考研考博-英语-广西师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theboywhoistalkingwithyourteacheris（）anathlete.

问题1选项

A.anythingbut

B.nonebut

C.allbut

D.somethingbut

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项anythingbut“根本不；绝不”；B选项nonebut“只是；仅”；C选项allbut“几乎；差不多”；D选项somethingbut没有此类搭配。句意：和你老师正在说话的那个男孩绝不是一个运动员。A选项词组更加贴合句意逻辑，故选A。

2.单选题

Thepolicebelievethatthethiefisstillonthe（）.

问题1选项

A.premises

B.diversity

C.emission

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。premises“处所”；diversity“多样性”；emission“散发”；engagement“订婚”。句意：警察相信，这个小偷仍在他的住所。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Thedebatesoverstemcellresearchduringthelastdecadehavebeenamongthemostheated（

）inthehistoryofscience.

问题1选项

A.conspiracies

B.contradictions

C.contentions

D.controversies

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。conspiracy意为“阴谋”；contradiction意为“矛盾”；contention意为“论点，争论”；controversy意为“公开辩论，论战”。

句意：过去十年中关于干细胞研究的争论是科学史上最激烈的论战之一。

4.单选题

Throughoutthenation’smorethan15,000schooldistricts,widelydifferingapproachestoteachingscienceandmathhaveemerged.Thoughtherecanbestrengthindiversity,anewinternationalanalysissuggeststhatthisvariabilityhasinsteadcontributedtolacklusterachievementscoresbyU.S.childrenrelativetotheirpeersinotherdevelopedcountries.

Indeed,concludesWilliamH.SchmidtofMichiganStateUniversity,wholedthenewanalysis,“nosingleintellectuallycoherentvisiondominatesU.S.educationalpracticeinmathorscience.”Thereason,hesaid,“isbecausethesystemisdeeplyandfundamentallyflawed.”

Thenewanalysis,releasedthisweekbytheNationalScienceFoundationinArlington,Va,isbasedondatacollectedfromabout50nationsaspartoftheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy.

NotonlydoapproachestoteachingscienceandmathvaryamongindividualU.S.communities,thereportfinds,butthereappearstobelittlestrategicfocuswithinaschooldistrict’scurricula,itstextbooks,oritsteachers’activities.Thiscontrastssharplywiththecoordinatednationalprogramsofmostothercountries.

Onaverage,U.S.studentsstudymoretopicswithinscienceandmaththantheirinternationalcounterpartsdo.Thiscreatesaneducationalenvironmentthat“isamilewideandaninchdeep,”Schmidtnotes.

Forinstance,eighthgradersintheUnitedStatescoverabout33topicsinmathversusjust19inJapan.Amongsciencecourses,theinternationalgapisevenwider.U.S.curriculaforthisagelevelresemblethoseofasmallgroupofcountriesincludingAustralia,Thailand,Iceland,andBulgaria.SchmidtaskswhethertheUnitedStateswantstobeclassedwiththesenations,whoseeducationalsystems“shareourpatternofsplinteredvisions”butwhicharenoteconomicleaders.

Thenewreport“couldn’tcomeatabettertime,”saysGeraldWheeler,executivedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociationinArlington.“ThenewNationalScienceEducationStandardsprovidethatfocusedvision,”includingthecall“todoless,butingreaterdepth.”

Implementingthenewsciencestandardsandtheirmathcounterpartswillbethechallenge,heandSchmidtagree,becausethedecentralizedresponsibilityforeducationintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatanyreformsbetailoredandinstitutedonecommunityatatime.

Infact,Schmidtargues,reformssuchastheseproposednationalstandards“faceanalmostimpossibletask,becauseeventhoughtheyareintellectuallycoherent,eachbecomesonlyonemorevoiceinthebabble.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,theteachingofscienceandmathinAmericais____.

2.ThefundamentalflawofAmericanschooleducationisthat____.

3.BysayingthattheU.S.educationalenvironmentis“amilewideandaninchdeep”(Para.5),theauthormeansU.S.educationalpractice____.

4.ThenewNationalScienceEducationStandardsaregoodnewsinthattheywill____.

5.Puttingthenewscienceandmathstandardsintopracticewillprovedifficultbecause____.

