.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoid（1）humor,weenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxury,forunlikeanyotherbodilyprocess,laughterdoesnotseemtoserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadivideworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,butweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,

（2）

turn,dependsonthatmostcomplexandsubtleofallhumanqualities:asenseofhumor.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveuniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplin’searlyfilms.

Thelittleman

（3）

oddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.Asthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairs,Dr.SamuelJohnson,onceremarked,“Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughed

（4）

thesameway.”

Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtingle

（5）

anearthquakingroar,buttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremoved

（6）

comedy.Soweneverget&lopsidedviewofthings.

Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooften

（7）

thebrinkofwar,politicalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstances,cartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsense

（

8）

proportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels.TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourish.

Thesenseofhumormustbesingled

（9）

asman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughter,inturn,isassociatedwithhappiness.Courage,determination,initiative—thesearequalitiesweshare

（10）

otherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介词).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

devoid(inparagraph1)

plague(inparagraph1)

stereotype(inparagraph1)

fanatic(inparagraph3)

satire(inparagraph4)

somber(inparagraph4)

redress(inparagraph4)

absurd(inparagraph4)

weep(inparagraph4)

initiative(inparagraph5)

【答案】1.考查介词搭配。由文章第一句可知我们与动物的区别在于我们有笑的能力，因此后面要表达的是没有幽默感，与前面相对应。devoidof意为“缺乏，缺少”。

试题答案：of

2.考查介词搭配。inturn意为“反过来”。

试题答案：in

3.考查介词搭配。atoddswithsociety意为“与社会格格不入”。

试题答案：at

4.考查介词搭配。inthesameway意为“同样地”。

试题答案：in

5.考查介词搭配。from...to意为“从……到……”。此句意为：幽默感有各种表现形式，笑可以是从微笑到狂笑，但它的效果是一样的。

试题答案：to

6.考查介词搭配。farremovedfrom意为“与……相差太远”。此句意为：我们总是被提醒，悲剧并没有真正远离喜剧。

试题答案：from

7.考查介词搭配。onthebrinkof意为“濒于，濒临”。

试题答案：on

8.考查介词搭配。senseof意为“……的感觉”

试题答案：of

9.考查介词搭配。根据后面的“Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman（但幽默感是人类特有的）”可知此处表示幽默感最为人类最重要的一个品质，应该被单独提出来。besignedout意为“被单独提出来”。

试题答案：out

10.考查介词搭配。sharewith意为“与……分享，共用”。此句意为：勇气、决心、主动性—这些是我们与其他生命形式共同拥有的品质。

试题答案：with

1.试题答案：缺乏的

2.试题答案：给……造成困扰，折磨

3.试题答案：模式，刻板印象

4.试题答案：极端分子，狂热者

5.试题答案：讽刺

6.试题答案：低沉的，阴暗的

7.试题答案：补偿

8.试题答案：荒谬的

9.试题答案：哭泣

10.试题答案：创造性，主动性

6.单选题

Beforeabillcanbecomelaw,ithastohavethefull（

）ofbothHousesorParliament.

问题1选项

A.justification

B.warrant

C.endorsement

D.verification

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。justification意为“辩解”；warrant意为“授权令，委任，依据”；endorsement意为“支持，认可”；verification意为“审核，证实”。

句意：在法案成为法律之前，必须得到议会和国会的完全授权。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

第二条：专利法所称发明，是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。

综上所述，原告认为：原告与被告天津天利食品有限公司签订的借款合同及抵押合同合法有效，理应全面、实际履行。

从广义上来讲，中国司法体系的机构设置由三大部分组成：人民法院系统、人民检察院系统和公安机关系统。

本协议经有关双方如期签署后生效，有效期为一年，从2010年2月1日至2011年1月31日。

【答案】Article2:Theinventioninpatentlawreferstothenewtechnicalsolutionputforwardtoproducts,methodsandtheirimprovement.

