考研考博-英语-天津体育学院运动与文化艺术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津体育学院运动与文化艺术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute______ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

问题1选项

A.friction

B.function

C.fraction

D.fiction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项friction“摩擦”，B项function“功能，职责”，C项fraction“分数，部分，小部分”，D项fiction“小说，虚构，编造”。空格处需要填入一个of所属关系的名词，与thesightsandsounds（视觉和听觉）搭配，B、D可排除。由后面的thegreatmajority（大多数）可知，这里形成了对比，所以前面表示“一小部分”，C项符合。句意：我们很少能够感知到那些极其微小的落在我们感觉器官上的视觉或听觉片断，（这些片断中的）大部分从我们身边溜走了。因此，该题选择C项。

2.单选题

Asforloveofchildren,thisloveis（）expressedthroughsupplyingmaterialcomforts,a-musements,andeducationalopportunities.

问题1选项

A.increasingly

B.tolerably

C.dynamically

D.obediently

【答案】A

【解析】副词辨析。句意：至于对孩子的爱，这种爱总是表现在

为他们提供物质上的安逸，玩乐和

教育的机会。increasingly逐渐地；tolerably可容忍地；dynamically充满活力地；obediently服从地。

因此，A项符合句意。

3.单选题

Anarchaeologisthastopaymuchattentionto（）detailsofanunearthedobject.

问题1选项

A.miserable

B.minus

C.minute

D.moist

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。C项minute（极小的，微小的）与句中details(细节)搭配合理。

4.单选题

.Inthemuseumthereisa（

）oftheshipMayflower.

问题1选项

A.supplement

B.nucleus

C.miniature

D.valve

【答案】C

【解析】supplement增补,补充；nucleus核心；miniature微小的模型；valve阀,活门。句意:博物馆里有一艘五月花号船的微缩模型。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigitalinformationthan________intraditionalmedia.

问题1选项

A.exist

B.exists

C.existing

D.toexist

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。than可以做定语从句的关系代词。在此用法中than既充当比较作用，又充当代词作用，代替前面的theuseandcopyingofdigitalinformation，主语是复数，谓语动词用原型，所以A选项正确。句意：这些提案寻求在数字信息的使用和复制上给予比在传统媒体的使用和复制上更多的限制。

6.单选题

Thefollowingqualificationsareessentialforthepost:anhonorsdegreeinEnglish,_______inshorthandandtypewritingandsomeexperienceinjournalism.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.expertise

C.knowledge

D.familiarity

【答案】A

【解析】proficiency精通,熟练;expertise专门技术;familiarity熟悉。句意：应聘该职位必须具备以下条件:英语荣誉学位,速记和打字熟练,有一定的新闻工作经验。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

AlexanderWolcott'sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

问题1选项

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singer

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：AlexanderWolcott浮夸的个性结合了敏锐的机智和多愁善感。flamboyant意为“艳丽的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，弯曲的；humorous幽默的；singer歌手；showy艳丽的，炫耀的，显眼的。选项D与之意思相近。

8.单选题

Hackersneverwerepartofthemainstreamestablishment,buttheircurrentreputationasvillainsofcyberspaceisafarcryfromtheearlydayswhen,firstandforemost,theywereseenasardentifquirkyprogrammers,capableofnear-miraculous,unorthodoxfeatsofmachinemanipulation.Buttheshiftinpopularperceptiontohackersasdeviantsandcriminalsisimportantnotonlybecauseitaffectsthehackersthemselvesandtheextraordinaryculturethathasgrownaroundthem,butbecauseitreflectsshiftsinthedevelopment,governance,andmeaningofthenewinformationtechnology.

InHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolution,StevenLevytracestherootsofevolvinghackercommunitiestotheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinthelate1950s.Here,coremembersoftheTechModelRailroadClub“discovered”computersfirstasatoolforenhancingtheirbelovedmodelrailroadsandthenasobjectsofpassionintheirownright.TheyturnedtheirconsiderablecreativeenergiestothetaskofbuildingandprogrammingMIT'searlymainframesinuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistencewithformalemployeesoftheuniversity'stechnicalstaff.

