考研考博-英语-四川交通职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川交通职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Historically,humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.（1）thatlogic.2006shouldhavebeenabreakthroughyearforrationalbehavior.Withthememoryof9/11still（2）intheirminds.AmericanswatchedhurricaneKatrina,themostexpensivedisaster

InU.S.history,on.（3）TV.Anyonewhodidn’tknowitbeforeshouldhavelearnedthatbadthingscanhappen.Andtheyaremade（4）worsebyourwillfulblindnesstoriskasmuchasour（5）toworktogetherbeforeeverythinggoestohell.

Granted,someamountofdelusion(错觉)isprobablypartofthe（6）condition.InA.D.63Pompeiiwasseriouslydamagedbyanearthquakeandthelocalsimmediatelywenttowork（7）inthesamespot-untiltheywereburiedaltogetherbyavolcanoeruption16yearslater.Buta（8）ofthepastyearindisasterhistorysuggeststhatmodernAmericansareparticularlybadat（9）themselvesfromguaranteedthreats.Weknowmorethanwe（10）didaboutthedangersweface.Butitturnsoutthatintimesofcrisis,ourgreatestenemyisrarelythestorm,thequakeorthesurgeitself.Moreoftenitisourselves.

问题1选项

A.To

B.By

C.On

D.For

问题2选项

A.fresh

B.obvious

C.apparent

D.evident

问题3选项

A.visual

B.vivid

C.live

D.lively

问题4选项

A.little

B.less

C.more

D.much

问题5选项

A.reluctance

B.rejection

C.denial

D.decline

问题6选项

A.natural

B.social

C.world

D.human

问题7选项

A.revising

B.refining

C.rebuilding

D.retrieving

问题8选项

A.review

B.reminder

C.concept

D.prospect

问题9选项

A.preparing

B.protesting

C.protecting

D.prevailing

问题10选项

A.never

B.ever

C.then

D.Before

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:B

【解析】1.考查介词辨析。通过对前句humansgetseriousaboutavoidingdisastersonlyafteronehasjuststruckthem.（人类只有在遭受灾难之后才会认真地避免灾难），于是后句紧跟的连词应该是表示解释说明，而A项to“至于”，C项on“在……上面”，D项for为因果连词，只有by可以表示通过。

2.考查词义辨析。A项“新鲜的”，B、C、D三项都是明显的意思，evident多用于推理及抽象的事；obvious多用于指“容易知道或发现，无须解释或证明的”的事；apparent多用于指“一目了然的”的事，或者“思想上容易理解的”的事，根据文章的意思，此处应该是表示记忆犹新的意思，因此A项fresh符合题意。

3.考查词义辨析题。C项live这个单词除了有生活的意思之外，还有现场直播的意思。A项“视觉的”，B项“生动活泼的”，D项“活泼的”，vivid指人的表情、故事等“生动”“逼真”“活泼”等；lively指人及生物等充满生机和活力，即“活泼的”、“充满生气的”根据句意：美国人通过电视直播观看了卡特里娜飓风，这是美国历史上最昂贵的灾难。可知C项符合。

4.考查比较级。在比较级前面添加副词，只能用副词原级，不能再用比较级，因此B和C错误。根据文章的感情色彩，文章表示的是贬义，因此用much不用little。

5.考查词义辨析。A项reluctance“不情愿”，B项“拒绝”，C项denial“否定”，D项“拒绝”。B项和D项中reject一般指否决、不予接受（建议，提议，想法和要求等）；

decline表示“婉拒”。通过分析这个复杂句我们看到了前面的一个关键词willfulblindness“盲目”。该句句意：由于我们任性的盲目冒险以及我们在一切陷入困境之前共同努力，使他们变得更加糟糕。而这里用A项reluctance，正好和前面的willful“故意的”成反义词对应。

6.考查词义和句意理解。固定搭配humancondition“人的生存条件”，该句句意：诚然，一定程度的错觉可能是的一部分。根据前文所说人们不愿意共同努力，可知人们有这种想法是受生存条件的影响，第二段后文通过举例来阐释这句话。所以此处选D项。A项“自然条件”，B项“社会条件”，C项“世界状况”，均不符合文意。