问题1选项

A.focusedontappingstudents’potential

B.characterizedbyitsdiversity

C.losingitsvitalitygradually

D.goingdownhillinrecentyears

问题2选项

A.itlacksacoordinatednationalprogram

B.itsetsaverylowacademicstandardforstudents

C.itreliesheavilyontheinitiativeofindividualteachers

D.itattachestoomuchimportancetointensivestudyofschoolsubjects

问题3选项

A.laysstressonqualityattheexpenseofquantity

B.offersanenvironmentforcomprehensiveeducation

C.encourageslearningbothindepthandinscope

D.scratchesthesurfaceofawiderangeoftopics

问题4选项

A.providedepthtoschoolscienceeducation

B.solvemostoftheproblemsinschoolteaching

C.beabletomeetthedemandsofthecommunity

D.quicklydominateU.S.educationalpractice

问题5选项

A.thereisalwayscontroversyineducationalcirclesofthesestandards

B.notenougheducatorshaverealizedthenecessityfordoingso

C.schooldistrictsareresponsibleformakingtheirowndecisions

D.manyschoolteacherschallengetheacceptability

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,theteachingofscienceandmathinAmericais____.根据文章，美国的科学和数学教学是____。

A.focusedontappingstudents’potentialA.侧重于挖掘学生的潜力

B.characterizedbyitsdiversityB.具有多样性的特点

C.losingitsvitalitygraduallyC.正逐渐失去其活力

D.goingdownhillinrecentyearsD.正在走下坡路

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“尽管多样性有其优势，但一项新的国际分析表明，这种多样性反而导致了美国孩子相对于其他发达国家同龄人的成绩平平。”说明美国的教学具有多样性的特点。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“侧重于挖掘学生的潜力”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“正逐渐失去其活力”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“正在走下坡路”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

ThefundamentalflawofAmericanschooleducationisthat____.美国学校教育的根本缺陷是____。

A.itlacksacoordinatednationalprogramA.它缺乏一个协调一致的国家计划

B.itsetsaverylowacademicstandardforstudentsB.它为学生设定了非常低的学术标准

C.itreliesheavilyontheinitiativeofindividualteachersC.它在很大程度上依赖于个别教师的主动性

D.itattachestoomuchimportancetointensivestudyofschoolsubjectsD.它过于重视学校课程的强化学习

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“因为这个体系存在深刻和根本的缺陷。”由第四段可知“报告发现，不仅美国各个社区教授科学和数学的方法各不相同，而且学区的课程、教科书或教师的活动中似乎也没有什么战略重点。这与大多数其他国家协调一致的国家计划形成鲜明对比。”分析全文，因为美国与其他国家不同，没有协调一致的国家计划，导致美国教育存在缺陷。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“它为学生设定了非常低的学术标准”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“它在很大程度上依赖于个别教师的主动性”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“它过于重视学校课程的强化学习”，文中提到“学区的课程、教科书或教师的活动中似乎也没有什么战略重点。”可知美国的教育没有重点，没有重视强化学习，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰。

3.【选项释义】

BysayingthattheU.S.educationalenvironmentis“amilewideandaninchdeep”(Para.5),theauthormeansU.S.educationalpractice____.作者说美国的教育环境是“一英里宽，一英寸深”（第5段），意思是美国的教育实践____。

A.laysstressonqualityattheexpenseofquantityA.强调质量而忽视数量

B.offersanenvironmentforcomprehensiveeducationB.提供全面教育的环境

C.encourageslearningbothindepthandinscopeC.鼓励学习的深度和广度

D.scratchesthesurfaceofawiderangeoftopicsD.涉及面很广

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph5与题干信息可定位到第五段该句话的上文“平均而言，美国学生比其他国家的学生学习更多的科学和数学科目。”也就是说美国学生学习很多科目，可以推断美国教育涉及面很广。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“强调质量而忽视数量”，通过分析全文可知，美国教育强调数量忽视了质量，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；

B选项“提供全面教育的环境”，文中没有提到全面教育，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“鼓励学习的深度和广度”，该选项是美国呼吁教育改革的改革方向，而不是该句所要表达的意思，该选项属于张冠李戴。

4.【选项释义】

ThenewNationalScienceEducationStandardsaregoodnewsinthattheywill____.新的国家科学教育标准是好消息，因为它们将____。

