考研考博-英语-天津外国语大学滨海外事学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津外国语大学滨海外事学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Heseemstothinktheplanwillwork,butIam（

）aboutitssuccess.

问题1选项

A.unbelieving

B.unbelievable

C.incredible

D.skeptical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“难以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的，极好的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：他似乎觉得这个计划会凑效，但我对它的成功表示怀疑。前半句表达的是一个人相信的态度，由but可知后半句态度与之相反，即怀疑的态度。故D项正确。beskepticalabout对……表示怀疑。

2.单选题

Noneofthedealsisfocusedonoperating-systemsoftware,sononeposesadirectthreattothe（）ofWindows.

问题1选项

A.privilege

B.possession

C.control

D.dominance

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。privilege特权；possession拥有，财产；control控制，管理；dominance统治，支配。由前半句“这些协议都不是针对操作系统软件的”可知结果就是不会对windows这种主流的操作系统带来影响。Windows是一种占统治地位的操作系统。故D项正确。句意：这些交易都不是针对操作系统软件的，因此都不会对Windows的统治地位构成直接威胁。

3.单选题

Withoutcarefulinvestigation,neverdrawaconclusionsinceweneedtohavefactualknowledge______ourthinking.

问题1选项

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语。句意：没有经过仔细调查，永远不会得出一个结论，因为我们需要事实性知识作为我们思考的基础。横线到句尾是修饰knowledge的定语，根据在事实性知识的基础上确定用uponknowledge，根据以事实性知识为基础是为了形成thinking，确定用不定式，C选项uponwhichtobase正确。A选项whichtobebasedon和D选项towhichtobebased不用被动语态，B选项whichtobaseupon缺少upon，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Thewriterseemsto（）betweenapprovingofCollin’sactionsandfindingthemdisgusting.

问题1选项

A.alter

B.transform

C.vacillate

D.vibrate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是:alter更改；transform改变，改观；vacillate犹豫不定；vibrate振动，摆动。句意:作者似乎在赞成和否定柯林的行为之间举棋不定。vacillatebetween意为“在…之间摇摆不定”，根据句意可推出正确答案是C。

5.单选题

Allthemountainsarestunninglybeautiful,andthereare（）valleysandthesmellofpeatfromeverycottage.

问题1选项

A.wooden

B.wooded

C.wooding

D.woods

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。有题干得知，空格后为名词，因此应填入形容词。wooden“木制的；呆板的”；wooded“树木繁茂额，森林多的”；wooding无形容词用法；woods“木材”，也无形容词用法。修饰valley“山谷”的词应为wooded，因此B选项符合题意。

6.填空题

AlbertEinsteinonce(1)_________thecreativityofafamousscientisttothefactthathe“neverwenttoschool,andthereforepreservedtheraregiftofthinkingfreely.”Thereisundoubtedly(2)________inEinstein’sobservation:manyartistsandgeniusesseemto(3)________theirschoolingasabigdisadvantage.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsall(4)_______school.(5)_______didWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.Butsuchatruthisnotacriticismofschools.(6)_______isthefunctionofschoolstocivilize,nottotrainexplorers.Theexplorerisalwaysamiserablylonelyindividual(7)________hisorherpioneeringisinart,music,scienceandtechnology.ThecreativeexplorerofunmappedlandssharewiththegeniuswhatWilliamJamesdescribed(8)_______the“facultyofperceivinginanunhabitualway.”However,thesocialorderdemandsunityandwidespreadagreement,bothtraitsare(9)_______tocreativity.Therewillalwaysbe(10)_______betweenthedemandsofsocietyandtheimpulsesofcreativityandgenius.

