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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西电力职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题
Thetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadoncebeen()onlytotheveryrich.
问题1选项
A.manageable
B.measurable
C.acceptable
D.affordable
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。manageable“可管理的”;measurable“可衡量的”;acceptable“可接受的”;affordable“可负担得起的”。句意:技术的进步让中产阶级也能够享受原本只有富人能够供应得起的东西。D项符合题意。
2.单选题
ItissomildandmoistasIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHillthatIremember,oranticipate,oneofthosewarm(1)inthespring,whentheearthisjustlaidbare,thewindissouth,andthecladonialichensare
(2)
andlustywithmoisture,yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge,andthe
(3)
placesalsoaredrinkingitin.Youwander
(4)
inabeadedcoat,wettotheskinofyourlegs,sitonmoss-cladrocksandstumps,andhearthe
(5)
ofmigratingsparrowsflittingamidtheshruboaks,sitlongatatime,still,andhaveyourthoughts.Arainwhichisassereneasfair
(6)
,suggestingfairerweatherthanwaseverseen.Youcouldhugtheclodsthat
(7)
you.Youfeelthefertilizinginfluenceoftheraininyourmid.Thepartofyouthatiswettestisfullestoflife,—
(8)
thelichens.Youdiscoverevidencesofimmortalitynotknownto
(9)
.
Youceasetodie.Youdetectsomebudsandsproutsoflife.Every
(10)
intheoldrye-fieldisonvirginsoil.
Andthentheraincomesthickerandfasterthanbefore,thawingthe
(11)
frostintheground,detainingthemigratingbird,andturnyourbacktoit,fullofserene,contented
(12)
,soothedbythesteadydroppingonthewitheredleaves,moreathomeforbeingabroad,morecomfortableforbeingwet,sinkingateachstep(13)
intothethawingearth,gladly
(14)
thegrayrottingice.Thedullestsoundsseemsweetlymodulatedbytheair.Youleaveyourtracks
(15)
springrye,scaringthefox-coloredsparrowsalongthewoodsides.Youcannotgohomeyet;youstayandsitintherain.You
(16)
alongthedistantwoodsides,fullofjoyandexpectation,seeing
(17)
beauty,hearingnothingbutmusic,asfreeasthe
(18)
sparrow,seeingfarahead,acourageous
(19),agreatphilosopher,notindebtedtoanyacademyorcollegeforthis
(20),butchieflytotheAprilrain,whichdescendonallalike.
问题1选项
A.showers
B.pitfalls
C.blizzards
D.rainstorms
问题2选项
A.swollen
B.springe
C.winded
D.swabbed
问题3选项
A.sunny
B.saggy
C.sandy
D.faddy
问题4选项
A.absolutely
B.indefinitely
C.consequently
D.magnificently
问题5选项
A.vibration
B.murmuring
C.uproar
D.lisping
问题6选项
A.sky
B.weather
C.moisture
D.climates
问题7选项
A.defile
B.deveined
C.doxastic
D.granulate
问题8选项
A.simulateto
B.disliketo
C.like
D.likewise
问题9选项
A.snobbism
B.steals
C.genius
D.divines
问题10选项
A.step
B.press
C.cornerstone
D.episode
问题11选项
A.restraining
B.upstanding
C.demanding
D.remaining
问题12选项
A.believe
B.thought
C.entrust
D.perception
问题13选项
A.deep
B.hovering
C.shadow
D.paraffined
问题14选项
A.disturbedin
B.breakingup
C.interruption
D.breakingthrough
问题15选项
A.perspective
B.inrespectsof
C.infieldsof
D.aspectsof
问题16选项
A.glide
B.slide
C.corroded
D.crush
问题17选项
A.nootherthan
B.nothingbut
C.thereafter
D.withstanding