Asawhole,theaccuserbelievethatthecontractforloanandmortgagecontract,madebytheaccuserandtheaccusedTianjinTianliFoodCo.Ltd.,areeffectiveandshouldbefulfilledentirelyandpractically.

Initsbroadsense,thestructuralestablishmentinChina’sjudicialsystemconsistsofthreemainparts,namelypeople'scourtsystem,people'sprocuratoratesystemandpublicsecurityorgansystem.

Afterbeingsignedbybothpartiesconcernedasscheduled,thecontractwillbecomevalidforoneyearfromFebruary1,2010toJanuary31,2011.

8.单选题

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项takeup“占据”；B选项takein“吸收，领会”；C选项takeoff“脱下，起飞”；D选项takeon“承担，承受”。句意：TomMacaulay作为一名勤奋的年轻人，从来不拒绝（）他老板派发给他的工作。派发的工作是要承担的，因而答案选D最为合适。

9.翻译题

Itistheexistenceofandtheabilitytocontrolpreciselythetwoindependentcharge-transportmechanismsthatmakepossiblealljunctionsemiconductordevices.

【答案】正是精确控制两个独立电荷传输机制的存在和能力使连接所有半导体器件成为可能。

10.单选题

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

问题1选项

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。primary意为“首要的，主要的，初级的，最初的”，指处于初级或低级状态；elementary意为“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始阶段，或指学习某一学科或接受教育等处于入门阶段或只是刚刚接触的基本知识或原理；fundamental意为“基础的，基本的，根本的”，指作为基础、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意为“初步的，初级的”指在正式开始举某活动之前进行的“初步的、预备的”活动。由sketches（草图）可知选D。

句意：他画了一些初步的草图，作为他画肖像之前的指导。

11.单选题

Overthelastfifteenyears,jogginghasbecomeapopular（）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

问题1选项

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在最近的十五年里，慢跑己成为三千万所有年龄层参与者所喜欢的一种消遣。

考查名词辨析。fantasy幻想，想象，想象产物;；pastime消遣，休闲活动;symposium讨论会，座谈会;penalty罚款，处罚。因此B符合句意。

12.单选题

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

问题1选项

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明显她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己从来没有嫁给他。

考查形容词辨析。insolvable不能解决（答）的;insensible昏迷的，无知觉的；inseparable不可分离的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根据后半句“她希望自己从来没有嫁给他”可知D符合句意。

13.翻译题

Ithinkthat,fromabiologicalstandpoint,humanlifealmostreadslikeapoem.Ithasitsownrhythmandbeat,itsinternalcyclesofgrowthanddecay.Itbeginswithinnocentchildhood,followedbyawkwardadolescencetryingawkwardlytoadaptitselftomaturesociety,withitsyoungpassionsandfollies,itsidealsandambitions;thenitreachesamanhoodofintenseactivities,profitingfromexperienceandlearningmoreaboutsocietyandhumannature;atmiddleage,thereisaslighteasingoftension,amellowingofcharacterliketheripeningoffruitorthemellowingofgoodwine,andthegradualacquiringofamoretolerant,morecynicalandatthesametimeakindlierviewoflife;theninthesunsetofourlife,theendocrineglandsdecreasetheiractivity,andifwehaveatruephilosophyofoldageandhaveorderedourlifepatternaccordingtoit,itisforustheageofpeaceandsecurityandleisureandcontentment;finally,lifeflickersoutandonegoesintoeternalsleepnevertowakeupagain.Oneshouldbeabletosetthebeautyofthisrhythmoflife,toappreciate,aswedoingrandsymphonies,itsmaintheme,itsstrainsofconflictandthefinalresolution.Themovementsofthesecyclesareverymuchthesameinanormallife,buttherelicmustbeprovidedbytheindividualhimself.