7.考查词义辨析。A项“修订”，B项“提炼”，C项“重建”，D项“重新得到”。该句句意：公元63年，庞贝城被一场地震严重破坏，当地人立即前往同一地点进行。句子前面的连词and，表示两句并列。地震之后要干什么呢？当然就是重建了。所以此处选择C项。

8.考查词义辨析。A项“回顾”，B项“提醒，暗示”C项“概念”，D项“希望”。句子开头一个强转折but，表示后面要说的和前面的内容是相反的意思。同时，后面有一个history，通过这个单词就知道前面用review。该句句意：但过去一年的灾难史，可以发现现代美国人……，故选A。

9.考查固定搭配。C项protectsb.fromsth保护某人免受某事。A项prepare“准备”，B项protest“抗议”，D项prevail“流行，成功”。结合句意：现代美国人尤其不善于自己免受威胁，故选C。

10.考查词义辨析。本句中did是用助动词取代实意动词know，因此这里的连词只能用ever表示以前，而before做副词时一定放在句末或后跟名词，所以此处的句意：对于我们所面临的灾难，我们比以前知道的更多。因此只有B项符合。

2.单选题

Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexample,providingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrain,uptoanyagehestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyoneheslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnewskill-thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly;ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthiscooperation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymattersothersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnight,punctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwellbeing.

1.Theprincipleunderlyingalltreatmentofdevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren（）.

2.Thechildinthenursery（）.

3.Theencouragementofchildrentoachieve-newskills（）.

4.Jigsawpuzzlesare（）.

5.Parentalcontrolsanddiscipline（）.

问题1选项

A.istosendthemtoclinics

B.offersrecaptureofearlierexperiences

C.isintheprovisionofclockworktoysandtrains

D.istocapturethembeforetheyaresufficientlyexperienced

问题2选项

A.quicklylearnstowaitforfood

B.doesn'tinitiallysleepandwakeatregularintervals

C.alwaysacceptstherhythmoftheworldaroundthem

D.alwaysfeelstheworldaroundhimiswarmandfriendly

问题3选项

A.canneverbetakentoofar

B.shouldbelefttoschoolteachers

C.willalwaysassisttheirdevelopment

D.shouldbebalancedbetweentwoextremes

问题4选项

A.toodifficultforchildren

B.akindofbuilding-blocktoy

C.notveryentertainingforadults

D.suitableexercisesforparent-childcooperation

问题5选项

A.serveadualpurpose

B.shouldbeavoidedasmuchaspossible

C.reflectthevaluesofthecommunity

D.aredesignedtopromotethechild’s

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexample,providingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrain,uptoanyagehestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.如果儿童发展的一个阶段被遗漏，或者没有足够的经验，儿童可能必须回去捕捉它的经验。一个好的家庭使这成为可能，例如，提供机会，让孩子玩发条车或玩具火车，直到任何年龄，他仍然需要这样做。事实上，这一原则是对发育有困难的儿童进行所有心理治疗的基础，也是儿童诊所工作的基础。可知B项“对早期经验的再现”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.纪律是从托儿所开始的。甚至最小的婴儿被逐步教导等食物,有规律地睡眠和醒来等等。可知B项“托儿所的孩子一开始并不是有规律地睡觉和醒来”正确。

3.判断推理题。由第三段Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.催促孩子超过他的自然学习速度通常是诱人的，但这会在孩子身上建立起失败的危险感觉和焦虑状态。可知揠苗助长会到导致孩子产生两种极端情况，故应在两种极端方式之间采取保持平衡。

4.细节事实题。Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthiscooperation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.父母和孩子都能分享的玩具和游戏是实现这种合作的重要手段。积木玩具、拼图和填字游戏都是很好的例子。由此可知拼图游戏适合建立父母与孩子之间的合作关系。故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由末段Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild'sownhappinessandwellbeing.一般来说，施加控制代表父母的需要和社区的价值，以及儿童本身的幸福和福祉。据此可知纪律和施加控制由双重目的。故A项正确。

3.单选题

Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（）hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意：教授很难找到充分的理由来支撑自己支持新理论的论据。由此可知，要把hisargument建立在grounds的基础上，即“basehisargumentsonthegrounds”，变成定语从句需要将介词on提到关系代词which的前面，即“onwhichtobasehisarguments”，所以选项B正确。

4.单选题

Thisrefrigeratorweboughtlastweekis（）

satisfactory.