问题18选项
A.coloroffox
B.foxcolor
C.colorlikefox
D.fox-colored
问题19选项
A.patriot
B.coregency
C.knight
D.armor
问题20选项
A.extravagation
B.expenditure
C.expectation
D.expansion
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:C
第4题:B
第5题:D
第6题:B
第7题:A
第8题:C
第9题:D
第10题:A
第11题:D
第12题:B
第13题:A
第14题:D
第15题:C
第16题:A
第17题:B
第18题:D
第19题:C
第20题:D
【解析】(1)考查名词辨析shower“阵雨”;pitfall“陷阱;诱惑”;blizzard“暴风雪”;rainstorm“暴风雨”。由空格后inthespring与sitlongatatime可知D项符合题意。答案D。
(2)考查形容词词义辨析。由空格后“yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge”“你的脚陷进去,像海绵一样把水挤出来”可知本句指代“石蕊属地衣因水分而变得膨胀”,swollen“膨胀的”;springe“用圈套捕捉”;winded“喘气的;通风的”;swab“打扫,擦拭”;故A项正确。答案A。
(3)考查形容词词义辨析。由“…alsoaredrinkingitin”“也在吸水”可知C项sandyplaces符合题意。sunny“阳光充足的”;saggy“下垂的;松懈的”;sandy“沙地的,多沙子的”;faddy“流行的”。答案C。
(4)考查副词词义辨析。由“inabeadedcoat,wettotheskinofyourlegs穿着一件带水珠的外套,雨水渗透到自己双脚的皮肤”可知这里指代“(视觉)模糊地漫步”B项符合题意。absolutely“绝对地”;indefinitely“不确定地,模糊地”;consequently“因此”;magnificently“壮丽地,壮观地”。答案B。
(5)考查名词词义辨析。由空格后“migratingsparrowsflittingamidtheshruboaks”迁徙的麻雀在灌木橡树间飞来飞去和“haveyourthoughts”有了自己的想法,可知“口齿不清的发音”更符合语境。vibration“振动;murmuring“轻微连续的声音”;uproar“骚动;喧嚣”;lisping“口齿不清的发音,咬舌的”,答案D。
(6)考查名词词义辨析。由suggestingfairerweatherthanwaseverseen预示着比以往任何时候都要晴朗的天气可知空格处指代“天气”,答案B。
(7)考查动词词义辨析。由“Youcouldhugtheclods你可能拥抱土块”可知“弄脏”符合语境,defile“污损,染污”;devein“除去(虾)背部的黑色静脉,去肠”;doxastic“信念的”;granulate成粒状;使表面粗糙”。答案A。
(8)考查词组辨析。由“Thepartofyouthatiswettestisfullestoflife你最湿的部分最有生机”与“thelichens这些地衣(即吸水而膨胀的地衣)”可知“如同”符合语境,故C项正确。答案C。
(9)考查名词词义辨析。由“immortality”与“Youceasetodie”可推知“神学家”符合语境,snobbism“势利”;steal“偷窃;断球”;genius“天才;天赋”;divine“牧师;神学家”。答案D。
(10)考查名词词义辨析。由“asIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHill当我沿着小山东边的墙壁溜达时”可知“脚步”符合语境。step“步骤;步伐”;press“压;出版社”;cornerstone“基础;地基”;episode“插曲;一段情节”,答案A
(11)考查形容词词义辨析。由Andthentheraincomesthickerandfasterthanbefore“然后雨比以前下得更大更快”与thawing“融合”可知“剩下的”符合语境,restraining“抑制的”;upstanding“正直的;直立的”;demanding“苛求的;费力的”;remaining“剩下的”。答案D
(12)考查近义词辨析。由contented“满足的”可知thought“想法”符合语境,故B项正确。believe“相信;认为”;thought“思想;思考;关心”;entrust“v.委托;信托”;perception“知觉;感觉;看法”。答案B。
(13)考查形容词和动词词义辨析。由sinking与intothethawingearth进入融化的泥土中可知deep“深深地”符合语境。deep“深入地;深深地”;hover“徘徊;犹豫”;shadow“遮蔽;使朦胧”;paraffin“用石蜡处理”。答案A。
(14)考查词组辨析。disturbin“(在某方面)打扰”;breakup“打碎;结束;解散”;interruption“中断;干扰”;breakthrough“突破;冲破”。由第33题的分析“每一个脚步都深深地沉入到正融化的泥土中”与thegrayrottingice可知“突破”更符合语境,答案D
(15)考查词组辨析。由第一段末句中intheoldrye-field可知C项“infieldsof”正确。perspective“观点;远景”;inrespectsof“关于;涉及”;aspectsof“······的方面”。答案C。
(16)考查动词词义辨析。由alongthedistantwoodsides沿着远处的树林的边缘”可知“滑行”符合语境。glide“滑翔;消逝”;slide“滑动”;corrode“侵蚀;损害”;crush“压碎;弄皱”。答案A。
(17)考查词组辨析。nootherthan“只有;就是”;thereafter“其后;从那时以后”;withstanding“抵挡;禁得起;反抗”。由hearingnothingbutmusic可知B项“nothingbut只有”正确。答案B。
(18)考查形近词词义辨析。由“fox-coloredsparrows狐色雀鹀”可知D项正确。答案D。
(19)考查名词词义辨析。由Youcannotgohomeyet;youstayandsitintherain.和acourageous可知“骑士”符合语境,故C项正确。patriot“爱国者”;coregency“共同摄政”;knight“骑士,爵士”;armor“装甲”答案C。
(20)考查名词词义辨析。由文章主题“春天的一场暴风雨让作者经历了不同的视觉和心理感觉”可知D选项更符合语境,故D项正确。extravagation“游荡,漫游”;expenditure“支出;消费额”;expectation“期待;指望”;expansion“膨胀”。答案D。