【答案】我认为，从生物学的角度来看，人生就像一首诗。它有自己的韵律和节奏，自有内在的生长与衰亡周期。它开始于天真的童年，紧随其后的是稚拙的青春期，带着年轻的激情和愚笨，笨拙而努力地走向成熟；后来人到壮年，经历渐广，阅人渐多，涉世渐深；乃至中年，节奏渐缓，个性沉淀如熟果，如美酒，更具容忍之心，愈发愤世嫉俗，却待人生愈发温和；再后来到暮年时，内分泌系统活动减少，如果我们已经悟得老年真谛，且据此安顿残年，则生活将平和、宁静、安详且美满；最后生命之光摇曳而逝，人开始永恒的长眠，不再醒来。人应能感受这种生命韵律之美，就如欣赏交响乐一样，欣赏其主旋律、激昂的高潮和舒缓的尾声。生命的乐章大同小异，但每个人应谱写出自己独有的乐曲。

14.单选题

Incontrasttorockmusicians,jazzplayersprefertospendtheirtimewiththeirmusicandtendtomeasuresuccessbythatsinglestandard,asatrombonistonceputit:“Ajazzmusicianwouldratherplayagoodconcertforthreepeoplethanabadoneforthreethousand.”Allthesame,withtheirfellowplayers,jazzmenarecollegiateandgregarious,exchangemusicalideasinaspiritofmutualsupportorfriendlycompetition,unitinginacollaborativeefforttoraisetheleveloftheirart.Eventhegreatestindividualshavebenefitedfromthetalentsofothers.

Inthislegendaryband,DukeEllingtonprovidedstarsoloistswiththeidealframeworkfortheirabilities.Atthesametime,theyinspiredhimwiththerichmaterialoftheirpersonalidiomsandphrases,whichfoundtheirwayintohiscompositions.Infact,Ellingtonwassoadeptatrecyclingwhatheheardthatoneofthemdescribedhimas"notacomposerbutacompiler".

Ellington'screativegiftsweregenuineandvast,butformuchofhislifehedidreceivecrucialassistancenotonlyfromtheinvolvementofhisband,butfromanactualday-in,day-outcollaborator.In1938hemetBillyStrayhorn,ayoungpianist-composerwhowasimmediatelybroughtintotheducalfold.StrayhornbecameEllington'salteredego,contributingscorestothebandbutfunctioningevenmoreimportantlyasasilentpartner,completingpiecesEllingtonleftunfinished,reworkingothersandactingasall-purposecomposer—sometimescredited,moreoftennot.

EllingtonprovidedStrayhornwithfinancialsecurity,artisticrespectandthecreativemediumoftheEllingtonband.Throughouttheirpartnership—whichlasteduntilStrayhorn'sdeathin1967—theyneverhadacontract.Ellingtonsimplypaidallcreativeequalandfriends,describinghimas"myfavoritehumanbeing",Strayhorn,ahomosexualbonvivant,brilliantbutself-effacing,letEllingtontakeboththegloryandthestrainofstardom,whileherelievedsomeoftheartisticpressurewithatalentcomparabletotheleader'sown.

Thoughoccasionallytherewasdiscordoverthematterofofficialcomposercreditintheirjointworks,Ellingtonalwayspubliclyacknowledgedhiscolleague'scontributions,andthemanyStrayhornoriginalsinEllington'sbookspeakforthemselves,includingtheband'sfamousthemeandgreatesthit,"TaketheTrain".Thoughttheyoungmanwasadeptatimitatingtheducalstyle,hisownuniquevoice,fullofsubtleimpressionistcolors,influencedagenerationoflaterjazzcomposers.

1.Accordingtothearticle,jazzmen（）

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutDukeEllington?

3.OftheStrayhorn/Ellingtonrelationship,theauthorbelieves（）

4.Theauthorfeelsjazzmusicians（）

5.ItisindicatedthatBillyStrayhorn（）

6.Thetitleforthispassagewouldbe（）

7.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword"hit"inthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.competefiercelywitheachother

B.arenotsociablewhentheyarewiththeirfellowplayers

C.refusetoexchangeideasaboutmusicwiththeirfellowplayers

D.collaboratealotwiththeirfellowplayerstoimprovetheleveloftheirart

问题2选项

A.Herefusedtocollaboratewithbutafewtalentedmusicians.

B.Hehadlittlenaturaltalentbutratherusedother'sgeniusforhisownpurposes.

C.HeenteredintoacollaborativerelationshipwithBillyStrayhornthatsuitedbothmen.

D.Heoftenutilizedmaterialfromlesserknownmusicianswithoutproperacknowledgement.

问题3选项

A.bothmenwereultimatelydissatisfiedwiththeirworkingarrangement

B.Strayhornwasrespectedandwellcompensatedforhiscontributionstotheband

C.StrayhornprovidedthebulkofthecreativetalentwhileEllingtonreceivedthepublicrecognitionfortheireffort

D.whiletheirprofessionalrelationshipwasproductive,theirpersonalitiesoftenclashed,puttingastrainontheirrelationship

问题4选项

A.striveforcommercialsuccessovermusicalaccomplishment

B.differfromrockmusiciansintheirabilitytoraisetheleveloftheirmusic

C.aretraditionallysoloistswhogainlittlefromcooperativecollaboration

D.gainmuchthroughmutualcollaboration,althoughoftenindividualists

问题5选项

A.wrotemanyfamoussongsandoftenattributedtoDukeEllington

B.endedhisworkwithDukeEllingtonamidtensionandfrustration

C.struggledfinanciallyasheneverreceivedpropercreditforhiswork

D.wasbasicallyknownforintegratingdifferentjazzthemesintoalargercompilation

问题6选项

A.JazzmenStrayhornandEllingtonWalkAlone

B.AClassicCollaborativeEffortduringJazz'sFinestHour

C.StrayhornandEllington:anUnequalandFrustrationCollaboration

D.JazzIsNeverPlayedinGroup:EllingtonandStrayhornTelltheWorld

问题7选项

A.Asuccessfulplay

B.Strikingvigorously

C.Asongthatwaswelcomedbythepublic

D.Aheadlineprintedprominentlytodrawthepublicattention

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:C

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。根据题干关键词jazzmen定位到第一段的第二句“withtheirfellowplayers,...raisetheleveloftheirart.”爵士乐手与其他乐手合二为一，彼此交流音乐思想，互相支持，互相竞争，团结协作，共同提高自己的艺术水平。选项D符合原文。

第2题:细节判断题。选项A在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“Ellington'screativegiftsweregenuineandvast.”Ellington的创造天赋是真实而且巨大的，可知选项B错误；根据第三段的“StrayhornbecameEllington'salteredego.”可知Ellington和Strayhorn建立了良好的合作关系，选项C正确；选项D他经常在没有得到适当允许的情况下利用一些不知名音乐家的材料，与原文描述的他总是受到别人的启发，从而找到了自己作品的方向不符，所以选项D错误。

第3题:细节推断题。根据原文第三四段的内容可知，两个人一直保持着良好的合作关系，所以选项A错误；根据第四段的第一句“EllingtonprovidedStrayhornwithfinancialsecurity,artisticrespectandthecreativemediumoftheEllingtonband.”可知选项B符合原文；选项C与原文描述不符，选项D曲解了最后一段的第一句的原意。

第4题:细节推断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Eventhegreatestindividualshavebenefitedfromthetalentsofothers.”即便是最伟大的个人也能从别人身上受到启发。选项D符合原文。

第5题:细节推断题。根据第四段的最后一句“letEllingtontakeboththegloryandthestrainofstardom,whileherelievedsomeoftheartisticpressurewithatalentcomparabletotheleader'sown.”选项B符合原文。

第6题:主旨题。文章首段讲了爵士乐手的特性，提出一个主要观点：即使是最伟大的个人也能从他人的才能中获益。接下来便用Ellington和Strayhorn的经典例子论证了这一观点。选项B更符合全文主旨。

第7题:语义题。根据原文意思，包括乐队的著名主题和最成功的"TaketheTrain"。由此推断，hit应该指他们的作品，而且是著名和成功的作品，肯定受到了大众的喜爱，所以选项C正确。

15.单选题

Diet-relateddiseasesalsocostsocietyintermsofdecreasedworkproductivity,increasedabsenteeism,poorerschoolperformance,andreducedfitnessonthepartofmilitary______,amongothernegativeeffects.