【答案】1.attributed

2.truth

3.view

4.disliked

5.So

6.It

7.whether

8.as

9.destructive

10.conflict

【解析】1.考查上下文语义。句意：阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦曾经将一个著名的科学家的创造力________于这样的一个事实：他从未上过学，从而保留了自由思考的天赋。所以填入attributed表示“将创造力归因于一个事实”。

2.考查上下文语义。句意：毫无疑问是________在爱因斯坦的观点中：许多艺术家和天才似乎都______他们的上学经历为极大的不利因素。所以填入truth表示“爱因斯坦的观点毫无疑问是真实的”。

3.考查上下文语义和搭配。句意：爱因斯坦的观点毫无疑问是真实的：许多艺术家和天才似乎都_______他们的上学经历为极大的不利因素。所以填入view构成搭配“view…as将……看作”，表示“都将他们的上学经历看作成极大的不利因素”。

4.考查上下文语义。句意：巴勃罗•毕加索、查尔斯•达尔文、马克•吐温，奥利弗•戈德史密斯，还有威廉•巴特勒•叶芝都_________学校。所以填入disliked表示“他们都不喜欢学校”。

5.考查倒装句语法。句意：温斯顿•丘吉尔也一样，他差点被哈罗工效开除，而这是一所名校。所以填入连词so构成倒装结构“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”表示“.….也一样”。

6.考查语法。句意：引导探索者是学校的职责，而不是训练探索者。此句中动词不定式“tocivilize,nottotrainexplorers”为句子真正的主语，所以填入It作形式主语。

7.考查连词。探索者总是一个孤独的个体，无论他的创举是在艺术、音乐、科学或是技术领域。所以填入whether构成搭配“whether…or不论….或者….”，表示“无论是在艺术、音乐、科学或是技术领域”。

8.考查介词搭配。句意：对于为开拓的领域进行探索的有创造力的人与天才具有共同之处，这种共同之处被威廉•詹姆斯描述为“不同寻常的感知能力”。所以填入as构成搭配“describe…as…将……描述为……”。What引导宾语从句，作sharewith的宾语，表示“共同之处被描述为都不同寻常的感知能力”。

9.考查上下文语义。句意：然而，社会秩序要求团结和广泛一致，这两个方面对于创造力来说是________的。所以填入destructive表示“具有毁灭性的”。

10.考查上下文语义。句意：社会的要求和对于创造力和天才的需求之间总是会存在________。所以填入conflict表示“二者之间存在矛盾或冲突”。

7.单选题

Thedirectorwascritical______thewayweweredoingthework.

问题1选项

A.of

B.with

C.at

D.in

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：主任对我们工作的方式提出了批评。becriticalofsb./sth.“对某人/某事批判”，A选项of符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

8.翻译题

据心理学家称，乐观和自信是健康的心理状态所应具备的要素。焦虑是一种心理问题，他源自对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。繁荣的市场经济中躁动的消费需求是某些人焦虑情绪产生的原因。名车、豪宅和优越的生活被人们视为高档的标志。但是，由于多数人难以达到这样的生活标准，有些人就会产生失落感。

然而，这种出于对金钱崇拜而产生的焦虑感并不具有代表性。对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的重要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低廉并且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。

【答案】Psychologistssaidthatconfidenceandoptimismaretheimportantelementsofahealthystateofmind.Nervousnessisamentalproblemandisresourcedfromaninneremotionalinsecurityoveruncertainfactorsinlife.Intheprosperousmarketeconomy,restlessconsumptiondemandsarethereasonforthenervousemotions.Brand-namecar,housesandsuperiorlifearethemarksofhigh-endlife.However,mostpeopletendtobedisappointedbecausetheycannotreachthislivingstandard.

Furthermore,suchnervousnessovermoneyworshipisnotrepresentative.Formostpeople,thenervousnessisresultedfromexpensivehouse,higheducationexpenditureandhighmedicalcost.Peopleliveunderthistremendouspressure,andtheycannotfindanyhopesofbeingliftedoutofthehardshipbecauseofthelowandslow-growingincomes.Sometimesthereseemstobemanyopportunities,butpeoplealsofeelanxiousaboutthis.