A.providedepthtoschoolscienceeducationA.为学校科学教育提供深度

B.solvemostoftheproblemsinschoolteachingB.解决学校教学中的大多数问题

C.beabletomeetthedemandsofthecommunityC.能够满足社会的需求

D.quicklydominateU.S.educationalpracticeD.很快主导美国的教育实践

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段“包括‘做得更少，但要更深入’的呼吁”，由此可知教育改革会让教育更深入，也就是提供深度。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“解决学校教学中的大多数问题”，曲解原文，该选项属于过度推断；

C选项“能够满足社会的需求”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有

D选项“很快主导美国的教育实践”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

Puttingthenewscienceandmathstandardsintopracticewillprovedifficultbecause____.将新的科学和数学标准付诸实践将是困难的，因为____。

A.thereisalwayscontroversyineducationalcirclesA.在教育界一直有争议

B.notenougheducatorshaverealizedthenecessityfordoingsoB.没有足够的教育者认识到这样做的必要性

C.schooldistrictsareresponsibleformakingtheirowndecisionsC.学区有责任自己做决定

D.manyschoolteacherschallengetheacceptabilityofthesestandardsD.许多学校教师质疑这些标准的可接受性

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第二段“他和施密特都认为，实施新的科学标准和相应的数学标准将是一项挑战，因为在美国，教育的责任分散，要求任何改革都需要一次针对一个社区制定和实施。”由此可知，教育改革要针对社区制定且教育责任分散，也就是说社区有责任自己做决定。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“在教育界一直有争议”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“没有足够的教育者认识到这样做的必要性”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“许多学校教师质疑这些标准的可接受性”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

5.单选题

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotidea.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby（

）.

2.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothepassage?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

问题2选项

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe’salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany’scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

问题3选项

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There’sgoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

问题4选项

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It’stoolateforsmallbusinessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It’surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

问题5选项

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinamultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知一个国家的经济可能由什么决定？”文章第一段第二句话提到“但是远远超过大多数美国人了解的是美国的经济活力靠的是小商店、饭店、居民服务和工厂”（ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories），选项C符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“为了能成功，企业应该怎么做？”文章第二段第一句话提到“大多数先锋企业因为没有前期准备进行开拓进取”（Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared），接着又提到“到1995年，60%的这些企业倒闭”（By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded），说明没做好准备的企业坚持不了很长时间，而要想成功，必须做好准备，选项A“为自己的新生意做好十足准备”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“下列关于对小企业的描述哪个是错误的？”文章第二段提到60%的先锋企业倒闭是因为没有做好准备，并不是因为它们开始得早，所以选项B“开始得越早，倒闭得越快”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段最后一句话的意思是什么？”文章第三段最后一句话提到“只有当资金源泉干涸时，他们才看到问题的严重性，而那个时候，这个病人（即小企业）已经无药可救了”（Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave），因此选项C“小企业老板用光了钱之后才意识到问题，但是已经为时已晚”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章的中心思想是什么？”文章主要讲述了小企业如何建立、又如何因为没有提前意识到问题而破产、如何成功发展小企业等问题，选项A“如何在小企业中成为胜利者”符合题意。

6.单选题

III.ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw

TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.TheConstitutionprohibitsnotobjectsbutactions.Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.Everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwithabasicquestionthathasbeenalmostuniversallyoverlooked.Thefundamentalquestion,fromwhichallelsefollows,isthewhoquestion:whohasviolatedtheConstitution?

Asjudicialreviewispracticedtoday,courtsskipoverthisbedrockquestiontogettothemorefamiliarquestion:howwastheConstitutionviolated?Butitmakesnosensetoaskhow,untilthereisananswertowho.Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.

Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.Thewordsformclausesandtakeongrammaticalfunctionswithinthoseclauses.Withintheirclauses,thesewordsbecomesubjects,verbs,objects.Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.Grammaticalimprecisioncancause—andhascaused—deepanalyticalanddoctrinalconfusion.Butcarefulattentiontoconstitutionalgrammarcanreveal—andwillreveal—nothinglessthantheconstitutionalstructureofjudicialreview.

Confusionaboutthewho(and,relatedly,thewhen)ofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofmanyofthedeepestpuzzlesoffederaljurisdiction—puzzlesofripeness,ofstanding,ofseverability,of“facial”and“as-applied”challenges.Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.