问题1选项

A.byallmeans

B.byanymeans

C.bynomeans

D.bysomemeans

【答案】C

【解析】byallmeans一定,

务必,

一般单独用,

后面不接成分；byanymeans无论如何；bynomeans—点也不；bysomemeans通过某种方法。句意：我们上周买的冰箱一点儿也不让人满意。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Whydoesstorytellingendureacrosstimeandcultures?Perhapstheanswerliesinourevolutionaryroots.AstudyofthewaythatpeoplerespondtoVictorianliteraturehintsthatnovelsactasasocialglue,reinforcingthetypesofbehaviourthatbenefitsociety.

Literature“couldcontinuallyconditionsocietysothatwefightagainstbaseimpulsesandworkinacooperativeway’’,saysJonathanGottschallofWashingtonandJeffersonCollege,Pennsylvania.Heandco-authorJosephCarrollattheUniversityofMissouri,St.Louis,studyhowDarwin’stheoriesofevolutionapplytoliterature.AlongwithJohnJohnson,anevolutionarypsychologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityinDuBois,theresearchersasked500peopletofillinaquestionnaireabout200classicVictoriannovels.Therespondentswereaskedtodefinecharactersasprotagonistsorantagonistsandthentodescribetheirpersonalityandmotives,suchaswhethertheywereconscientiousorpowerhungry.

Theteamfoundthatthecharactersfellintogroupsthatmirroredtheegalitariandynamicsofasocietyinwhichindividualdominanceissuppressedforthegreatergood{EvolutionaryPsychology,vol4,p716).Protagonists,suchasElizabethBennettinJaneAusten’sPrideandPrejudice,forexample,scoredhighlyonconscientiousnessandnurturing,whileantagonistslikeBramStoker’sCountDraculascoredhighlyonstatus-seekingandsocialdominance.Inthenovels,dominantbehaviouris“powerfullystigmatized’’,saysGottschall“Badguysandgirlsarejustdominancemachines;theyareobsessedwithgettingahead,theyrarelyhavepro-socialbehaviours.”

Whilefewintoday’sworldliveinhunter-gatherersocieties,“thepoliticaldynamicatworkinthesenovels,thebasicoppositionbetweencommunitarianismanddominancebehaviour,isauniversaltheme”,saysCarroll.ChristopherBoehm,aculturalanthropologistwhoseworkCarrollacknowledgeswasanimportantinfluenceonthestudy,agrees.“Modemdemocracies,withtheirformalchecksandbalances,arecarryingforwardanegalitarianideal”.

Afewcharacterswerejudgedtobebothgoodandbad,suchasHeathcliffinEmilyBronte’sWutheringHeightsorAusten’sMr.Darcy.“Theyrevealthepressurebeingexercisedonmaintainingthetotalsocialorder,”saysCarroll.

BoehmandCarrollbelievenovelshavethesameeffectasthecautionarytalestoldinoldersocieties.“Novelshaveafunctionthatcontinuestocontributetothequalityandstructureofgrouplife,”saysBoehm.“Maybestorytelling—fromTVtofolktales—actuallyservessomespecificevolutionaryadaptation,”saysGottschall.They’renotjustproductsofevolutionaryadaptation.

1.Accordingtothestudymentionedinthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingbestdefinesthefunctionofliteratureinhumansociety?

2.Whatweretherespondentsintheresearchaskedtodo?

3.Whatissaidaboutthebadguysandgirlsinnovels?

4.Inthepoliticaldynamicofliterature,towhatisdominantbehaviorsetopposed?

问题1选项

A.Ithelpswiththeevolutionaryprogress.

B.Ithelpsadvocatepeople’sbaseimpulseandconscientiousness.

C.Itreinforcesthetypesofbehaviorthebenefitacooperativesociety.

D.Itsuppressesbaseimpulsesandsetsregulationsforsociety.

问题2选项

A.Toidentifyprotagonistsandantagonistsinsomenovelsanddescribethem.

B.Togroupcharactersinnovelswhomirrortheegalitariandynamicofasociety.

C.Togivescorestoliterarycharacterinregardtosocialdominance.

D.Totellthebadguysfromthegoodonesinsomenovels.

问题3选项

A.Theyareprotagoniststhatarepowerfullystigmatized.