9.单选题

Itwasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactare（）asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.

问题1选项

A.referred

B.perceived

C.recommended

D.presumed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer“参考，涉及"；perceive“理解，认知”;recommend“推荐，介绍”;presume“假定，推测”。句意：研究发现，那些有更多眼神交流的求职者会给人更机警、可靠、自信、负责的印象。选项B符合题意。

10.单选题

Despiteatendencytobeovertly（

）,thepoetryoftheMiddleAgesoftensparkstheimaginationandprovideslivelyentertainment,aswellaspioussentiments.

问题1选项

A.diverting

B.whimsical

C.didactic

D.deceitful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。diverting有趣的，令人快乐的；whimsical古怪的，异想天开的；didactic说教的，教诲的；deceitful欺诈的。句意：尽管趋势是明显的说教，但是中世纪的诗歌经常激发人们想象力，提供生动的乐趣以及虔诚的感情。由despite及下文可知空格处所填的单词与后文意思相反。

11.翻译题

1.Chinaisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinhelpingtheinternationalcommunityintheprocessoferadicatingextremepovertyby2030.Sincetheimplementationofreformandopeningupinthelate1970s,Chinahashelpedasmanyas400millionpeopleoutofpoverty.Inthenextfiveyears,Chinawillprovideassistancetootherdevelopingcountriesinpovertyreduction,educationdevelopment,agriculturalmodernization,environmental,protection,healthcareandsoon.Chinahasmaderemarkableprogressinpovertyalleviation,andithasmadeunremittingeffortsinpromotingeconomicgrowth.Thiswillencourageotherpoorcountriestocopewiththeirowndevelopmentchallenges.ThesecountriescanlearnfromChina’sexperienceinseekingthepathofdevelopmentwiththeirowncharacteristics.

【答案】1.中国在帮助国际社会到2030年消除极度贫困的进程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。自上世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已帮助多达4亿人摆脱贫困。未来5年里，中国将在减贫、教育发展、农业现代化、环境保护、卫生保健等方面向其他发展中国家提供援助。中国在减贫方面取得了显著进展，在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力。这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身的发展挑战。这些国家在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，可以借鉴中国的经验。

12.写作题

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答：

1.lack改为short

2.launch改为launched

3.it改为which

4.crews改为crew

5.Upon改为Once

6.rotation改为rotate

7.inwards改为outwards

8.will改为would

9.from改为into

10.fantastically改为fantastical

【解析】1.【解题思路】lackof中的lack是一个名词，所以lackof也是一个名词词组，跟在be动词后面应该跟冠词，所以这里要把名词lack改为形容词short，shortof表示“短缺”。

2.【解题思路】分析句子可知，saw是谓语动词，所以launch应该用非谓语形式，而太空巴士是在1981年首次着陆，事情发生在过去，所以launch用过去分词形式launched。

3.【解题思路】分析句子可知，主句是Thisis“Columbia”，后面没有连词，所以只能作为定语从句修饰Columbia，故把it改为which。

4.【解题思路】crew是一个复数名词，表示“全体人员”，不用再跟s，故crews改为crew。

5.【解题思路】Upon表示“在……之上”，而此句是指“空间站一旦建成，它就会产生自己的大气层”，故把Upon改为Once。

6.【解题思路】rotation是一个名词，而needto后面要跟动词，故把rotation改为rotate。

7.【解题思路】此句是指“在离心力的作用下，人们将被迫从中心向外移动”，而inwards表示“向内”，所以应该把inwards改为outwards。

8.【解题思路】根据文章可知，此处是表示生活在外太空的一种假设情况，而will不含有虚拟的语气，故把will改为would。

9.【解题思路】beconverted一般与to或者into搭配，表示“被转变成”，所以把from改为into。

10.【解题思路】sounds是系动词，后面应该是一个形容词，所以要把副词fantastically改为形容词fantastical。

13.单选题

Manyabusinessman（）himselftheprisonerofhisbusinessandthecommoditieshesells;hehasafeelingoffraudulencyabouthisproductandasecretcontemptforit.