Formidableprogrammers,thesehackersproducedanddebuggedcomputercodesatanastonishingrate.Theyhelpeddevelophardwareandsoftwareforexistingcomputerfunctionsandinventednovelalgorithmsandapplicationsthatwereincorporatedintosubsequentgenerationsofcomputers.Thesenovelfunctionsnotonlyextendedrecreationalcapabilities—gaming,virtualreality,anddigitizedmusic一butalsoincreasedpracticalcapabilitiessuchasthecontrolofrobotsandprocessingspeeds.Obsessiveworkalsoyieldedahostofbasicsystemsubroutinesandutilitiesthatpushedoperatingcapacitiesandefficiencytonewheights,andbecameafundamentalpartofwhatweexperienceeverytimewesitinfrontofacomputer.

Thisbookdescribeslegendaryhackingbinges—daysandnightswithlittleornosleep—leadingtoproductsthatsurprisedandsometimesannoyedcolleaguesinmainstreamacademicandresearchpositions.“Thepurehack”didnotrespectprescribedmethodsortheory-driven,top-downapproachestocomputerscienceandengineering.Theunconventionallifestyledidnotseemtoputoffadherents,eventhoughitcouldbeprettyunwholesome:adisregardforpatternsofnightandday,adietofjunk-food,inattentiontopersonalappearanceandhygiene,andthevirtualabsenceofanylifeoutsideofhacking.

Itwasnotonlysingle-mindedattachmenttotheircraftthatdefinedtheseearlybackersbuttheirespousalofanideologyinformallycalledthe“hackerethic.”Thiscreedincludedseveralelements:commitmenttototalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation,beliefinimmensepowersofcomputerstoimprovepeople'slivesandcreateartandbeauty,disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing,andaninsistencethathackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment.Inotherwords,thecultureofhackingincorporatedpoliticalandmoralvaluesaswellastechnicalends.

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?

问题1选项

A.ongoodterms

B.somewhatunsettled

C.hostile

D.tricky

问题2选项

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.

B.Hacker'seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.

问题3选项

A.unconventional

B.innovative

C.annoying

D.outofdate

问题4选项

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.TherelationshipbetweenthehackercommunityandMITadministrationinthelate1950scanbebestdescribedas______.1.20世纪50年代末，黑客团体和麻省理工学院管理部门之间的关系可以用______来描述。

A.ongoodtermsA.关系和睦的

B.somewhatunsettledB.有点不稳定的

C.hostileC.敌对的

D.trickyD.非常微妙的

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段的最后一句“他们把大量的创造力投入到建造和编程MIT早期的大型机的任务中，与大学的技术人员在不稳定但相对和睦的环境中共存（inuneasybutrelativelypeacefulcoexistence）”，从中可知，20世纪50年代末，黑客团体和MIT之间的关系是相当和睦的。A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“有点不稳定的”在文中虽然提及，但并不是重点之处，属于本末倒置；

C项“敌对的”与原文相反，反向干扰；

D项“非常微妙的”没提及，无中生有。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueinthispassage?2.下面哪一项在这段话中是不正确的？

A.Existingcomputerfunctionshavebeenimprovedwiththehelpofhackers.A.在黑客的帮助下，现有的计算机功能得到了改进。

B.Hacker’seffortshavecontributedtoincreasingcapabilitiesofourcomputerinseveralways.B.黑客的努力在几个方面帮助我们提高了计算机的性能。

C.Hackersaregenerallytakenasillegalinthepast.C.在过去，黑客通常被认为是非法的。

D.Hackersbelievethattheirtechnicalaccomplishmentistheonlycriterionforevaluatingthem.D.黑客相信他们的技术成就是评价他们的唯一标准。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段首句“黑客从来都不是主流机构的一部分，但他们目前作为网络空间恶棍的名声，与早期的情形相去甚远，当时，他们首先被视为热情而古怪的程序员，能够近乎奇迹般地完成非正统的机器操作壮举。”，从中可知，在过去，黑客是被视为热情而古怪的程序员，且技术精通；并且本文主要不是讲黑客犯罪或其他黑历史，而是讲早前的黑客其实与现在大不同，C项“在过去，黑客通常被认为是非法的”与全文基调不符。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“在黑客的帮助下，现有的计算机功能得到了改进”和B项“黑客的努力在几个方面帮助我们提高了计算机的性能”从原文第三段可以得知，第三段提到黑客帮助开发了用于现有计算机功能的硬件和软件，并发明了新的算法和应用程序，而且还扩展了计算机的许多功能，他们还将计算机操作能力和效率推到了新的高度，所以该两项符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D项“黑客相信他们的技术成就是评价他们的唯一标准”根据末段倒数第二句“……他们坚信评估黑客的标准只有精湛的技术和成就（hackersbeevaluatedbynoothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，所以该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.ThelifestyleofhackersdescribedinHackers:HeroesoftheComputerRevolutionis______.3.《黑客：计算机革命的英雄》中描述的黑客的生活方式是______。