B.Theyarealwaysafraidofgettingaheadofothers.

C.Theyrarelyhavebehaviorsthatprotectthesociety.

D.Theyalwaysseekdominantstatusinsociety.

问题4选项

A.Theuniversalthemeofpower.

B.Theegalitarianideal.

C.Modemdemocracies.

D.Formalchecksandbalancesofatraditionalsociety.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.断推理题。题干：根据文中提到的研究，下列哪一项最能定义文学在人类社会中的作用？第一段第二句提到“Astudy…hintsthatnovelsactasasocialglue,reinforcingthetypesofbehaviourthatbenefitsociety”，说明小说扮演着社会粘合剂，可以加强有益社会的行为。因此C选项符合题意。A选项中的“有助进化”，文中未提及；B选项错在动词“advocate”，文中说的是“fightagainst”；D选项中错在“setregulations”

2.细节题。题干：调查中的受访者被要求做什么？由题干定位到第二段最后一句“herespondentswereaskedtodefinecharactersasprotagonistsorantagonistsandthentodescribetheirpersonalityandmotives…”，要求受访者将小说人物分为主角和反面角色，然后说明各自的性格和动机。选项A符合题意。

3.细节题。题干：小说里关于坏男孩和坏女孩的说了些什么？文章第三段最后一句说到“Badguysandgirlsarejustdominancemachines;theyareobsessedwithgettingahead,theyrarelyhavepro-socialbehaviours”，可知坏人想要出人头地，很少做有益社会的活动。因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：在文学的政治动态中，统治行为与什么相对立？由题干定位到第四段第一句“…thepoliticaldynamicatworkinthesenovels,thebasicoppositionbetweencommunitarianismanddominancebehavior…”，可知共有社会主义与统治行为的本质对抗是永恒的主题。因此B选项符合题意。

6.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThehealthprofilesofmanyracialandethnicminoritiesreflectthesocialinequalityevidentintheUnitedStates.(46)ThepooreconomicandenvironmentalconditionsofgroupssuchasAfricanAmericans,Hispanics,andNativeAmericansaremanifestedinhighmorbidityandmortalityratesforthesegroups.Itistruethatsomeafflictions,suchassingle-cellanemiaamongBlacks,haveacleargenericbasis.Butinmostinstances,environmentalfactorscontributetothedifferentialratesofdiseaseanddeath.

Inmanyrespects,themortalityratesforAfricanAmericansaredistressing.ComparedwithWhites,Blackshavehigherdeathratesfromheartdisease,pneumonia,diabetes,andcancer.ThedeathratefromstrokeistwiceashighamongAfricanAmericans.(47)SuchepidemiologicalfindingsreflectinpartthefactthatahighproportionofBlacksarefoundamongthenation’slowerclass.AccordingtotheNationalCenterofHealthStatistics,Whitescanexpecttolive77.7years.Incontrast,lifeexpectancyforBlacksis72.3years(Arias2004).

Asnotedearlier,infantmortalityisregardedasaprimaryindicatorofhealthcare.ThereisasignificantgapintheUnitedStatesbetweentheinfantmortalityratesofAfricanAmericansandWhites.Generally,therateofinfantdeathismorethantwiceashighamongBlacks.AfricanAmericansaccountfor15percentofalllivebirthsinthenationbut29percentofinfantdeaths.PertoRicansandNativeAmericanshavemortalityratesthatarelowerthanAfricanAmericans’buthigherthanWhites’(MacDormanetal.2005).

Themedicalestablishmentisnotexemptfromracism.(48)Unfortunately,themediaoftenfocusonobviousformsofracism,suchashatecrimes,whileoverlookingmoreinsidiousformsinsocialinstitutionslikethemedicalestablishment.Onereviewofmorethan100studiesconductedoverthelastdecadeconcludedthatminoritiesreceiveinferiorcareevenwhentheyareinsured.(49)Despitehavingaccesstocare,Blacks,Latinos,andAmericanIndiansaretreatedunequallyasaresultofracialprejudiceanddifferencesintheequalityofvarioushealthcareplans.Furthermore,nationalclinicalstudieshaveshownthatevenallowingfordifferencesinincomeandinsurancecoverage,racialandethnicminoritiesarelesslikelythanothergroupstoreceivebothstandardhealthcareandlife-savingtreatmentforconditionssuchasHIVinfection(CaesarandWilliams2002;Smedleyetal.2002;Steyerbergetal.2005).