Andastheyaresolved,itbecomesclearthatthisapproachconstitutesanewmodelofjudicialreview.AccordingtoHarvardLawProfessorRichardFallon,federalcourtsscholarshavebeendoingmuchthesamethingsincetheoriginalpublicationofTheFederalCourtsandtheFederalSystemin1953—“askingmuchthesamequestionsformulatedbyHenryHartandHerbertWechsler…andtryingtoanswerthemwithroughlythesametechniques.”

59.Whydoestheauthorthinkthereremainsadeepconfusionaboutwhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview?

60.Theunderlinedphrase“asrevealingas”inthe3ndparagraphmeans___.

61.Theauthorthinksthattheconfusionaboutthewhoofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofthefollowingpuzzlesexcept___.

62.Readingtheparagraphs,onecantellthattheauthor___.

问题1选项

A.Judicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects.

B.Judicialreviewisthereviewofactions.

C.Verbsrequiresubjects.

D.Thejudicialreviewfocusesobjects,whereitshouldbeginwithsubjects.

问题2选项

A.equallyimportant

B.informingsamebackground

C.asinformativeas

D.grammaticalrelationshipamongthewords

问题3选项

A.thewordsofastatute

B.whetherthefactsofacasehavedevelopedsufficientlytopermitausefuldecisiontobemade

C.aparty’srighttomakealegalclaim

D.whethertoinvalidatethewholecontractoronlytheoffendingwords

问题4选项

A.thinksthatMarburyv.MadisonwasthefirstcaseofjudicialreviewintheUS

B.disagreeswiththecourts’previouspracticeofjudicialreview

C.thinksthatequallytextualstructureisequallyimportantaswordsinjudicialreview

D.thinksthatthepuzzlesoffederaljurisdictionmaybesolvedonceandforall

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】59.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（传统观点认为，司法审查是对某些法律对象的审查：法规，规章。但严格来说，这并不完全正确。）可知A选项“司法审查是对某些法律客体的审查”并不是作者认为法院在进行司法审查时，对审查的内容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因；第一段Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.（司法审查就是对这种行为的审查。行动需要参与者：行动需要主语。所以在司法审查把重点放在行动上，更不用说客体，应该从主体开始）可知D选项“司法审查以客体为中心，应以主体为起点”和原文不符，作者认为是以“行为”为中心，排除，以及C选项“动作需要主语”并不是在进行司法审查时，对审查的内容仍然存在深深的困惑的原因，排除；同时可知B选项“司法审查是对行为的审查”符合题意，作者认为目前存在的困惑是司法审查应该先审查行为，而不是审查某些法律课题，但是传统司法审查所做的内容与之相悖，所以产生了困惑。因此B选项符合题意。

60.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干定位到划线句子处Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.（这些词之间的语法关系可能就像这些词本身一样具有启示意义。）可知本句中asrevealingas表示“启示意义”，选C选项“提供有用信息”；A选项“同样重要”，B选项“告知相同的背景”以及D选项“语法关系”不符合原文的语境，排除。因此C选项正确。

61.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干问：笔者认为，除了___之外，对违宪主体的困惑是造成以下困惑的根本原因。结合原文第二段最后一句Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.（事实上，在无数杂乱无章的学说中，对违宪谓词的困惑直接源于对主体更基本的困惑）第三段第一句Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（这种基本的混乱，就像法律中的大多数混乱一样，源于对文本的关注不够）可知是对于文本关注不够，导致了对主体更基本的困惑。因此对于文字的困惑并不是对违宪主体的困惑所造成的，而是文字的困惑造成了对违宪主体的困惑，则A选项“法令的文字”并不是对违宪主体的困惑所造成的；B选项“一个案件的事实是否已经发展到足以做出有用的决定”，C选项“当事人提出法律要求的权利”以及D选项“是使整个合同无效还是仅仅使冒犯的文字无效”在原文中并未涉及，排除。因此A选项符合题意。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.（当然，单个单词很重要，但同样重要的是文本结构）可知作者认为同等的文本结构与词语同等重要，选C选项“认为在司法审查中，同等的文本结构与词语同等重要”；第一段第一句TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.（Marburyv.Madison案已经过去两个世纪了，人们对法院在进行司法审查时究竟在审查什么仍有很深的困惑。）无法推断出A选项“认为马布里诉麦迪逊案是美国第一个司法审查的案件”，排除；第一段Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.（传统观点认为，司法审查是对某些法律对象的审查：法规，规章。但严格来说，这并不完全正确。）可知作者是认为传统观点并不正确，而不是不同意法院以前司法审查的做法，B选项“不同意法院以前司法审查的做法”排除；倒数第二段最后一句Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.（只要关注这一重要的宪法特征，即宪法的主体，这些困惑就可以一劳永逸地得到解决）可知作者认为只要关注宪法的主体，联邦联邦管辖权的困惑就可以一劳永逸地得到解决，不能简单地说D选项“认为联邦管辖权的难题可以一劳永逸地解决”，太过片面，排除。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto______.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.reject