3.单选题
Philosophyinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturywasbasedmoreonbiologyandhistorythanonmathematicsandphysics.Revolutionarythoughtdriftedawayfrommetaphysicsandepistemologyandshiftedmoretowardsideologiesinscience,politics,andsociology.PragmatismbecamethemostvigorousschoolofthoughtinAmericanphilosophyduringthistime,anditcontinuedtheempiricisttraditionofgroundingknowledgeonexperienceandstressingtheinductiveproceduresofexperimentalscience.ThethreemostimportantpragmatistsofthisperiodweretheAmericanphilosophersCharlesPeirce(1839-1914),consideredtobethefirstoftheAmericanpragmatists,WilliamJames(1842-1910),thefirstgreatAmericanpsychologist,andJohnDewey(1859~1952),whofurtherdevelopedthepragmaticprinciplesofPeirceandJamesintoacomprehensivesystemofthoughtthathecalled'"experimentalnaturalism",or"instrumentalism".
Pragmatismwasgenerallycriticaloftraditionalwesternphilosophy,especiallythenotionthatthereareabsolutetruthsandabsolutevalues.Incontrast,JosiahRoyce(1855-1916),wasaleadingAmericanexponentofidealismatthistime,whobelievedinanabsolutetruthandheldthathumanthought,andtheexternalworldwereunifieD.Pragmatismcalledforideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,assessingwhethertheyproduceddesirableorundesirableresults.AlthoughpragmatismwaspopularforatimeinEurope,mostagreethatitepitomizedtheAmericanfaithinknow-howandpracticality,andtheequallyAmericandistrustofabstracttheoriesandideologies.Pragmatismisbestunderstoodinitshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringaperiodofrapidscientificadvancement,industrialization,andmaterialprogress;atimewhenthetheoryofevolutionsuggestedtomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareinaperpetualstateofprogress.Thisperiodalsosawadeclineintraditionalreligiousbeliefsandvalues.Asaresult,itbecamenecessarytorethinkfundamentalideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andindividuality.Pragmatistsregardedalltheoriesandinstitutionsastentativehypothesesandsolutions.Accordingtotheircritics,thepragmatist'srefusaltoaffirmanyabsolutescarriednegativeimplicationsforsociety,challengingthefoundationsofsociety'sinstitutions.
1.Whatisthispassageprimarilyabout?
2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
3.Accordingtothepassage,pragmatismwasmorepopularinAmericathanEurope,because().
4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT().
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
问题1选项
A.Theevolutionofphilosophyinthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.
B.ThethreemostimportantAmericanpragmatistsofthelate19thcentury.
C.Thedifferencesbetweenpragmatismandtraditionalwesternphilosophy.
D.Americanpragmatism.
问题2选项
A.Idealismwasanimportantpartofthepragmaticapproach.
B."Pragmatism"wasalsoknownas"traditionalwesternphilosophy".
C.Pragmatismcontinuedtheempiricisttradition.
D.Pragmatismisbestunderstoodindependentlyofitshistoricalandculturalcontext.