Drawingontheconflictperspective,sociologistHowardWaitzkin(1986)suggeststhatracialtensionsalsocontributetothemedicalproblemsofBlacks.Inhisview,thestressthatresultsfromracialprejudiceanddiscriminationhelpstoexplainthehigherratesofhypertensionfoundamongAfricanAmericans(andHispanics)comparedtoWhites.(50)Hypertension—twiceascommoninBlacksasinWhites—isbelievedtobeacriticalfactorinBlacks’highmortalityratesfromheartdisease,kidneydisease,andstroke(MorehouseMedicalTreatmentandEffectivenessCenter1999).

SomeMexicanAmericansandmanyotherLatinosadheretoculturalbeliefsthatmakethemlesslikelytousetheestablishedmedicalsystem.TheymayinterprettheirillnessaccordingtotraditionalLatinofolkmedicine,orcuranderismo—aformofholistichealthcareandhealing.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.非洲裔、西班牙裔和美洲土著等群体的经济和环境条件恶劣表现在这些群体有很高的发病率和死亡率。

47.这样的流行病学调查结果在一定程度上反映了这样一个事实，即在美国的底层人群中，黑人比例较高。

48.不幸的是，媒体往往关注的是明显的种族主义形式，如仇恨犯罪，而忽视了社会机构中存在的更隐蔽的形式，如医疗机构。

49.尽管有医疗保障，黑人、拉丁裔和美洲印第安人在不同的医疗保险计划的平等程度上受到种族歧视和差异的影响。

50.黑人的高血压发病率是白人的两倍，这被认为是黑人患心脏病、肾病和中风高死亡率的关键因素。

7.翻译题

BrendaFarmerandWillieBlanscethavesatacrossfromeachotherontheButterballbagginglinefor17years,102cold,rawturkeysslidingbyinfrontofthemeveryminute.“MeandWillielookateachotherandsay,‘Howintheworldcananybodyeatthismuchturkey?’”

Theoddsaregoodthatyoursmaybeone.1.Thewomen,alongwithworkersatanotherButterballplanta90-minutedriveaway,helpproduceaboutathirdofthe43millionturkeysthenationwilleattoday,accordingtotheNationalTurkeyFederation.

ThiscomerofnorthwestArkansasisnotthelandoffree-runningheritagebirdsthatcommand$16apound.Aleisurelymorningbrowsingthefarmers,marketisnothowmostpeoplespendaSaturday.

2.Inthiscommunityof3,000ontheArkansasRiver,whereeveryoneischeeringontheHillbillies,thehighschoolfootballteamthatmadeittothestateplayoffs,turkeyisanindustry.AndajobattheButterballplantisoneofthemostreliableintown.

ThemedianincomeinFranklinCountyisjustover$30,000ayear.Unemploymentisat7.3percent.Everyweek,adozenorsopeopleshowupattheplantlookingforwork.Maybetwogethired,plantmanagerssaid.

Itisnoteasywork.Turkeysneedtobestunnedanddispatchedandgutted.Someonehastocuttheoilglandoutofthetail.Necksandgizzardsandlivershavetobecleanedandstuffedintoacavity.3.Duringasix-weekperiodthatbeginsinOctober,thelinerunssevendaysaweektoprocessfreshturkey.Itisaperiodpeopleintownsimplyrefertoas“fresh”,anditisgrueling.

“It’salongbattlewhenwe’reworkingfresh,butIatleastgotsomebillspaidandChristmasmoney,”Mrs.Farmersaid.“IjustsitthereandhumandsingandtalktomyfriendWillie.Wegetthroughittogether.”