C.retreat

D.replace

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.resign辞职，辞去（某职务）B.reject拒绝接受；不予考虑

C.retreat退却；撤退D.replace代替，取代

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息informedhisboss（通知了他的老板）可推知，空格处表示“辞职”符合句意，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】10天前，这个年轻人告诉他的老板他打算辞职。

8.单选题

Yourhelpis（）forthesuccessoftheproject.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.indicative

C.inevitable

D.inherent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；B选项indicative“象征的；指示的”；C选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”；D选项inherent“内在的；与生俱来的”。句意：你的帮助是这个项目成功不可缺少的。根据句中“thesuccessoftheproject这个项目成功”可知“不可缺少的”符合语境，因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Theweathermanbroadcaststhe（）intemperaturetwiceaday.

问题1选项

A.diversion

B.variation

C.variety

D.modification

【答案】B

【解析】diversion转移,消遣；variation变化,变异；variety多样化；modification修正,改变。句意：天气预报员每天两次播报气温变化。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

OnourwaytoBeijing,wevisitedXi’an,acityoftwomillion（）,andstayedtherefortwodays.

问题1选项

A.insects

B.human

C.inhabitants

D.flights

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insect“昆虫，卑鄙的人”；B选项human“人，人类”；C选项inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D选项flight“飞行，班机”。句意：在去北京的途中，我们参观了有200万人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了两天。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

11.翻译题

Drinkingwaterandwaterfordomesticuseoftencomefromgroundwater.Inordertoprotectthiswater,localwaterauthoritiescanapplytolocaladministrativeauthoritiestomarkcertainlocationsaswaterprotectionareas.Thesizeoftheseareasiscalculatedinsuchawaythatthequantityofgroundwatertakenfromthemcorrespondstotheactualrainfallgoingintothem.Inthewaterprotectionareascertainusesofthelandandactivitiesonthelandarebannedorrestricted.Waterprotectionareasfallintothreezones.Zone3istheoutermostzonewithadiameterof4kilometersaroundthegroundwaterwell.Herenochemicalworksortheusesofpesticidesareallowed.Zone2isdeterminedaroundtheso-called50-dayline.Itisassumedthatafter50daystheharmfulbacteriainthegroundwaterwilldepositanddieoff.Heresettlementsandfertilizerstorageareforbidden.Zone1markstheten-meterboundaryaroundthewell.Here,anyuseoftheland,aswellasaccessbyunauthorizedpersons,isforbidden.

【答案】饮用水和生活用水通常来自地下水。为了保护这一水域，地方水务主管部门可以向地方行政主管部门申请将某些地点标记为水保护区。这些地区的面积是这样计算的：从这些地区抽取的地下水的数量与进入这些地区的实际降雨量相对应。在水保护区，土地的用途是规定好的，而在土地上从事某种活动是被禁止或限制的。水保护区分为三个区。第三区是最外围的区域，在地下水井方圆4公里范围内，这里不允许建立化工厂，使用杀虫剂。第二区大概是由所谓的50天线所决定的。普遍认为地下水中的有害细菌在50天后会沉积并死亡。在第二区不准建立住房或者肥料仓库。第一区是地下水井方圆十米的范围。在这里，禁止任何土地使用活动或者未经授权的人进入。

12.单选题

Huntingisthoughttobe（）fortheextinctionofsomewildlife.

问题1选项

A.responsible

B.blamed

C.charged

D.denounced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。responsible“负责任的”，词组beresponsiblefor“承担……责任”，tobeblamefor“应受责备”，bechargedwith“”被控告”，denounce“公然抨击”，句意：野生动物灭绝的原因应该归咎于狩猎。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightrepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trulyweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinanti-socialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey________.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton________.

4.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey________.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizat