考研考博-英语-中南财经政法大学考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中南财经政法大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Hardly（）openedtheletter（）rushedoutofthehouse,wildwithjoy.

问题1选项

A.didhe,whenhe

B.hadhe,whenhe

C.hadhe,didhe

D.didhe,hewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒装。当Hardly在句首时，为固定的倒装，且和when搭配，为Hardly…when…，可排除C选项。空格后open是实义动词且已经是ed形式，证明之前不能使用did（使用did，open要相对应的使用原型），排除A,D选项，句意：他一打开信，就欣喜若狂地冲出了房子。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Becauseof（）waysoflife,thecouplehassomedifficultygettingalongwitheachother.

问题1选项

A.incomprehensible

B.incomparable

C.inconceivable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项incomprehensible“费解的，无限的”，B项incomparable“无比的，不能比较的”，C项inconceivable“不可思议的，难以置信的”，D项incompatible“不相容的，矛盾的”；根据后文“这对夫妇相处起来有些困难”可知，D项符合语境。句意：由于生活方式不相容，这对夫妇很难相处。因此，该题选择D项正确。

3.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

他曾在许多著名的美术家门下学习。这些美术家中的一些渴望描述社会下层居民的生活。

只有通过这些科目考试的人才能担任政府官员。

有证据证明黑猩猩(chimpanzee)过着一种复杂的社会生活，但具体的细节尚不清楚。

人们抱着一夜暴富的心理借钱赌牌。

肥沃的土地和丰富的植物提供了丰富的粮食，维护了社会的稳定。

【答案】Hewasoncelearnedfrommanyfamousartists,someofwhomdesiredtodescribelivesofpeoplefromthelowerclass.

Onlypeoplewhopasstheseexamscanbecomegovernmentofficials.

Evidenceshowsthatchimpanzeesliveacomplexsociallife,butsomespecificdetailsarestillnotclear.

Peopleborrowmoneytogamblewiththethoughtofbecomingrichovernight.

Fertilesoilandabundantplantsprovideusenoughfoodandsustainthesociety'sstability.

4.单选题

Andersonheldouthisarmsto（）theattack,butthesharkgrabbedhisrightforearmanddived.

问题1选项

A.turnoff

B.wardoff

C.triggeroff

D.calloff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项turnoff“关掉”；B选项wardoff“避开、挡住”；C选项triggeroff“引起、激起”；D选项calloff“取消、放弃”，句意为：安德森伸出双臂挡住鲨鱼的攻击，但鲨鱼咬住他的右前臂，潜入水中。wardoff“避开、挡住”符合题意，因此选B。

5.单选题

Thousandsofpeoplelefttheirruralhomesandflockedintothecitiestolivebesidethenewfactories.

问题1选项

A.dashed

B.filed

C.strolled

D.swarmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。flockinto表示“大批地涌进，成群结队涌到”；A项dash“猛冲，匆忙”，B项file“提出（申请），把……归档”，C项stroll“散步，闲逛”，D项swarm“成群来回移动，蜂拥而至”。句意：成千上万的人离开农村，涌入城市，住在新工厂旁边。根据句意可知，该题D项正确。

6.单选题

Atthebeginningofthissemester,ourEnglishteacher（）alistofbooksforustoread.

问题1选项

A.passedon

B.fishedout

C.handedin

D.madeout

【答案】D

【解析】passedon传递,

通过,

去世；fishedout摸索出；handedin上交,

呈送；madeout说明,

填写,

理解。句意：新学期开始的时候,

我们的英语老师就列出了需要我们读的书的清单。madeoutalistof...指列出...的清单,

选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Thatisindeedaharshstandard,andnottheoneIwanttogovernmylifeorthoseofotherpeople.

问题1选项

A.benefit

B.affect

C.damage

D.direct

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。govern在句中是“管理，统治”，A选项benefit“有利于”；B选项affect“影响”；C选项damage“毁灭，损害”；D选项direct“指导，管理”。句意：那的确是一个严厉的标准，而不是我想要的可以用来指导我的生活或其他的人的生活的标准。根据句意D项正确。

8.单选题

Melissaisacomputer（）thatdestroyedfilesincomputersandfrustratedthousandsofusersaroundtheworld.