问题1选项

A.recruits

B.reengineering

C.weapon

D.scene

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项recruits“新兵；新成员”；B选项reengineering“企业再造；再造工程；重建”；C选项weapon“武器，兵器”；D选项scene“场面；情景；景象；事件”。句意：与饮食有关的疾病也对社会造成负面影响，如工作效率下降、旷工增多、学习成绩差、……身体素质下降等。根据military（军队）以及fitness（身体素质）可推测空白处应该填“人”的单词，因此B、C、D选项都可排除。A选项recruits（新兵）符合，结合句意，A选项为正确答案。

16.单选题

Inhis1976studyofslaveryintheUnitedStates,HerbertGutman,likeFogel，Engerman,andGenovese,hasrightlystressedtheslaves，achievements.Butunlikethesehistorians,Gutmangivesplantationownerslittlecreditfortheseachievements.Rather,GutmanarguesthatonemustlooktotheBlackfamilyandtheslaves’extendedkinshipsystemtounderstandhowcrucialachievements,suchasthemaintenanceofaculturalheritageandthedevelopmentofacommunalconsciousness,werepossible.Hisfindingscompelattention.

Gutmanrecreatesthefamilyandextendedkinshipstructuremainlythroughaningenioususeofwhatanyhistorianshoulddrawupon,quantifiabledata,derivedinthiscasemostlyfromplantationbirthregisters.Healsousesaccountsofex-slavestoprobethehumanrealitybehindhisstatistics.Thesesourcesindicatethatthetwo-parenthouseholdpredominatedinslavequartersjustasitdidamongfreedslavesafteremancipation.AlthoughGutmanadmitsthatforcedseparationbysalewasfrequent,heshowsthattheslaves’preference,revealedmostclearlyonplantationswheresalewasinfrequent,wasverymuchforstablemonogamy.InlessconclusivefashionFogel,Engerman,andGenovesehadalreadyindicatedthepredominanceoftwo-parenthouseholds;however,onlyGutmanemphasizesthepreferenceforstablemonogamyandpointsoutwhatstablemonogamymeantfortheslaves’culturalheritage.GutmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof—andsowascrucialinsustaining—theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother,aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperiences.

Gutman’sexaminationofotherfacetsofkinshipalsoproducesimportantfindings.Gutmandiscoversthatcousinsrarelymarried,anexogamoustendencythatcontrastedsharplywiththeendogamypracticedbytheplantationowners.Thispreferenceforexogamy,Gutmansuggests,mayhavederivedfromWestAfricanrulesgoverningmarriage,which，thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother,allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin.Thistabooagainstcousins’marryingisimportant,arguesGutman,becauseitisoneofmanyindicationsofastrongawarenessamongslavesofanextendedkinshipnetwork.Thefactthatdistantlyrelatedkinwouldcareforchildrenseparatedfromtheirfamiliesalsosuggeststhisawareness.Whenbloodrelationshipswerefew,asinnewlycreatedplantationsintheSouthwest,“fictive”kinshiparrangementstooktheirplaceuntilanewpatternofconsanguinitydeveloped.Gutmanpresentsconvincingevidencethatthisextendedkinshipstructure—whichhebelievesdevelopedbythemid-to-lateeighteenthcentury—providedthefoundationsforthestrongcommunalconsciousnessthatexistedamongslaves.