问题1选项

A.hadfelt

B.havefelt

C.feels

D.feel

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。句意：许多商人觉得自己成了生意和商品的俘虏;他对自己的产品有一种欺骗的感觉，并暗地里蔑视它。根据句意可知，这里应使用一般现在时，由此可首先排除选项A和选项B；Manya+单数名词，其后的谓语动词应使用第三人称单数，所以选项C正确。

14.单选题

Thepurposeofthelecturewasto（

）themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.

问题1选项

A.inform

B.acquaint

C.instruct

D.announce

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inform“通知”；acquaint“了解”；instruct“通知，指导”；announce“宣布”。句意：讲座的目的是为了使美国大众了解拉丁美洲的基本问题。acquaintsb.withsth.“使某人了解某事”。选项B符合题意。

15.填空题

Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Butbecausethetwobigcolacompanies—Coca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively,we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreference

A

B

C

actuallyplaysforbrandloyalty.

D

【答案】Dfor改为in

【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】playaroleinsth.为固定搭配，其意思为“在……中起作用”，howbigarole到句尾的部分还原成一般陈述语序为tastepreferenceactuallyplaysabigroleinbrandloyalty，所以D部分应为in。

【句意】因为口味是主观问题，所以一般不会对食物进行偏好测试。但由于两大可乐公司——可口可乐和百事可乐的营销非常激进，我们想知道口味偏好在品牌忠诚度中到底起到了多大作用。

16.单选题

Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms（）backasearlyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.mustbesent

B.willbesent

C.aresent

D.besent

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这很重要。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。Itisessentialthat+从句，从句用should+动词原形的，而且should可以省略。另外，applicationforms和send之间是被动关系，因此，从句动词应该是：shouldbesent。

17.翻译题

为了全面实现小康社会，中国政府制定了强有力的平衡、平等发展的计划。经过多年的努力，中国已经形成政府为主、大家参与的扶贫模式。中国开发式扶贫工作遵行的是独立自主、全面发展的道路。这不仅对促进国民经济的持续快速发展、社会稳定、民族团结发挥了重要作用，也为世界的反贫困事业做出了贡献。我们最终的目标是缓解和消除贫困，实现全体人民的共同富裕。我们将进一步把减贫作为工作重点，大力推进发展与改革，努力为扶贫创造良好的环境。

【答案】【参考译文】Inordertorealizeawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway,theChinesegovernmenthasformulatedastrongplanforbalancedandequitabledevelopment.Afteryearsofefforts,Chinahasformedapovertyalleviationmodeldominatedbythegovernmentandparticipatedbyeveryone.China’sdevelopmentorientedpovertyalleviationworkfollowsthepathofindependentandall-rounddevelopment.Thishasnotonlyplayedanimportantroleinpromotingthesustainedandrapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomy,socialstabilityandnationalunity,butalsocontributedtotheworld’santi-povertycause.Ourultimategoalistoalleviateandeliminatepovertyandachievecommonprosperityforallpeople.Wewillfurtherfocusonpovertyreduction,vigorouslypromotedevelopmentandreform,andstrivetocreateagoodenvironmentforpovertyalleviation.

18.单选题

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.

However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.Intheirview,preservationistsareimbuedwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream,theonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterexaltshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalunderpinningforpreservation,morepuzzlingisthesharpnessandrelentlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationists,accentuatedbythefactthattheyofferlittle,ifany,criticismofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld.

Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodel,whichseeshumansasovernature,restorationtheorychampionsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto―forexample,Turner’sdescriptionofhumansas“thelordsofcreation,”orJordan’sstatementthat“thefateandwell-beingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit”—donotcoherewellwiththecommunityparticipationmodel.