问题1选项

A.genius

B.virus

C.disease

D.bacteria

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。genius“天才”；virus“病毒”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“细菌”，根据destroyedfilesincomputers“破坏电脑中的文件”，可知此处说的是电脑病毒。句意：米丽莎是一种电脑……，它能够摧毁电脑中的文件，困扰了成千上万的全球用户。故正确答案为选项B。

9.单选题

FromherconversationI______thatshehadalargefamily.

问题1选项

A.estimated

B.suspected

C.predicted

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项estimated“（对数量、成本等的）估计”；B选项suspected“怀疑；觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）”；C选项predicted“预言”；D选项deduced“推断”。句意：从和她的谈话中我______她有一个大家庭。根据语境，通过谈话得出她有一个大家庭，谈话中得出信息和事实，deduced“推断”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

10.单选题

Asajuniorassistantmanager,hehadbeenselectedfor（）.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.promotion

C.consideration

D.intuition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作为一个年轻的副经理,他已被选中为提拔对象。

考查名词辨析。Interruption中断时间,打扰,插嘴;promotion提升,提拔,晋升;consideration仔细考虑,深思,斟酌;intuition直觉力,(一种)直觉。故B符合句意。

11.单选题

WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbe（）andgoanotherday.

问题1选项

A.probable

B.reliable

C.flexible

D.feasible

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。probable可信的；reliable可靠的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的。句意：我们已经安排好星期五去看电影，但我们可以灵活调整，改天去也行。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

GivingEmployeesWhatTheyWant:TheReturnsareHugeDavidSirota,co-authorofTheEnthusiasticEmployee:HowCompaniesProfitbyGivingWorkersWhatTheyWant,findsthatfirmswhereemployeemoraleishightendtooutperformcompetitors.Hetoldus:"Peopleatworkhavevariousbasicgoals.First,theywanttobetreatedfairly.Employeeswanttoknowtheyaregettingwhatisnormallydefinedascompetitivepay.IfIfeelunderpaid,thereisnotmuchanorganizationcandotoboostmymorale.Second,employeeswantasenseofachievementfromwork.Thekeyelementistobeproudofyourjobandproudoftheorganizationforwhichyouaredoingit.Thethirdelementiscamaraderie.Thisisalsonotmentionedmuchinourfield,butit’skey——notonlyinthesenseofhavingafriend,butworkingwelltogetherasateam.”

And,hesays,thereareanumberofotherthingscompaniescandotoboostmorale:“First,providesecurity.Layingoffpeopleshouldbethelastresort,notthefirstthingyoudo.Somecompaniesusearingofdefense.Ifthebusinessishavingdifficulties,theyretrainworkersorbringworkinsidefromsubcontractors.Thereareanumberofstepsyoucantakebeforemakingpeopleredundant.

Second,wheretherearedifficultiesingettingworkdone,wesuggestself-managedteams.Toyotaisagoodexampleinhavingateamofworkersmanagepartoftheassemblyline.Theteamcouldlookatqualityandatwhateverkindsofmaintenanceandsupportwereneeded,anditcoulddecidehowtorotateworkers.Asopposedtotheusualtop-downmanagement,thisapproachistremendouslysatisfyingforworkers,andthusreducestheneedforbureaucracybecausethepeopleessentiallyaremanagingthemselves.

“Recognitionisalsoimportant.Organization-wideawardsshouldbeliketheNobelPrize,wherepeersareinvolvedintheselectionoftheindividualswhoreceivetheawardforoutstandingachievement,notday-to-daywork.

“Thetraditionalmeritpaysystemswithanappraisalandpayincreasearequitenegative.Workersfeelnorelationbetweenwhattheydoandtheirpayincrease.Arewardhastobefeltassuch.Researchhasverifiedasystemsuchas‘gainsharing’,inwhichagroupofworkersjudgesitsperformanceovertime.Ifproductivitygoesup20%andtheworkforceincreases10%,thenthatmeansthereisgreaterefficiency.

“Inthe1980sand1990s,wehadareactiontoparticularformsofmanagement.Wetalkaboutfourkinds:thefirstoneispaternalism,whereworkersaretreatedaschildren.Thenthereisadversarial,whereworkersaretheenemy.Thenthereistransactional,whereworkersarelikeciphers.Managementdoesnotknowwhattheyarelikeasindividuals.Theattitudeis,‘Wepaidyou,nowweareeven.Wedon’toweyouanything.’That’swheremostcompanieshavegonetoday.Loyaltyisdead.