【答案】1.一些妇女和工人们在距离这里90分钟车程的巴特堡养殖场工作。根据美国火鸡联盟提供的数字，今天全国火鸡的总消耗量将达4300万只，其中总量的三分之一的火鸡由巴特堡的这家养殖场提供。

2.阿肯色河沿岸有3000个群落。这里的每一个人都在为高中橄榄球队希尔比利斯能进入全国季后赛而欢呼雀跃。在这里，火鸡是一项产业。

3.在从十月份起长达六周的时间里，生产线整周整周不停地加工新鲜的火鸡。小镇里的人称这段时间为“新鲜期”，这段时间的工作十分折磨人。

8.写作题

WriteanotetoyourroommateFrank.Yournoteshouldcontainabout80Englishwords.RememberthatyouarewritingthisnotebeforeleavingforShanghaiforthreedays.Inyournote,youshouldaskFranktolookafteryourpetdogGoofywhileyouareaway.YournotetoFrankshouldincludethefollowinginformation.

(a)YouwillflytoShanghaiintheevening

(b)ApologizetoFrankthatyouhavetoleaveinahurry

(c)AskFranktolookafterGoofy

(d)TellFrankthatthedogfoodisleftinthestoreroom

(e)RemindFrankthatGoofydoesnotlikecoldmilk

(f)Goofylikestotakeawalkintheevening

(g)LetFrankknowthatyouaregratefultohimforlookingafterGoofy

WriteyournotetoFrankonANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】DearFrank,

I’mgoingtoShanghaithiseveningandIwillstaytherefor3days.IshouldapologizethatIhavetoleavesohastily.AndI’mveryembarrassedtoaskyoutohelpmelookaftermydogGoofy.Bytheway,ImustremindyouthatyoucaneasilyfindthedogfoodthatIhaveleftinthestoreroom.Oh,Goofydon’tlikecoldmilkverymuch,sopleasedon’tforgettoheatthemilkforhim.Besides,helikestakingawalkintheevening.Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme.

YoursSincerely,9.单选题

PoliceandlandlordsinWincantonandCasteCaryhaveunitedtosendaveryclearmessagethatdrugswillnotbe（）inthetowns,aftertracesofClassAsubstanceswerediscoveredonpubpremises.

问题1选项

A.transported

B.tightened

C.tolerated

D.threatened

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。transported运输的；tightened变紧的；tolerated可接纳的；threatened受到威胁的。句意：在酒吧场所发现a类物质的踪迹后，Wincanton和CasteCary的警察和酒吧老板联合发出了一个非常明确的信息，即镇上将不再容许毒品。C项符合句意。

10.翻译题

1.Peoplemistakenlyassumethatafallingpennywillacceleratefortheentiretyofitsfall,achievingbreakneckspeedsbythetimeitreachestheground.ThiswouldindeedhappenifalltheairwereremovedandthepennywastossedofftheEmpireStateBuildingintoavacuum——butasthingsare,collisionswithairmoleculesslowfallingpenniesdown.Airresistanceopposesthepenny'sdownwardmotion,counteractingtheforceofgravity.Thefasterthepennyfalls,thegreatertheairresistance,andsoatacertainmaximumvelocity,thedragforcebecomesequalandoppositetothedownwardgravitationalforce.Withthetwoforcesbalanced,thepennynolongeraccelerates.Insteaditfallsataconstantspeed,calledtheterminalvelocity,allthewaytotheground.

2.Overeatingcanalsobetriggeredbyouremotions.Somepeopleturntofoodoralcoholinstressfulsituations,suchasafterafamilyargumentoraparticularlydifficultdayatwork.Othervulnerabletimesmaybewhenyou'refeelingtired,boredorsad.Identifyingtriggersandcuesthatcauseyoutoovereatcanhelpyoutochangeyourbehaviorinthesesituationsandavoidunwantedcalories.Writedownthetimeswhenyouremotionsleadtoeating.Thiswillhelpyoutoidentifysituationswhenyou'reparticularlyvulnerabletoexcesssnacking.Askyourselfifyoumusthavethefood——thinkingaboutwhatyou'redoingcanhelpyouavoidextrasnacks.Replaceimagesoffoodwithotherpositivethoughts.Distractyourselffromeatingbydoingsomethingelseyouenjoy.