Anotherholisticmodel—namely,thatofnatureasanorganism—mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodel,the“organic”modelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifference,however,isthatinanorganismthepartsarewhollysubservienttothelifeoftheorganism.Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.

However,toconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoascribetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodel?Inbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.

Also,neitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeoflegitimatehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenoconstraints;onlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthat,becausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumans,theymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.

1.Theauthorprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthefunctionofthefirstparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

4.Inassertingthattheorganicmodelmightbe“moreserviceabletotherestorationists”(line1-2,para.4),theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationists?

问题1选项

A.examinethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongmodelsforenvironmentalphilosophies

B.formulateanewphilosophicalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment

C.critiqueamodern-dayenvironmentalphilosophy

D.arguethatoneparticularenvironmentalphilosophy

问题2选项

A.arenotcriticalenoughofthosewhohaveplunderedthenaturalworld

B.basetheirideasonanunhealthydualism

C.havethesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstream

D.havebeenunfairlycriticizedbyrestorationist

问题3选项

A.Todiscusssecondaryissuesasapreludetoamoredetailedexanimationofaprimaryissue.

B.Toprovideanhistoricalbackdropforadiscussionofmodern-dayissues.

C.Tointroduceopposingviewpoints,whicharethenevaluated.

D.Toidentifyproblemareaswithinaschoolofthought,whicharethenexploredingreaterdetail.

问题4选项

A.thedescriptionsbyTurnerandJordanoftherestorationists’programconformmorecloselytotheorganicmodelthantothecommunityparticipationmodel

B.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentthanthecommunityparticipationmodelwiththeprincipleofrestoration

C.theorganicmodelismoreconsistentwiththerestorationists’agendathanwiththepreservationists’program

D.holisticmodelsaremoreusefulthanthedualistmodeltotherestorationists

问题5选项

A.Theircritiqueofpreservationismisnotwellsupported.

B.Theirprogramdoesnotcoincidewiththeirprinciples.

C.Theyrejectthemostworkablemodelfortherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

D.Theyassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworld.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段全文主旨句“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment.”中文翻译为：然而，恢复主义者们（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品却很少提供证据来支持这种谴责。因此C选项“批评一种现代的环境哲学”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“However,thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻译为：然而，恢复主义者们（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品却很少提供证据来支持这种谴责。对应D选项“不公平地被恢复主义者批评”。因此D项符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段“Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asinthewritingsofCarolynMerchantandTheodoreRoszak.”中文翻译为：对二元论的不满有一段时间显著地出现在环保主义者对主流工业社会的不满上，如在CarolynMerchant和TheodoreRoszak的作品中就有出现，以及第二段中“However，thewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves—particularly,WilliamJordanandFrederickTurner—offerlittleevidencetosupportthisindictment…”中文翻译为：然而，恢复主义者们（尤其是WilliamJordan和FrederickTurner）的作品却很少提供证据来支持这种谴责。可知答案为A项“讨论一个次要的问题来充当对一个重要问题进行更详细检查的前奏”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词可以定位到文章第四段“Ifwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrain(ortheDNA),orcontrolcenter,wewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’view.”中文翻译为：如果我们可以将生物圈看成是一个单独的生物体且将人类等同于大脑（或DNA）或控制中心，那么我们应该有一个更符合恢复主义者观点的模式。因此A项“Turner和Jordan对恢复主义者计划的描述相比社区参与模式，更接近有机体模式”正确。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“Thecrucialquestion,however,abouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.”中文翻译为：然而，有关恢复主义者观点的关键问题是恢复计划本身忠实于恢复的基本原则（即自然和人类在根本上是统一的，而不是分开的）的程度。因此可知答案为B“他们的计划与他们的原则不一致”。

19.单选题

Topartiallyovercometheproblemoffundsandtospeedthe（）ofWesterntechnology,Hungarysolda30%stakeinitsnationalphonecompanytotwoWesterncompanies.

问题1选项

A.auction

B.harmony

C.sacrifice

D.import

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。auction“拍卖，竞卖”；harmony“和睦”；sacrifice“牺牲，献祭”；import“进口”；句意：为了部分解决资金问题和加速西方技术的引进，匈牙利将其国家电话公司30%的股份出售给了两家西方公司。匈牙利通过售卖国家电话公司的股份来获得资金以此来引进西方技术。故D项正确。

20.单选题

Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundno（

）thispervasiveviewofselection.

问题1选项

A.biastoward

B.criticismof

C.basisfor

D.precursorsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。biastoward“对······的偏见”；criticismof“对······的批评”；basisfor“······的基础”；precursorsof“······的先驱者”。句意：在大约1960年以前，几乎所有对进化的解释都假定大多数的适应是在群体数量水平基础上选择的产物，但是，近来对于进化的研究没发现这种普遍深入的选择观点的基础。由tobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;及however表转折关系可知空格处与前述内容意思相反。故C项符合题意。

21.单选题

LikemostotherAmericancompanieswitharigid（）,workersandmanagershavestrictlydefinedduties.

问题1选项

A.vitality

B.jurisdiction

C.hierarchy

D.bureaucracy

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。vitality生机，活力；jurisdiction司法权，管辖权；hierarchy层次，层级，等级制度；bureaucracy官僚主义。句意：和大多数等级森严的美国公司一样，工人和经理们也有严格定义的职责。选项C符合句意。

22.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于这座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻满是公寓楼的山坡上可能会使你想到香港；这里密集的人口会让你想到东京；而那横跨长江两岸、仿效布鲁克林大桥豁然耸立的庞大新建筑物，或许会让你想到纽约。

放眼望去，到处都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的桥梁和新盖的高耸入云的住宅楼。事实上，这类新建筑实在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于让人感到惊讶不已的往往不是什么新的高楼大厦，而是偶然瞥见一座旧建筑。

当然，在此之前中国已经有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的东部地区为数不少。这些城市从华北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠镶嵌在中国沿海各地。但是重庆的迅速崛起却象征着一种新的开端：这表明北京正在大力推动中国经济繁荣的成果，将其延伸到幅员辽阔的内陆地区，那里是全国四分之三人口的家园。

中国内地的城市一个接一个竞相城镇化，其中很多城市公开炫耀它们的目标，声称要在几年内建成“世界大都市”。但无论从城市大小、追求目标还是改革规模来衡量，拥有1200万人口的重庆仍是独一无二的。

23.单选题

Theglobaleconomyisinitsworstdownturnsincethe1930s.WTOeconomistsforeseeabumpyyearahead.Theirforecastfor2020estimatesthatthevolumeofglobalmerchandisetradewilltumblebybetween13and32percentcomparedtothepreviousyear.Thedepthofthefallwilldependontwomainfactors:one,howlongittakestobringthepandemicundercontrol;andtwo,thepoliciesgovernmentsimplement-domesticallyandattheinternationallevel-tomitigateitseconomicconsequences.

Thisunderscoreswhyinternationalcooperationtokeepglobalmarketsopenforgoodsandservicesismoreimportantthanever.AstheworldfightstheCOVID-19pandemic,maintainingopensupplylineswillfacilitateaccesstomedicalproductsandfood.Restrictingtradeanddisruptingestablishedsupplychainswillmakeithardertorampupthemanufactureofmuch-neededprotectiveequipment,testingkits,ventilatorsandotheressentials.Inthelongerrun,aturntowardsprotectionismwillslowdowntheglobaleconomicrecovery,tothedetrimentofallcountries,mostdamaginglyforthepoorest.

Whethertosafeguardpublichealthortoreviveeconomicactivity,itisonlythroughcollectiveactionthatwecanrespondeffectivelytotheCOVID-19crisis.Itisessentialthatgovernmentsandinternationalorganizationsworktogether.TheWTOiscommittedtodoingitsparttofostersuchcooperation.Onekeyaspectofthisistransparency-wehavesteppedupmonitoringandinformation-sharingtoallowallparticipantsinworldtradetokeeptrackofCOVID-relatedmeasuresgovernmentshaveintroducedtofacilitateorrestricttrade.TheWTOwillalsoserveasaforumformemberstoshareviewsandcoordinateactionontradepoliciesaseconomiesemergefromthecrisis.

Priortothepandemic,theyear2019hadbeenmarkedbystrongactivityattheWTOintermsoftradenegotiations.Talksonreducingfisheriessubsidiesregisteredfurtherprogress,andmemberscontinueddiscussionsonarangeofissuesinagriculture.Inparallelwiththesemultilateralnegotiations,groupsofWTOmemberstooksubstantialstepsforwardininitiativesseekingtowritenewrulesfore-commerce,facilitatinginvestmentfordevelopment,domesticregulationoftradeinservices,andmicro,smallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Theinitiatives,whichremainopentotheentiremembership,drewinterestfromagrowingnumberofmembers.

Memberswilldeterminehowandwhentotakethesenegotiatingprocessesforwardinlightofthepublichealthandeconomicsituation.Inasimilarvein,theyarealreadydeliberatingonoptionsforholdingour12thMinisterialConference,whichcouldnotbeheldasoriginallyscheduledinNur-Sultan,Kazakhstan,inJune2020becauseofthepandemic.

DiscussionsontheongoingprocessofWTOreformalsogainedmomentumoverthecourseoftheyear.Furtherprogresswillnowalsohavetotakeaccountoftheevolvinghealthandeconomicsituation.ThereformprocesshasneverthelessalwaysbeenaimedatstrengtheningandimprovingthefunctioningofthesystemtomaketheWTOmoreeffectiveandmoreresponsivetomembers'needs.Amidthesocialandeconomicdistresssharedbybillionsofpeople,someoftheseneedshavebecomepainfullyclear.AkeygoalofWTOreformmustbetoensurethattheorganizationisproperlyequippedtocontributetotheeconomicrecoveryofallmembers.

AkeyconcernistheproperfunctioningoftheWTO'sdisputesettlementsystem,giventheimpasseintheappointmentofAppellateBodymembers.TheimportanceWTOmembersattachtotheinstitution'sdisputesettlementfunctionwasunderscoredbythehighest-everlevelofactivityseenin2019,with23disputesettlementreportsanddecisionsissuedduringthecourseoftheyear.Atthesametime,lateintheyear,memberscouldnotreachconsensusonasetofproposalsputforwardbythethen-chairoftheDisputeSettlementBodyinanattempttoaddressconcernsaboutthefunctioningoftheAppellateBody.Iencouragememberstoconsiderthecompromisestheywouldbewillingtomaketomaintainavitaltwo-stepreviewprocessforthesettlementoftradedisputesandtoavoidtheprospectofblockedrulingsandunilateralretaliation.

AnotherimportantfunctionoftheWTOisourworktoassistdevelopingcountriestogainabetterunderstandingofhowbesttomakethemultilateraltradingsystemandtheWTOrulebookworkforthem.In2019,theWTOorganizedtrainingcoursesforover18,000governmentofficials,enhancingtheirknow-howandskillstohelptheirrespectivecountriesplayamoreactiveroleinworldtrade.TheWTOalsohostedtheGlobalReviewofAidforTrade,aWTO-ledinitiativeaimedatimprovingthetradingcapacityofdevelopingandleast-developedcountries.Thethree-dayeventbroughtover1,500participantstoourheadquarterstoshareideasandlookatexamplesofhowtargetedtechnicalandfinancialsupporthashelpedcountriesusetradetobolstereconomicdiversificationandempowerment.

OthereventsheldattheWTOin2019includedourannualPublicForum,whichattracte