Insum,Gutman’sstudyissignificantbecauseitoffersacloselyreasonedandoriginalexplanationofsomeoftheslaves’achievements，onethatcorrectlyemphasizestheresourcesthatslavesthemselvespossessed.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingtheresourcesthathistoriansoughttousewouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheformationoftheBlackheritageoffolklore,music，andreligiousexpressionisbestsupportedbytheinformationpresentedinthepassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthemarriagepracticesofplantationownersduringtheperiodofBlackslaveintheUnitedStatescanmostlogicallybeinferredfromtheinformationinthepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassagebasedonitscontent?

问题1选项

A.Historiansoughttomakeuseofwrittenratherthanoralaccounts.

B.Historiansshouldrelyprimarilyonbirthregisters.

C.Historiansshouldrelyexclusivelyondatathatcanbequantified.

D.Historiansoughttomakeuseofdatathatcanbequantified.

问题2选项

A.Theheritagewasformedprimarilyoutoftheexperiencesofthoseslaveswhoattemptedtopreservethestabilityoftheirfamilies.

B.Theheritagewasnotformedoutoftheexperienceofthoseslaveswhomarriedtheircousins.

C.TheheritagewasformedmoreoutoftheAfricanthanoutoftheAmericanexperiencesofslaves.

D.Theheritagewasnotformedoutoftheexperiencesofonlyasinglegenerationofslaves.

问题3选项

A.Thesepracticesbegantoaltersometimearoundthemid-eighteenthcentury.

B.Thesepracticesvariedmarkedlyfromoneregionofthecountrytoanother.

C.Plantationownersusuallybasedtheirchoiceofmarriagepartnersoneconomicconsiderations.

D.Plantationownersoftenmarriedtheircousins.

问题4选项

A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussedareasforpossiblenewresearch.

B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis，drawsonworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis.

C.Theauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargument.

D.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy，describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue.

问题5选项

A.TheinfluenceofHerbertGutmanonHistoriansofSlaveryintheUnitedStates.

B.Gutman’sExplanationofHowSlavesCouldMaintainaCulturalHeritageandDevelopaCommunalConsciousness.

C.SlaveryintheUnitedStates:NewControversyAboutanOldSubject.

D.TheBlackHeritageofFolklore,Music,andReligiousExpression:ItsGrowingInfluence.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句,“…throughaningenioususeofwhatanyhistorianshoulddrawupon,quantifiabledata…”，可知Gutman主要通过灵活使用任何历史学家都应该利用的可量化数据重现黑人家庭和扩展的亲属结构。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“…theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother…”，可知黑人遗产代代相传，如民俗、音乐和宗教，所以这些遗产不是由一代奴隶的经历形成的，是代代相传的。选项D符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第三段第二句，“Gutmandiscoversthatcousinsrarelymarried,anexogamoustendencythatcontrastedsharplywiththeendogamypracticedbytheplantationowners.”，可知Gutman发现，表亲之间很少通婚，这是一种异族通婚的倾向，与种植园主实行的同族通婚形成了鲜明的对比。可推断出农场主是主张同族通婚的。选项D符合题意。选项D符合题意。

4.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要介绍了Gutman的主要观点和发现，第二段和第三段详细介绍了他在黑人家庭和扩展以及亲属关系等各方面的研究方法和过程，最后一段作了总结，指出Gutman的研究是意义重大的，因为它对其中一些奴隶的成就提供了一个最严格的推理和原始的解释。选项D符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，本文主要提到了Gutman提出黑人家族和奴隶的长期血统对维护文化遗产和公共意识的发展带来了成就和贡献。所以本文的话题是黑人奴隶，并且总结表明，他的研究它对其中一些奴隶的成就提供了一个最严格的推理和原始的解释。他的研究解释了奴隶是如何保持文化遗产和发展集体意识的。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Atanearlyageshealreadyshowedatalent（）music.

问题1选项

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。talentfor“天才；有……的天赋”，其他选项都没有这种搭配。句意：她在很小的时候就显示出音乐天赋。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

Tomcomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages（

）fromthedictionary.

问题1选项

A.losing

B.lost

C.missing

D.missed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:汤姆向书商抱怨这本字典缺了几页。

语法题。考查后置定语。分析题干跟选项可知空格处为动词的现在分词形式作后置定语修饰severalpages,表示“丢失了的”。四个选项中,losing失败的,使受损失的;lost失去的,丧失的,迷路的。这两项一般不放在被修饰词后作定语。Missing丢失的,下落不明的。Missed感到思念的。因此C符合句意。

19.单选题

Scientists,whoarenowawareofhownautilusesregulatetheirbuoyancy,havebeenabletodispel（

）ideasaboutthesecreatures.

问题1选项

A.erroneous

B.misdemeanors

C.misgivings

D.misdirection

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词、名词词义辨析。erroneous“错误的”；misdemeanors“不法行为”；misgivings“担忧，疑虑”；misdirection“引错方向”。句意：意识到了鹦鹉螺是如何控制自身在水中浮力的科学家们，已经消除了对这些生物的错误认识。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote“cleandesk”politiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，______boostingworkefficiencyandproductivity.

问题1选项

A.forthepurposeof

B.forgoodof

C.forpurposeof

D.forthefunof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。forthepurposeof“为了……目的”；B和C选项形式不正确；forthefunof“为了享受”。句意：企业和政府管理者经常推行“整洁的办公室”政策，以避免混乱的办公室和凌乱的桌子，……提高工作效率和生产力。因此选项A符合题意。

21.单选题

I（

）withtheBrownsduringmystayinNewYorkCity.

问题1选项

A.putin

B.putdown

C.puton

D.putup

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我在纽约市逗留期间和布朗一家人过了一夜。

短语辨析。Putin度过，消磨（时间等）;putdown写下，记录;puton上演，演出;putup供给……住宿。因此D符合句意。

22.单选题

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）todirectorofthepresident’soffice.

问题1选项

A.pushed

B.purchased

C.promoted

D.promised

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。push“推”；purchase“购买”；promote“提升”；promise“承诺”。句意：格林先生最近升任为董事长办公室主任了。选项C符合题意。

23.单选题

Thatmythicalbeast,homoeconomicus,isutterlyclearaboutthepurposeofwork:togetpaid.Heiskeeneronleisurethanwork,andifmoneycanbegotwithouteffort,hedownstools.Ifrealpeoplefeelthesame,thenplentifulout-of-workbenefitsshouldbefoundinthesameplacesaswork-shycitizens.

Yetacross-countrycomparisonofbenefitsandattitudestoworkpublishedonJanuary28thfindspreciselytheoppositepattern.Researchersranked13countriesaccordingtotheirgenerosity(measuredbycomparingtypicalbenefitstothoseoutofworkwiththeaveragewageofaproductionworker)andtheircitizens’commitmenttowork(gaugedbyaskingwhethertheywouldworkiftheydidnotneedthecash,andwhethertheyregardedajobasmerelyawaytoearnaliving).Themoregenerousastateis,thekeeneronworkitspeopleare,theyfound.Britons,whosebenefitswereleastafterthosethatAmericansget,wereleastkeenofallonwork.

Onereasonmaybetheskillsmake-upoftheBritishworkforce.Theresearchersfound,logicallyenough,thatprofessionalsandgraduatesweremorepositiveaboutworkthantheunskilledandnon-graduates.FewerBritonsthanNorwegians(whocametoponworkcommitment)haveprofessionaljobsordegrees.Butthisdoesnotentirelyexplaintheircomparativeimmunitytotheattractionsofhardwork:Britonsofeverysocialclassandlevelofeducationwerelesskeenonworkthantheircounterpartselsewhere.

Couldthe“dependencyculture”currentlyexcercisingBritishpoliticiansbesolvedbyraisingbenefits?Unlikely,saysAlisonPark,editoroftheannualBritishSocialAttitudesReport,inwhichthestudyappeared:attitudestoworkvaryfromcountrytocountryformanyreasons.Thegenerosityofwhatthereportterms“encomp