3.Issuesmanagementhastwomajorcomponentsforamanager.Thefirstishavingaprocesstouncoverissues,determinetheirimpactontheproject,examinealternatives,andbringinpeopletomakethebestdecisionunderthecircumstances.Theseproceduresensurethatissuesarerecognizedandresolvedasquicklyaspossible.Thesecondcomponentofissuesmanagementisapplyingspecificproblem—solvingtechniques.ThisincludessomeunderstandingoftechniquessuchasFishbonediagrams,Paretocharts,androotcauseanalysis.Havinganunderstandingofoneormoreofthesetechniquesallowsyouandyourteamtounderstandthenatureandcauseoftheproblem,whatoptionsareavailable,andwhatalternativewouldbethebestcourseofaction.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.人们错误的以为下落的硬币因为重力的原因,会在下落的过程中一直加速,到达地面时会达到非常危险的速度。这确实可能发生一一如果空气真被抽空了,硬币就是从帝国大厦抛向了真空——而事实上,与空气分子的碰撞减缓了硬币的下落。空气阻止了硬币的向下运动,抵消了重力作用。硬币下落的越快,受到的阻力也会越大,因此当硬币达到那个确定的最大速度,阻力会和向下的重力作用相等。两个力相互平衡,硬币就不会再加速。相反它会以一个固定速度,也叫极限速度,一直落到地面。

2.暴食暴饮也常常由我们的情绪所引发。有些人会在受到强大压力下（如在一场家庭争执或工作上出现难关时）摄入大量的食物或酒。其他脆弱的时刻或在我们感到累,无聊或伤心时。弄明白引发过度进食的触发事件和原因有助于帮助你改善在同等情况下的不良行为,并避免摄入不需要的卡路里。写下那些令你想进食的情绪的次数,这将有助于你鉴别哪些情况会使你特别想摄入大量的零食。试试以下的技巧吧！吃东西之前要想想这些食物真的是我一定要吃的吗？一一思考做什么事情可以帮助你避免摄入那些额外的零食。用其它有益的想法来替代对事物的想象。通过做一些自己喜欢的事情转移你对食物的注意力。

3.问题管理对于管理者来说有两个主要组成部分。首先得有一个发现问题的过程,确定他们对项目的影响,检查替代品,并使人在这种情况下做出最好的决定。这些程序确保认识问题,并尽快解决。问题管理的第二个组成部分是应用特定的解决问题的技巧。这包括一些技术理解,如鱼骨图,帕累托图,和根本原因分析法。了解这些技术中的一个或多个,可以让你和你的团队理解问题的本质和原因,理解什么样的选择可用,什么样的替代品将是最好的行动方案。

11.单选题

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot（）theirprospectofpromotion.

问题1选项

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；B选项further“促进，助长”；C选项induce“诱导”；D选项reinforce“加强，巩固”。根据句意：追求享乐对于雇员而言肯定不能促进他们晋升。选项B更符合语境。

12.单选题

InRomantimes,defeatedenemiesweregenerallyputtodeathascriminalsforhavingoffendedtheemperorofRome.Inthemiddleages,however,thepracticeofransoming,orreturningprisonersinexchangeformoney,becamecommon.Thoughsomesawthiscustomasasteptowardsamorehumanesociety,theprimaryreasonsbehinditwereeconomicratherthanhumanitarian.

Inthosetimes,rulershadonlyalimitedabilitytoraisetaxes.Theycouldneitherforcetheirsubjectstofightnorpaythemtodoso.Thepromiseofmaterialcompensationintheformofgoodsandransomwasthereforetheonlywayofinducingcombatantstoparticipateinawar.Inthemiddleages,thepredominantincentivefortheindividualsoldiertoparticipateinawarwastheexpectationofspoils.Althoughcollectingransomclearlybroughtfinancialgain,keepingaprisonerandarrangingforhisexchangehaditscosts.Consequently,severalproceduresweredevisedtoreducetransactioncosts.

Onesuchdevicewasaruleassertingthattheprisonerhadtoassesshisownvalue.Thiscompelledtheprisonertoestablishavaluewithoutmuchdistortion;indicatingtoolowavaluewouldincreasethecaptive’schancesofbeingkilled,whileindicatingtoohighavaluewouldeitherrushhimfinanciallyorcreateaprohibitivelyexpensiveransomthatwouldalsoresultindeath.

Asecondmeansofreducingcostswasthepracticeofreleasingaprisoneronhiswordofhonor.Thisprocedurewasadvantageoustobothpartiessincethecaptorwasrelievedoftheexpenseofkeepingtheprisonerwhilethecaptivehadfreedomofmovement.Thecaptoralsobenefitedfinanciallybyhavinghiscaptiveraisetheransom