问题3选项
A.Americanshadgreateracceptanceofthetheoryofevolution
B.itepitomizedtheAmericanfaithinknow-howandpracticality
C.Europehadamoretraditionalsocietybasedonamuchlongerhistory
D.industrializationandmaterialprogresswasoccurringatafasterpaceinAmericaatthattime
问题4选项
A.revolutionarythoughtshiftedmoretowardsideologiesinscience,politicsandsociology
B.pragmatistsregardedalltheoriesandinstitutionsastentativehypothesesandsolutions
C.JosiahRoycewasnotapragmatist
D.pragmatismwasbasedonthetheoryofevolution
问题5选项
A.JosiahRoyceconsideredCharlesPeircetobechallengingthefoundationsofsociety'sinstitutions.
B.CharlesPeirceconsideredJosiahRoycetobetooinfluencedbythetheoryofevolution.
C.JohnDeweywouldnothavedevelopedhissystemofthoughtcalled"experimentalnaturalism"or"instrumentalism"withoutthepioneeringworkofCharlesPeirceandWilliamJames.
D.JosiahRoycewasarevolutionarythinker.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.主旨大意题。阅读全文可知,文章第一段介绍了实用主义的代表人物和思想,第二段介绍了实用主义的思想理念和侧重点。综合可知,D选项符合题意。
2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“PragmatismbecamethemostvigorousschoolofthoughtinAmericanphilosophyduringthistime,anditcontinuedtheempiricisttraditionofgroundingknowledgeonexperienceandstressingtheinductiveproceduresofexperimentalscience.”,中文翻译为:在这一时期,实用主义成为美国哲学中最具活力的学派,它延续了以经验为基础、强调实验科学的归纳过程的经验主义传统。因此,C项正确,译为“实用主义延续了经验主义传统”。
3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段中“AlthoughpragmatismwaspopularforatimeinEurope,mostagreethatitepitomizedtheAmericanfaithinknow-howandpracticality,andtheequallyAmericandistrustofabstracttheoriesandideologies.”中文翻译为:虽然实用主义在欧洲曾一度流行,但大多数人都认为它是美国人对诀窍和实用性的信仰的概括,也是美国人对抽象理论和意识形态不信任的概括。可以推测出B选项“它体现了美国对诀窍和实用性的信仰”正确。
4.细节事实题。由选项D可以定位到文章第一段中“itcontinuedtheempiricisttraditionofgroundingknowledgeonexperienceandstressingtheinductiveproceduresofexperimentalscience.”中文翻译为:它延续了以经验为基础、强调实验科学的归纳过程的经验主义传统。可以得知D选项“实用主义是以进化论为基础的”表述错误。
5.推理判断题。根据选项C可以定位到原文第一段中“JohnDewey(1859—1952),whofurtherdevelopedthepragmaticprinciplesofPeirceandJamesintoacomprehensivesystemofthoughtthathecalled'"experimentalnaturalism",or”instrumentalism.”,中文翻译为:约翰•杜烕(1859年—1952年),他把皮尔斯和詹姆斯的实用主义原则进一步发展成一个他称之为“实验自然主义”或“工具主义”的综合思想体系。可以推测出C选项“没有查尔斯•皮尔策和烕廉•詹姆斯的开创性著作的情况下,约翰•杜威不可能形成他所谓的“实验性自然主义”或“工具主义”的系统。”正确。
4.单选题
Youcannotbe_______carefulwhenyoudriveacar.
问题1选项
A.very
B.too
C.so
D.enough
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:开车越小心就越好。B选项cannottoo加形容词“越……越好”,其余选项非固定搭配且不符合题意。因此B选项正确。
5.单选题
Thescentofherperfume()onintheclassroom.
问题1选项
A.continued
B.lingered
C.covered
D.existed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项continue“继续,逗留”continue…on“继续”;B选项linger“消磨,缓慢度过”,linger…on“流连忘返,一直存在”;C选项cover“覆盖,包括”;D选项exist“存在,生存”,exist…on“靠……为生”。句意:她的香水味在房间里久久不散。由选项意思和固定搭配可知,B选项符合句意。
6.单选题
Whatistheproperbalancebetweenthecultureheritageandtheglobalizationthatthreatensto(
)theworldinonemodel?