A.unconventionalA.非常规的，非传统的

B.innovativeB.创新的

C.annoyingC.令人讨厌的

D.outofdateD.过时的

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段最后一句“这种非传统的生活方式（Theunconventionallifestyle）似乎并没有让追随者们反感……”，从中可知，黑客的生活方式是非传统的。A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“创新的”、C项“令人讨厌的”和D项“过时的”根据解题思路可知，曲解原文。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthehackerethic?4.以下哪一项包含在黑客伦理中？

A.Strongwilltoovercomedifficultiesthatstandintheway.A.克服阻碍前进的困难的坚强意志。

B.Devotiontogetfreeaccesstoinformation.B.致力于免费获取信息。

C.Concentrationontheimprovementoftheircraft.C.专注于提高他们的技艺。

D.Immensepowertocreateartandbeauty.D.创造艺术和美的巨大力量。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词hackerethic定位至最后一段第二句“这个信条包括几个要素：承诺免费使用电脑和信息（totalandfreeaccesstocomputersandinformation），相信计算机的巨大力量（beliefinimmensepowersofcomputers）可以改善人们的生活以及创造艺术和美丽，蔑视针对自由访问计算而设置的障碍（disdainforobstacleserectedagainstfreeaccesstocomputing），和坚持评估黑客的标准只有精湛的技术和成就（insistencethathackersbeevaluatedbyothercriteriathantechnicalvirtuosityandaccomplishment）”，从中可知，B项“致力于免费获取信息”是包含在黑客伦理里面的。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“克服阻碍前进的困难的坚强意志”原文没有提及，无中生有；

C项“专注于提高他们的技艺”，原文是坚持评估黑客的标准只有精湛的技术和成就，并没有说明他们要专注于提高技艺，曲解原文；

D项“创造艺术和美的巨大力量”，原文是“计算机的巨大力量（immensepowersofcomputers）”，并不是艺术和美的巨大力量，属于曲解原文。

9.单选题

Studentswith（）problemsmayapplyforstudentloans.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.financial

C.nabobery

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济上的”。B选项financial“财政的”。C选项nabobery“财主常去的地方”。D选项economical“节约的，合算的”。句意：有财务问题的学生可以申请学生贷款。因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Howeverimportantweregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmatterasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwritinganddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Theinformalteaandmanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatripandengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.

Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.

Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.

Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.

1.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthat（）.

2.Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor（）.

3.Wemayinferthatthewriterofthisarticledoesnotfavor（）.

问题1选项

A.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparents

B.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschool

C.therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedathome

D.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectives

问题2选项

A.issatisfiedwithpresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschool

B.feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogram

C.feelsthatparent-teacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivethantheyareatpresent

D.isoftheopinionthatteachersofthisgenerationareinferiortothoseofthelastgeneration

问题3选项

A.afather’shelpinghissonwiththelatter’sstudies

B.writtencommunicationstotheparentfromtheteacher

C.havingtheparentsobservelessonswhichthechildrenarebeingtaught

D.principal-parentconferencesratherthanteacher-parentconferences

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键——教师。所以选项B更能概括全文。

2.细节推理题。根据最后一段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项C符合原文。

3.信息推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，老师在得到管理员允许的情况下也可以起到启发家长的重要作用，非正式的茶会和许多访谈，以及报告学生进步的新方法，都可以显著地帮助实现学校和家庭之间的和谐互动。由此可知，作者支持的是老师来进行面谈会而不是校长，所以选项D符合原文。

11.单选题

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（）,awiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

问题1选项

A.circulation

B.reproduction

C.manipulation

D.penetration

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。circulation发行量；reproduction繁殖，再生产；manipulation操纵，处理；penetration渗透，突破。由空格后的内容可知，美国报纸的新技术变革带来了好影响，那么对于报纸本身来说，最好影响就是发行量的增加。故A项正确。句意：美国报业的新技术革命让报纸发行量增加，带来了更多出版物，并且增加了报纸的就业机会。

12.写作题

Describechildrensurfingthenetbrieflyandgiveyourcomments.