“Thefourthiswhatwehavebeentalkingabout,whichisthepartnershiporganization.ItdoesnotmeanthatbecauseIpaidyou,wearenoweven.Youdon’ttreatpartnersthatwaybecauseyoumightneedthemtohelpyououtsometime,andtheymightneedyou.It’smorelikearelationshipbetweenmatureadults--notlikechildrenorenemies,butallies.”

1.Inparagraph1,whateffectofhighmoraleismentioned?

2.WhichofthesedoesSirotasuggestisgoodreactionforacompanywithfinancialproblems?

3.HowdidToyotamotivateworkersonassemblylines?

4.Howshouldbonusesbeawarded,accordingtoSirota?

5.What,nowadays,isthetypicalmanagement-workerrelationship?

问题1选项

A.Employeesstaywiththecompanylonger.

B.Employeesworkharderthantheircounterpartsinothercompanies.

C.Companiesproducebetterresultsthantheirrivals.

D.Companieswithhighmoralearemorerespected.

问题2选项

A.Reducingtheworkforce.

B.Outsourcingtoreducecosts.

C.Reducingtherewardspackages.

D.Transferringemployeestootherjobs.

问题3选项

A.Byaskingmanagerstotaketurnstoperformasworkers.

B.Bylettinggroupsofworkersmakedecisionsontheirworkorganization.

C.Byallowingteamstotakeoverthewholeprocessofproduction.

D.Byrewardingthemforachievingtheirproductiontarget.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldbedecidedbypeopleatthesamelevelintheorganization.

B.Theyshouldbegivenonamonthlybasis.

C.Theyshouldbebasesonroutinework.

D.Theyshouldbeawardedasaresultofevaluationfromlinemanagers.

问题5选项

A.Onwhereworkershavetobecaredforbytheirmanagers.

B.Oneofhostility,showingstrongdislikewitheachother.

C.Onewhichispurelyeconomic.

D.Oneofco-operationonequalterms.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第一句后半部分提到“发现那些员工士气高的公司比他们的竞争公司经营得要好”（findsthatfirmswhereemployeemoraleishightendtooutperformcompetitors），因此可知员工士气高的公司收益要比竞争对手高，选项C符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“解雇员工应该是最后的手段，而不是最初的。有些公司会采用一些防御办法。如果公司遇到困难，他们重新培训员工或者从别的承包商那里接工作”（Layingoffpeopleshouldbethelastresort,notthefirstthingyoudo.Somecompaniesusearingofdefense.Ifthebusinessishavingdifficulties,theyretrainworkersorbringworkinsidefromsubcontractors.），由此可知选项D“将员工调整到其他岗位”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段第一二句话提到“当工作遇到困难时，建议团队进行自我管理。Toyota就是最好的例子”（Second,wheretherearedifficultiesingettingworkdone,wesuggestself-managedteams.Toyotaisagoodexampleinhavingateamofworkersmanagepartoftheassemblyline），接着该段介绍了团队如何来进行自我管理，比如决定如何让员工轮班（decidehowtorotateworkers）。因此选项B符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到“研究证实了一种‘收益分享’的系统，在这种系统下一组员工不断进行绩效评估。如果生产量增加了20%，劳动力增加了10%，那么意味着效率更高”（Researchhasverifiedasystemsuchas‘gainsharing’,inwhichagroupofworkersjudgesitsperformanceovertime.Ifproductivitygoesup20%andtheworkforceincreases10%,thenthatmeansthereisgreaterefficiency），由此可知奖励是根据员工的工作业绩来定的，选项C符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到“它更像成年人之间的一种关系，不像孩子或者敌人之间的相处模式，而是盟友”（It’smorelikearelationshipbetweenmatureadults--notlikechildrenorenemies,butallies），由此可知选项D“平等的合作关系”符合题意。

13.单选题

Ihadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother,soIpaidcondolencecallsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoon.

Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceasedwomansaidtome,“IfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnow,shewouldbealivetoday.It’smyfaultthatshedied.”Atthesecondhome,thesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaid,“IfonlyIhadn’tinsistedonmymother’sgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealivetoday.Thatlongairplaneride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtake.It’smyfaultthatshe’sdead.”

Whenthingsdon’tturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierending.Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldhaveturnedoutanyworse?

Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.Thatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourminds.

Thesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfault.Therootsoffeelingmaylieinourchildhood.Psychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence.Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneeds,andthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.Hewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasks.Hecries,andsomeonecomestoattendtohim.Whenheishungry,peoplefeedhim,andwhenheiswet,peoplechangehim.Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.

1.Whatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywoman?

2.Theauthorhadtoconductthetwowomen’sfuneralsprobablybecause（

）.

3.Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecause

（

）.

4.Inthecontextofthepassage,“...theworldmakessense”(Line2,Para.4)probablymeansthat

（

）.

5.Peoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theylivedoutanaturallife.

B.Theydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplaneride.

C.Theyweren’taccustomedtothechangeinweather.

D.Theydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers.

问题2选项

A.hewantedtoconsolethetwofamilies

B.hewasanofficialfromthecommunity

C.hehadgreatsympathyforthedeceased

D.hewaspriestofthelocalchurch

问题3选项

A.theycouldn’tfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgrief

B.theybelievethattheywereresponsible

C.theyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofevents

D.theydidn’tknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection

问题4选项

A.everythingintheworldispredetermined

B.theworldcanbeinterpretedindifferentways

C.there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld

D.wehavetobesensibleinordertounderstandtheworld

问题5选项

A.everybodyisattheircommand

B.lifeanddeathisanunsolvedmystery

C.everystoryshouldhaveahappyending

D.theirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappens

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.細节事实题。根据文章第一段的OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife(那是在一月，我连着为两位年迈的老人主持葬礼,正如圣经中所说，这两位老人都是在经历了漫长和完整的人生之后的身体正常耗尽)可知选项A“两位老人终其天年”与文章意思相符。

2.判断推理题。题目是问“作者需要为两位老人办理丧事的原因有可能是什么。选项A:因为作者想安慰这两个家，B:因为作者是那个社区的公务人员，C:因为作者对死者怀有无限同情和D:因为作者是当地教堂的牧师，并且根据原文Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”as...中的关键词officiate“主持宗教仪式”和onsuccessivedays“连续”可知极有可能的原因是选项D。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirloved定位至第三段:Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.,而后面紧接着说到原因:Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter(当他们的行动计划引起了坏的结果时，他们就会相信如果当初采取不同的行动计划，如将母亲留在家里以及将计划延期，那么结果就会好很多)，由此可知人们通常会对至亲的去世感到内疚是因为他们认为自己对于至亲的去世负有贵任，即选项B。

4.语义题。第四段主要是对我们常常会感到自责的原因之一的介绍，根据这—段中的Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.“一方面是因为我们非常相信世界自有其道理，也就是说世间的一切都有某发生存在的原因”可知theworldmakessense意思是世间的一切都有其发生存在的原因，故答案选项为C。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一句话Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.“通常，我们都没有从那个婴儿时期形成的观念中摆脱出来，即一切事件都发生都取决于我们自身的意念”，故答案选项为D“他们自身的意念是导致一切发生的根本原因”。

14.单选题

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitive(认知的)aging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.

AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5,000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofare(过活)betterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelps,too,researcherssay,perhapsbecauseitinstille(灌输)theconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaieWillisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychological(神经心理学的)terms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorials(辅导课)oninductivereasoningorspatial(空间的)skillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslaterwhentheywerere-tested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohone(磨练)visual-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

16.Inthispassage,theauthormainlydiscusses.

17.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(Paragraph1)refersto.

18.Accordingtoresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

19.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthatmighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

20.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat.