问题1选项
A.classify
B.justify
C.purify
D.unify
【答案】D
【解析】classify分类,分等;justify证明合法,替……辩护;purify净化,使纯净;unify统一,使一致。句意:文化遗产和威胁世界统一成一种模式的全球化之间的适当平衡是什么?选项D符合句意。
7.翻译题
1924年,第一届冬季奥运会开幕,比赛内容涵盖了多项适合冬季的运动项目。最初的奥运会所指的是我们所说的夏季奥运会。1968年,专门为残疾人举办的第一届特奥会在美国开幕。特奥会与奥运会的概念相似,不同的是,在1993年以前,它一直都是在美国举办的。
【答案】ThefirstWinterOlympicGamesisheldin1924,thecontentofwhichincludesvariouskindsofwintersports.TheinitialO1ympicGamesrefertoSummerOlympicGames.In1968,thefirstOlympicsGamesforthedisabled,namedSpecialOlympicsGameswasheldinAmerica,whichhasasimilarconceptwithOlympicGames.However,whatmakestheSpecialOlympicsGamesdifferentisthatithadbeenheldinAmericabefore1993.
8.单选题
Nancywassurprisedthattheyhave(
).Theyseemedtobeahappycouple.
问题1选项
A.splitup
B.brokendown
C.fallenthrough
D.knockedout
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。splitup“分开;离婚”;brokendown“出故障”;fallenthrough“失败”;knockedout“使筋疲力尽;神志不清”。句意:南希很惊讶他们已离婚,因为他们看上去是那么幸福的一对。由surprised及happy对比可知,A项符合题意。答案A
9.单选题
Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.
ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.
TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.
Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000,saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays,“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.
ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”
Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”
1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?
2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT(
).
3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience
(
).
4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause
(
).
5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?
问题1选项
A.desolate
B.poor
C.bustling
D.thriving
问题2选项
A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning
B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer
C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath
D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs
问题3选项
A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition
B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel
C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles
D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber
问题4选项
A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves
B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs
C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs
D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys
问题5选项
A.AVillageInIceland
B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath
C.BoysClevererThanGirls?
D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。A选项desolate“荒凉的”;B选项poor“贫穷的”;C选项bustling“繁忙的”;D选项thriving“繁荣的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.(这个有1480人的渔村是一个荒凉而孤独的地方)可知Sandgerdi是一个荒凉的地方,因此选A。
2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.(他们说性别差距不是来自资质的差别,而是学习动力的差别)可知D选项“男孩们把更多的时间花在兼职上”符合题意,A、B、C选项都与“学习动力”有关。
3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.(尽管61%的大学生是女性,但她们只占冰岛理科学生的三分之一。当他们进入劳动力市场时,许多人被男性所取代,他们成为医生、工程师和计算机技术人员)可知C选项“男人扮演着更重要的角色”符合题意。
4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.(教育家们说,他们看到许多聪明的女孩在面对真实的、面对面的与男孩的竞争时突然退缩)可知A选项“她们对自己缺乏信心”符合题意。
5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在冰岛上的Sandgerdi由于男女学生学习的动机不一样,女生在数学成绩上男生优秀,因此B选项“女生在数学上占统治地位的地方”符合题意。
10.单选题
Inaculturelikeours,long()allthingsasameansofcontrol,itissometimesabitofashocktoberemindedthatthemediumisthemessage.
问题1选项
A.accustomedtosplitanddivided
B.accustomedtosplittinganddividing
C.accustomedtosplitanddividing
D.accustomedtosplittinganddivided
【答案】B
【解析】考查语法知识。对比四个选项,关键问题在于split和divide的形式变化。accustomtodoing是固定用法,后面的动词均应使用动词-ing形式。因此B选项符合题意。
11.写作题
Inthecurrentjobmarket,universitygraduatesarehavingahardtimefindingjobswhilemanyemployersarecomplainingabouttheshortageofworkhands.Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsanalyzingthephenomenon.YouressayshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.
【答案】WhyAreUniversityGraduatesHavingaHardTimeFindingJobs?12.不定项选择题
Itis,perhaps,significantthatalongwiththeincreaseinviolencecomesaproportionalincreaseinmethodsofself-defense.CurrentlythemostpopularofthevariousmodishartsthathasdescendedontheWestfromtheoppositepointofthecompassisKungFu.
Asusual,whentheWestglamorizessomethingforcommercialpurposes,thewholeweightofthecommunicationmediahasbeenthrownintoitsvulgarization,withtheresultthatwearetreatedtoanewsetoftelevisionandcinemawondersdispensingsubtleandkillingblowstotheaccompanimentofsententiousepigramsinmusic-hallChinese.Thismakeslightofwhatisnotonlyacraftbutadistinctwayoflife.
KungFuisChineseboxingandprobablyfirstsawlifeasadevelopmentfromBuddhistmeditationalexercises.Atanyratethereispictorialevidencedatingback2000yearsshowingstudentsengagedintempleboxing.Thenameitselfmeansnothingbut“trainedman”andincludesarangeofcombatformsalotofwhicharebasedonthewaysthatanimalsfight,givingrisetotheanimalnamesfortheseveralstyles.
Initstrueformthereisnoneofthechicanerythatwemightimaginefromwatchingtheheroescarrytheplotthroughwithafewwell-chosenchopsfollowedbyaConfucianmotto;itismerelyaconcentratedapplicationofcompletebodilyenergy.Whenaboxerpunchesheusedthestrengthfromhisarmandshoulder.AKungFupunchisdifferent;forastart,thefistisnotused,thefinalblowbeingdeliveredwithtwoknucklesonly,theprinciplebeingthatforceconcentratedonasmallareaismoreeffectivethanforcedisperses.Asyoupunchyoushriek,drawingalsoonthestrengthofthestomachmuscles,buttherealsecretliesinthehips.Byapropercoordinationitisquitepossibletodemolishabrick.
However,manywould-bethugswhotakeupKungFuareinforasurprise.Theyseethemselvesasbeingpossessedofaninvincibleforce,butinrealitytheyareinforthreeyearsofjoint-stretchingdiscomfortbeforetheywillbeabletomakeitworkforthem.ThelongprocessdoesthoughhaveadvantagesforWesterners.Ifonepersistsonemaywellhavefoundsomeanswertothestrainsofmoderncitylifeintheselflessnessanddedicationwhichwillbeinvolved.
1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisworthnotingwhenhebeginshispassage?
2.HowhastheWestpopularizedKungFu?
3.WhatwastheprobableoriginofKungFu?
4.Whenweseeitusedonthescreen,tricksareemployedsothat(
).
5.IfthugstrytolearnKungFu,theywillbesurprisedbecause(
).
问题1选项
A.Thattherehasbeenamarkedincreaseinviolence.
B.Thatviolenceanditscounter-measureshavebothincreased.
C.Thatthereisaninterestingproportionbetweenthetwo.
D.Thattheproportionhasincreasedmethodically.
问题2选项
A.Byemployingalotofpeopletopublicizeit.
B.Bypresentingitasanentertainment.
C.Byusinglovelygirlstoadvertiseit.
D.Bymakingitavailabletoallpeople.
问题3选项
A.ItwasthoughtoutbytheBuddhists.
B.TheBuddhistsusedittoprotectthemselves.
C.ItarosefrompracticesinvolvedwithBuddhism.
D.TheBuddhistsuseditwhenexercising.
问题4选项
A.theheroshallcutafinefigure
B.ourimaginationisstimulated
C.thewordsusedwillfittheactions
D.thestoryshallhavetheusualsortofsituations
问题5选项
A.itwillmakethemunbeatable
B.itwillnotbecomfortable
C.itwillrequiregreateffortandwill
D.itwillbelikestretchingtheirjoints
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:事实细节题。第一步,句内线索,根据题干定位到第一段第一句Itis,perhaps,significantthatalongwiththeincreaseinviolencecomesaproportionalincreaseinmethodsofself-defense.(随着暴力行为的增加,自卫的方法也相应增加,这也许是很重要的),第二步综合理解,句意和B选项“暴力及其应对措施都有所增加”是同义替代,所以答案选B。
A选项“暴力事件明显增加”,第一步,精准定位,根据题干定位到第一段第一句(见上)。第二步,综合理解,文章只讲了暴力事件的增加,没有讲明显增加,这里属于偷换概念,A项不选。
C选项“两者之间有一个有趣的比例”;第一步,精准定位,根据题干定位到第一段第一句(见上)。第二步,综合理解,文章虽然有提到两者呈比例增加,但是没有说这种比例很有趣并且值得注意,这里属于曲解原文。
D选项“这一比例在有条不紊地增加”,在文章开头没有提到属于无中生有,所以不选。
第2题:事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,根据文章定位到第二段第一句话Asusual,whentheWestglamorizessomethingforcommercialpurposes,thewholeweightofthecommunicationmediahasbeenthrownintoitsvulgarization,withtheresultthatwearetreatedtoanewsetoftelevisionandcinemawondersdispensingsubtleandkillingblowstotheaccompanimentofsententiousepigramsinmusic-hallChinese(像往常一样,出于商业目的,当西方美化一些事情时,整个通信媒体都会尽全力陷入其通俗化,结果我们看到了一套新的电视和电影奇观,这些奇观会给予一种微妙且致命的打击,伴随着有深刻意味的警句出现在中国的音乐厅里),从这里可以看出,当西方想要推行一种东西的时候就会以一种娱乐的方式来呈现,所以答案选B选项“把它作为一种娱乐来呈现”。
A选项“通过雇佣很多人来宣传它”,在整篇文章中都没有提到,属于无中生有。
C选项“用可爱的女孩做广告”,在整篇文章中都没有提到,属于无中生有。
D选项“让所有人都能使用它”,在整篇文章中都没有提到,属于无中生有。
第3题:事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,根据题干定位到第三段第一句话KungFuisChineseboxingandprobablyfirstsawlifeasadevelopmentfromBuddhistmeditationalexercises.(功夫是中国的拳术,可能最初是由佛教的冥想练习发展而来的),根据这句我们可知答案选C;
A选项“这是佛教徒想出来的”,虽然文中有说功夫是由佛教的某种练习发展而来,但是没有说是由佛教徒想出来的,这里属于偷换概念,所以不选;
B选项“佛教徒用它来保护自己”,全文都没有提及佛教徒用功夫来自卫,这里属于无中生有。
D选项“佛教徒在锻炼时用它”,全文都没有提及佛教徒用功夫来锻炼,这里属于无中生有。
第4题:事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到第四段第一句Initstrueformthereisnoneofthechicanerythatwemightimaginefromwatchingtheheroescarrytheplotthroughwithafewwell-chosenchopsfollowedbyaConfucianmotto(在其真实的情形中,我们不能仅从观看一些男主角使用精选掌劈,然后紧随一个儒家格言的情节而想象出的花招),第二步综合理解,做一个招式就讲出一句话是我们脑海中想象出来的情节并非真实发生的,所以答案选D选项“这个故事应该有一般的情景”。
A选项“这位英雄将表现出色”,文章的问题是电视里,英雄用花招的原因,而A选项回答的是英雄表现的出色,这里属于曲意理解。
B选项“我们的想象力被激发”,用花招的原因不是为了激发我们的想象力,相反是我们想象中英雄出招后就会讲出一句格言,所以B选项属于本末倒置。
C选项“所用的词语将与动作相匹配”,还是定位到第四段第一句话,虽然文章有提到动作做完之后会有一个格言说出来,但是这只是其中的花招之一,就原本来说英雄的注意力是放在招式上的,不会讲出话语也就不存在动作和话语匹配,从而这不是电视里英雄用花招的原因,这里属于曲意理解。
第5题:推理判断题。第一步,寻找句内线索,定位到最后一段第二句话Theyseethemselvesasbeingpossessedofaninvincibleforce,butinrealitytheyareinforthreeyearsofjoint-stretchingdiscomfortbeforetheywillbeabletomakeitworkforthem.(他们认为自己拥有一股不可战胜的力量,但实际上,在他们能够使其发挥作用之前,他们要经历三年的关节伸展不适)。从这里可以看出让人惊讶的是自己不是一开始就获得了力量而是精髓已经掌握但是真正要运用就得是经过三年不舒服的锻炼期,所以答案选B选项“这不会让人舒服”。
A选项“这将使他们不可战胜”,从最后一段第二句话可知他们不是不可战胜而是需要很长的适应期,这里属于反向干扰。
C选项属于文章没有提及,这里属于无中生有,所以不选。
D选项,虽然文中有提到joint-stretchingdiscomfort,但是重点在于名词discomfort,不是关节拉伸,这里属于曲解原文。
13.单选题
AncientGreeksbelievedthatthegods,whoresembledhumans,livedonMountOlympus,wheretheyhadahierarchicalsociety.Individualgodsbecameassociatedwiththreemain(
)—theskyorheaven,thesea,
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