【答案】Nowadays,theInternetisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsthroughouttheworld.TheInternetisacollectionofvariousservicesandresourcesforpeople.AlmostallhouseholdshaveaccesstotheInternet；however,beforepeopleconnectingtheInternet,theyneedtobeawareofitsdisadvantagesandadvantages.Childrenofnetusershavebecomeabigconcern.MostparentsdonotrealizethedangersinvolvedwhentheirchildrenlogontotheInternet.Whenchildrenareonline,theycaneasilybeluredintosomethingdangerous.Whenchildrentalktoothersonline,theydonotrealizetheycouldactuallybetalkingtoaharmfulperson.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanycaseswherechildrenhavebeenconvincedtomeetpeopletheyhavetalkedwithonline.Inaddition,childrenmayalsoreceivepornographyonlinebymistake;therefore,causingconcernamongparentseverywhere.WhethersurfingtheWeb,readingnewsgroups,orusingemail,childrencanbeexposedtoextremelyinappropriatematerial.Pornographicsitestendtomakesuretheyarethefirstsitestobelistedinanysearcharea；thus,childrencomeacrosssuchsiteseasily.

Wecouldcontroltheissuefromthefollowingthreeaspects.Firstandforemost,parentsareresponsiblefortheirownchildrenontheInternetbecausethereareavailableservicestoprotectchildren.Further,tokeepchildrensafe,parentsandteachersmustbeawareofthedangers.Theymustactivelyguideandguardtheirchildrenonlineandshouldtalktochildrenaboutwhatisonlineandwhatmighthappenonline.Inaddition,thecompaniesshoulddevelopanumberoftoolsavailabletodaythatmayhelpkeeptheInternetenvironmentsaferforchildren.Inotherwords,childrenwanttoexplorethings；however,therearepeopleontheInternetthatarejusttoopersuasive.

13.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项appliance“器具，器械”，B项accessory“配件，附件”，C项machine“机械，机器”，D项mechanism“机制，原理”。根据句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作which定语从句的先行词，在从句中充当主语，根据从句的内容“使火车不可能相撞”可推断，空格处填入mechanism“机制”符合语境。句意：应该有一种安全机制使火车不可能相撞。因此，该题选择D项正确。

14.单选题

Theprotectivecoveringoflobsters,nobodycoulddoubt,isanadaptationevolvedbyDarwinianselection.

问题1选项

A.adjustment

B.application

C.argument

D.assembly

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项adjustment“调整，调节；调节器”；B选项application“应用；申请；应用程序；敷用；（对事物、学习等）投入”；C选项argument“论证；论据；争吵；内容提要；自变数；主词，受词”；D选项assembly“装配；集会，集合；汇编，编译”。句意：毫无疑问，龙虾身上的保护层是由达尔文选择进化而来的一种适应。结合此处关键词adaptation“适应”，得知A为正确答案。

15.单选题

Shespokeso______attheconference,asthoughthesaidissuewasoflittleimportance.

问题1选项

A.seriously

B.casually

C.stubbornly

D.comically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词解析。A选项seriously“认真地；严重地，严肃地”；B选项casually“随便地；偶然地；临时地”；C选项stubbornly“倔强地；顽固地；顽强地；固执地”；D选项comically“滑稽地；诙谐地”。句意：她在会议上讲话那么随便，好像那个问题不重要似的。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Hefailedto（

）himselftothenewenvironment.

问题1选项

A.adopt

B.adapt

C.attach

D.abduct

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。adopt“采用，收养”；adapt“适应”；attach“使联系，使依附”；abduct“绑架，诱拐”。句意：他不能适应新环境。B项符合题意。

17.单选题

Hewas_______totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.

问题1选项

A.toomuchofacoward

B.toomuchthecoward

C.acowardenough

D.enoughofacoward

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。综合选项可知，本题考查“too…to…太……以致不能”，toomuchthecoward“懦夫太多”不符合句意，因此A选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Thefamouspicture________inItalyisnowexhibitedinamuseuminParis.