问题1选项

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

问题2选项

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalstimulation

D.intellectualfunction

问题3选项

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardsofliving

D.Alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

问题5选项

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalaginghasstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchasinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】16.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一步，定位首尾核心句，第一段第一句话Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人员对于‘使用否则失去’的理念是否适用于认知衰老存在分歧，但有一些证据表明，保持思维活跃可以减缓与年龄相关的衰退”。第二步，行文结构，文章是总分结构，先提出保持思维活跃能够减缓智力的衰退，接下来是讲研究人员寻找到的保持智力活跃的方法，最后讲到年龄带来的不只是衰老还有智慧，所以答案选D选项“保持智力活力的有效方法”。

A选项“心理刺激在预防心理衰老中的作用”，心理刺激只是在第二段稍微提了一下，不是文章主要内容，这里属于以偏概全。

B选项“随着年龄的增长，心智能力逐渐丧失”，这是最后一段的内容，不是文章主要内容，这里属于以偏概全。

C选项“心理功能和空间技能之间的关系”，这只是文章第五段的内容，不是文章主要内容，这里属于以偏概全。

17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词汇推断题。第一步句中信息，定位到文章第一段第一句话Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereissomeevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.“研究人员对于‘使用否则失去’的理念是否适用于认知衰老持反对态度，但有一些证据表明，保持思维活跃可以减缓与年龄相关的衰退”。第二步，上下文语义衔接，根据关键词but可知两个句子之间是存在着一个转折关系，前句说随着年龄的增长某些事不用就会被丢到，这种观点研究人员持反对态度，后句是说保持思维活跃可以减缓衰退。从这里可知it指代之物是与mentally相应的，所以答案选A选项“智力”。

B选项“认知发展”，我们能够使用或者失去的不可能是某种事物的发展，所以答案不能选B，这里属于曲意理解。

C选项“精神刺激”，理由同B选项。

D选项“智力功能”，文章句子定位到第一段但是D选项是出现在第二段，这里属于出处错误。

18.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步精准定位，定位到第二段第二句Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalfarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.“他们发现，那些幸运地避免了慢性疾病的人在智力方面也可能表现得更好，这可能是因为慢性疾病会限制生活方式，使精神状况更差，也可能是因为金钱可以买到刺激智力的东西，比如旅行”，第三段第一句Educationhelps,too…“教育也有助于……”，第二步综合理解，能够经常旅游的人说明生活水平是很不错的，由此可知教育、慢性疾病、生活水平都能够影响认知衰老，所以答案选D选项“以上都是”。

A选项“教育”，B选项“慢性疾病”，C选项“生活水平”，选任何一项都会犯以偏概全的错误。

19.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。第一步，寻找句内信息，定位到文章第六段最后一句话…simplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.“仅仅是在家和那些在电视里玩游戏的人比拼智慧”，第二步，综合理解，玩游戏这里可以算是一种运动，所以答案选A选项“体育运动”。

B选项“社会联系”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

C选项“严格的日常工作”，定位到文章第四段第一二句Flexibilitycounts,too.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore,”灵活性计数。保持精神活力的人通常不会坚持“他们今天必须像以前一样做事”，由这里可知死板的日常工作非但不会阻止智力衰退反而会导致智力衰退。

D选项“健康的饮食”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

20.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到第五段第二句WhenWillisgave5-hourtutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.“当威利斯给大约200名技能在过去14年中有所下降的人提供5小时的归纳推理或空间技能辅导时，40%的人恢复了失去的能力。”，从这里可知推理归纳和空间技能属于智力技能，不属于智慧的范畴，所以C选项“智慧的重要性高于智力技能，如归纳推理和空间技能”错误，这里属于张冠李戴。

A选项“智慧可以被认为是一种特殊形式的能力和伴随着生活经验而来的知识的完全发展”选项是最后一段第二句话Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“尽管随着年龄的增长，你可能会失去一些心智技能，但你也会在一个关键领域得到提升：智慧”的同义替代。

B选项“即使智力老化的过程已经开始，智慧仍然可能增长”定位到最后一段第二句话Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.“尽管随着年龄的增长，你可能会失去一些心智技能，但你也会在一个关键领域得到提升：智慧”，所以B选项正确。

D选项“智慧是脑力的重要组成部分”，定位到最后一段第三句Thegrowthofwisdom—looselydefinedasthematurationofintellectualabilitiesthatcomeswithlifeexperiences—continues…“智慧的增长——宽泛地定义为伴随生活经历而来的智力能力的成熟——仍在继续……”从这里可知智慧是智力能力的成熟，智力和大脑有关，所以D选项正确。

15.单选题

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

问题1选项

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项exact“准确的，精密的；精确的”；C选项acute“敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；D选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的”。句意：尽管大多数鸟类只有微不足道的嗅觉，但是它们却有敏锐的视觉。根据句意可知C选项正确。

16.单选题

Shewasafraidthatunlessthetrainspeededupshewouldloseher（

）

toScotland.

问题1选项

A.ticket

B.place

C.seat

D.connection

【答案】D

【解析】loseone’sconnectionto...误了到...地方去的（汽车、火车、轮船的）联运。句意：她很担心，除非火车加快速度，否则她将错过去苏格兰的联运。选项D符合句意。

17.单选题

（）thisdulllife,thefull-timemomdecidedtofindapart-timejob.

问题1选项

A.Tiedupwith

B.Fedupwith

C.Wrappedupin

D.Piledupwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项tiedupwith“和……有密切关系”，B项fedupwith“受够了；极厌恶”，C项wrappedupin“醉心于……的；全心照料……的”，D项piledupwith“堆满”。根据关键词dulllife（沉闷的生活）可知，空格处填入“厌倦”最合适。句意：厌倦了这种枯燥的生活，全职妈妈决定找一份兼职工作。因此，该题B项正确。

18.单选题

Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewayto（

）

问题1选项

A.theother

B.anyother

C.another

D.other

【答案】A

【解析】句意:讨论中，双方未达成协议，因为双方都不愿意让步。

代词辨析。由句中neitherside推断出有两方，两方中另一方用theother。

19.单选题

Ifpromptmeasuresaretaken,wearesurethatilliteracyinthisregioncanbe（）innotime.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.abandoned

C.diminished

D.withdrawn

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果迅速采取措施，我们相信该地区的文盲现象将很快消除。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。eliminate消除;排除;abandon放弃;遗弃；diminish减少;缩小；withdraw撤退;收回。空格处的逻辑主语是illiteracy(文盲现象)，因此A正确。

20.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.

B.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.

C.IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.

D.IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.

问题2选项

A.Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.

C.Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.

D.Thecity’sairportareoutdated.

问题3选项

A.Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.

B.Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.

C.Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.

D.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.

问题4选项

A.Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.

B.Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.

C.Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.

D.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutGermany’sdreamairportinBerlin.TheairportlooksexactlylikeeveryothermajormodernairportinEurope,exceptforonebigproblem:morethansevenyearsafteritwasoriginallysupposedtoopen,itstillstandsempty.Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering,butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairportthisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays,perpetualmismanagementandever-soaringcosts,[22]theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans—andasourceoffrustrationforlocalpoliticians,businessleadersandresidentsalike.

Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989.Atthetime,itbecameclearthat[23]thenewly-reunifiedBerlinwouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthenewairportin2006.Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010,whentheconstructioncorporationpushedtheopeningfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012,thecityplannedanopeningceremonybutlessthanamonthbeforehand,inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopeningbackagainto2013.

Itwasn’tjustthesmokesystem:[24]manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled;4,000doorswerewronglynumbered;escalatorsweretooshort,andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks.

Sowhy,withsomanyproblemsdiscovered,didn’ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheprojectandstartover?Thereasonissimple:peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey’vealreadyinvestedtimeorresourcesintoit,evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso.

Thelongerthedelayscontinued,themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanningcorporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially,ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheproject,thecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselvesdespitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale.

Tocompoundthedelays,[25]theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremainsunopenedcostsbetween9and10millioneuros.

Assumingallgoeswell,theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthebiggestembarrassmenttoGermany’sreputationforefficiency—andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者如何评价柏林的梦想机场？说话者提到该机场成了德国人的笑话，因此D选项“这在德国人中成了一个笑话”与录音原文表述一致。A选项“它现在是欧洲最大最繁忙的机场”录音中并没有信息提及，并且这个机场尚未竣工，所以A选项可排除；B选项“它是德国历史上管理最差的机场”利用录音中perpetualmismanagement设干扰，录音只是提到机场长期管理不善，但无法知道是不是德国历史上最差的，因此排除B选项；C选项“它已经成为德国效率的典型象征”，录音提到德国因为效率而闻名，但现在这个机场错漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C选项明显错误。

23.WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问为何柏林需要一个新机场？录音提到，重新统一后的柏林需要一个比现