问题1选项

A.thatshoot

B.itwasshot

C.asisshot

D.whichwasshot

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这张著名的照片（）于意大利，现展览在巴黎的一家博物馆。四个选项都有shoot即“拍摄”的意思。因为照片只能被拍摄，所以要用被动语态，A选项排除。一个句子，没有从句连接词或者连词的话只能出现一套主谓结构，所以B不选；as可以引导状语从句充当从句主语，但是表因为，或者类比，C选项逻辑不通，所以答案选D。

19.单选题

Insciencethemeaningoftheword"explain"sufferswithcivilization'severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,andgravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstspeculatedon

theelectrificationofamber.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces"really"are.Electricity,BertrandRussellsays,"isnotathing,likeSt.Paul'sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereistotell."Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,forexample,whosenaturalsciencedominatedwesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat'swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat'swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.

1.BertrandRussell'snotionaboutelectricityis（）.

2.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeideathat（）.

3.Theexpression"speculatedon"(Line4)means（）.

问题1选项

A.disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists

B.inagreementwithAristotle'stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

C.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"how"thingshappen

D.inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"why"thingshappen

问题2选项

A.thereareself-evidentprinciples

B.therearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

C.mancannotdiscoverwhatforces"really"are

D.wecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

问题3选项

A.considered

B.suspected

C.expected

D.engagedinbuyingandselling

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：伯特兰•罗素关于电的见解_____。文章引用了罗素的见解之后有一句“Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea”，此句是notuntil句型的变形，提取了disapproved中的否定部分后，可理解为“直到现在科学家们才赞成这个说法”，可知罗素的见解与当代科学家们是符合的。文章最后一句提到“Galileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginated…formsthebasisofscientificinvestigation”，说明当代科学是研究“howthingshappen”。因此C选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：这篇文章说，直到最近科学家们才同意这种观点______。题干部分的理解与上题选项一致。科学家们同意的是罗素的观点，而作者引用罗素是为了说明“Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces"really"are”，因此C选项符合题意。

3.词义题。定位句说到，科学不能真正解释电、磁、重力，它们的效果能被测量和预测。对于它们的本性，现代科学家并不比希腊哲学家泰利斯知道得更多。所以对于琥珀带电这件事，泰勒斯应该停留在思考阶段，还不能说是怀疑。因此A选型符合题意。

20.单选题

Whichsporthasthemostexpenses_______trainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?

问题1选项

A.inplaceof

B.bywayof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】inplaceof代替;bywayof经由;intermsof依据,按照,在……方面;bymeansof通过,依靠。句意：哪项运动在训练器材、运动员个人装备和队服等方面的开销最大?选项C符合句意。

21.单选题

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalsointime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionoflight.Asweallknow,lightishot;mysourceoflight-fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomes.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingtheformoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（

）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat

（

）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause

（

）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（

）.

问题1选项

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

问题2选项

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

D.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

问题3选项

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylight

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

问题4选项

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

C.memademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章开头‘Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.’20世纪60年代之前，外科手术使用过的工具有：石头，锋利的骨头和角，金属刀，橡胶和塑料。确定这些工具都是很基本的，D选项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第二段中所举的眼科手术的例子可知，使用激光做手术，可以让患者感觉轻松和舒服，不需要很长时间就能恢复，彻底改变了外科手术的方法，C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段中“Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentratedThismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.然而，激光束中的光是集中的，这意味着不需要比普通电灯泡产生更多的能量就能点燃，当它集中在一个针尖大小的光束上时，就会变得非常强烈。”可知，激光光束强是因为它的光束没有分散，而是集中成针尖大小的光束，所以A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据“Noknives,nounwanteddamage—truesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.没有刀，没有不必要的伤害——真正的外科奇迹。手术曾经让病人精疲力竭，需要很长时间的恢复，现在让他们感到放松和舒适。”可知，使用激光做外科手术，可以让病人遭受极少的痛苦，B选项正确。

22.单选题

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems;toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresself-fulfillment.Itencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineis"intelligent".Yetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappyifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareintelligentperson.Problemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,orataminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,thenyouareintelligent,yourareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigN.B.DNervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent"peopledonothaveN.B.D'sbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepressionbecausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus

EveryonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficultiesDisagreements,conflictandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeing.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscolla