考研考博-英语-广东生态工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东生态工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutpublicspeaking.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.

17.Whatisthemostimportantthinginpublicspeaking?

18.Whatdosethespeakeradviseustodotocapturetheaudience’sattention?

19.Ifyoudon’tstartworkingforthepresentationuntilthedaybefore,youwillfeel（）.

20.Whoisthisspeechmostprobablymeantfor?

问题1选项

A.Confidence.

B.Preparation.

C.Informativeness.

D.Organization.

问题2选项

A.Gatherabundantdata.

B.Organizetheideaslogically.

C.Developagreatopening.

D.Selectappropriatematerial.

问题3选项

A.uneasy

B.uncertain

C.frustrated

D.depressed

问题4选项

A.Thoseinterestedinthepowerofpersuasion.

B.Thosetryingtoimprovetheirpublicimage.

C.Thoseplanningtotakeupsomepublicwork.

D.Thoseeagertobecomeeffectivespeakers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

2.单选题

The（）ofthemanwhobeatthegirltodeathwasnotformoneybutforkilling.

问题1选项

A.motive

B.motivation

C.push

D.drive

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motive“动机；目的（侧重于做坏事的动机）”，B选项motivation“动机；积极性（侧重于干劲，动力一类）”，C选项push“推”，D选项drive“驱动器”，句子中是说男子击打女孩致死的动机，是坏的行为，因此A选项符合题意。句意为：那个把女孩打死的男人的动机不是为了钱，而是为了杀人。

3.单选题

Shecriticizedmywritingbutinawaythatwasvery（）.Ilearnedalotfromher.

问题1选项

A.autonomous

B.constructive

C.fundamental

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。autonomous"自治的";constructive"有益的,建没性的";fundamental"基本的,必要的";elementary"基本的,初级的"。句意：她批评了我的写作，但批评的方式很有建设性。我从她身上学到了很多。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Thereportincludesataleofhowanhonorablemanpursuinghonorablegoalswasafflictedwith（）andledhisnationtowardscatastrophe.

问题1选项

A.pride

B.humility

C.gratification

D.hubris

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pride“自豪，傲慢”；B选项humility“谦逊”；C选项gratification“满意，喜悦”；D选项hubris“狂妄自大”。句意：这个报告包括了一个故事，的是一个高贵的人是如何追求崇高的目标，却由于狂妄自大而受到折磨，从而使他的国家走向灾难。选项D符合语境。

5.单选题

Oneoftheconsequencesofadvancedcognitiveabilityhasbeentheemergenceofculturallife.

问题1选项

A.commendable

B.compiling

C.perceptive

D.pertinent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cognitive“认知的；认识的”；A选项commendable“值得赞美的；很好的；可推荐的”；B选项compiling“编译；编制；编辑的”；C选项perceptive“感知的，知觉的”；D选项pertinent“相关的；中肯的；切题的”。句意：高级认知能力的结果之一是文化生活的出现。cognitive为cognition的名词形式，cognition有“认识”的意思，可推知cognitive为“认知的”的意思，因此C选项正确。

6.填空题

Theefforttoclarifythebewilderingnumberofinterrelatedobservations________bypsychoanalyticexplorationledtothedevelopmentofamodelofthestructureofthepsychicsystem.(cover)

【答案】uncovered

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】根据关键词by，可知横线所在内容为动词的过去分词，uncover的意思为“发现，揭露”，符合语境，其过去分词为uncovered。

【句意】精神分析探索发现的观察结果数目众多、令人眼花缭乱、又相互关联，努力阐明这些结果促进了精神系统结构模型的发展。

7.翻译题

1.名声、财产和权力等都是身外之物，人人都可求而得之，但没有人能够代替你感受人生。

2.警方提醒乘客，不要将钱和贵重物品放在提包里，以防被盗。

3.虽然知道获胜的可能性不大，但比赛失败后，我们多少还是有点沮丧。

4.Ineffect,theyagreedtotheviewthattheverychangeinlawbringsaboutachangeinthenatureofsocietyandhumanrelationshipswithinit.

5.Theprofessordefinitelywillnotagreewiththepointthatthetranslationamountedtolittlemorethanlookingupwordsindictionaries.

【答案】1.Fame,propertyandpowerareallworldlypossessions,andeverybodycanstriveforthem.Butnoonecouldreplaceyoutoexperiencethelife.

2.Thepolicewarnedthepassengersagainstputtingmoneyandpreciousthingsinbagsincasetheyshouldbestolen.

3.Thoughweknewthatourchancestowinwereslim,weweremoreorlessdepressedwhenwelostthegame.

4.实际上，他们同意正是法律的改变引起社会性质和社会人际关系的改变这一观点。

5.这位教授肯定不会同意翻译基本是在词典里查生词的观点。

8.单选题

Somescientistshypothesizedthatthereareintellectualbeingsonsome（

）bodies.

问题1选项

A.astronautic

B.celestial

C.astronomical

D.astrological

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项astronautic“太空航行的，宇航员的”，C项astronomical“天文的，天文学的”，D项astrological“占星的，占星学的，占星术的”，B项celestial“天上的，天空的”，celestialbody表示“天体”。由intellectualbeings“有智力的生物”可知，空格部分表示“在一些天体上”。句意：一些科学家假设某些天体上有智慧生物。因此，该题选择B项正确。

9.单选题

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCTAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail，isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceintelligence,”andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin，wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraifordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution，aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfromUkraine，”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfromback.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess-Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymight,bewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas（）.

2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto（）.

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”mostprobablymeans（）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that（）.

5.Straitfordismostproudofits（）.

问题1选项

A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan

B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices

C.restoredmanycommonpastimes

D.revivedspyingasaprofession

问题2选项

A.introducethetopicofonlinespying

B.showhowhefoughtfortheUS

C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar

D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA

问题3选项

A.causingthebiggesttrouble

B.exertingthegreatesteffort

C.achievingthegreatestsuccess

D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity

问题4选项

A.Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue

B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation

C.Straitford’ssbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation

问题5选项

A.officialstatus

B.nonconformistimage

C.efficientstaff

D.militarybackground

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：网络的出现_________。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail，isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.（如今，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动的消遣方式，也正在改变多诺万从事的职业。），根据前文语境，多诺万的职业就是间谍工作。那么就是说网络的出现改变了间谍活动，B选项“重塑了情报服务系统”，符合题意。网络改变了普通的消遣方式，所以C选项“恢复了许多普通的消遣方式”不正确，A选项“得到了多诺万等粉丝的支持”和D选项“重新把间谍作为一种职业”并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

2.推理判断题。题干：多诺万的故事在书中提到为了_______。因为该题是例证题，开头提到例子，应该去例子之后找论点句。定位到第一段最后一句话ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.（如今，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动的消遣方式，也正在改变多诺万从事的职业。），而多万诺之前的职业是间谍工作，所以多诺万的故事就是为了引出下文的网络时代的谍报产业，A选项“介绍网络间谍的话题”，符合题意。文章只在第一段提到多万诺，其余部分都在讨论互联网时代情报工作的巨大变化，所以B选项“展示他如何为美国而战”，C选项“讲一讲信息战的故事”和D选项“表彰他对中央情报局的独特贡献”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

3.推理判断题。题干：短语“makingThebiggestsplash”的意思大概是_________。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句话AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.（新世界___的公司之一是Straitford,Inc.，一家总部设在德克萨斯州奥斯汀的私人情报分析公司。）第二段最后一句介绍了CIA举办的竞赛，并提到其中最大赢家的明显优势在于其对电子领域的掌握。第三段第一句提到Straitford公司的例子，并用“makingthebiggestsplash”描述该公司目前的经营状况。随后两段从不同的方面介绍了公司。第五段最后一句提到Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.（Straitford公司以发表自己的独立意见为荣）由此可见，Straitford公司是进行公开来源的间谍活动比较成功的一个例子。“makethebiggestsplash”最引人注目，引起最大的轰动，亦即取得最大的成功。所以C选项“取得了最大的成功”符合题意。A选项“造成了最大的麻烦”，和文章表达的意思相反，B选项“尽最大的努力”和D选项“最受欢迎”，在文中并未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

4.推理判断题。题干：从第4段，我们可以学到________。从第4段，我们得知Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfromback.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.（开放来源的情报是有风险的，因为很难区分信息的好坏，而Straitford公司就是靠这个谋生的。），说明该公司可以帮助人们辨别信息。所以D选项“Straitford公司能够提供相当可靠的信息”，符合题意。A选项“事实证明，Straitford公司关于乌克兰的预测是正确的”，文章并没有提及该公司关于乌克兰的推测是否正确，A选项排除。B选项“Straitford公司保证其信息的真实性”，该公司可以帮助人们辨别信息的好坏，但是真实性并未提及，B选项排除。C选项“Straitford公司的业务具有不可预测性”，文章是说开放来源的情报有风险，不可预测，并不是说该公司的业务不可预测，所以C选项也不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

5.事实细节题。Straitford公司最引以为豪的是________。根据题干定位到文章最后一句话Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymight,bewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.（Straitford公司的情报不像通常的华盛顿来回推诿，即公司避免引人注目的声明，因为它们可能是错误的。弗里德曼说，Straitford公司以其独立的声音为荣。），显然他们为观点与华盛顿的不一致而骄傲。所以本题选B选项“不墨守成规的形象”符合题意。

10.单选题

Theenergygainedfromthesuncanthenbeusedduringthenighttoenablethenecessarychemicalreactionto（

）initsbody.

问题1选项

A.precede

B.proceed

C.progress

D.practice

【答案】B

【解析】句意:从太阳获取的能量能在夜间被用来使必要的化学反应在体内进行。

考查动词辨析。Precede领先，在……之前;proceed开始，继续进行,发生;progress前进,进步;practice练习,实习,实行。故B符合句意。

11.单选题

TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity

Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurersandgovernments.

Thebehaviorsunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviorarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviorandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace. 

Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavorcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviorifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviorofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.

Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool'sexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,thetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm，fair,transparent,andconsistent.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?

5.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

问题1选项

A.Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.

B.Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.

C.Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.

D.Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.

问题2选项

A.themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust

B.thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine

C.themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment

D.cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools

问题3选项

A.Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.

B.Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating.

C.Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingbehavior.

D.CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.

问题4选项

A.Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity.

B.Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.

C.Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.

D.Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehavioroftheirstudents.

问题5选项

A.Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.

B.Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.

C.Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrity.

D.Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。文章第一段提到“Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.虽然我们没有足够的可靠数据来说明这一现象的严重程度，也不了解如何预防和进行有效管理，但可以根据常识和看似有效的观念得出很多结论并采取行动”可知，D项“有关这种现象的程度、预防和管控的可靠数据是缺乏的”正确；也由此知A、B、C三项不正确。

2.事实细实题。第二段中提到“Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.人们普遍认为，在基于信任和有关生命安全的职业中的作弊应该零容忍”可知A“医疗职业基于信任”正确；B“医疗作弊是零容忍的”是结果不是原因；C“医疗行业依靠政府”和D“作弊在医学院中广泛存在”原文均未提及，故选A。

3.事实细节题。文章第三段提到“Thebehaviorsunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.导致这些作弊行为的原因很多。这些原因包括在就读医学院之前受到的家庭、宗教及文化影响。”可知A“家庭，文化和社会发挥重要作用”正确，故选A。

4.事实细节题。A项“医学院应该建立一个可靠的道德标准来淘汰低水平的申请者”，文章第四段提到“ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.如果医学院有可靠的方法提前识别学生的品质的话”，此句为条件状语从句，由此可知目前还没有找到这种识别方法，故A不正确；B项“医学院应该努力纠正所有的社会问题”，文章第四段中提到“Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.医学院的问题反映了整个社会问题，我们不能指望社会的所有弊病都能被纠正”可知B不正确；C项“医学院应该培养未来医生诚信和道德价值观”，第四段中提到“Medicalschoolshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.医学院应该成为未来医生灌输诚信和道德观念的中心”可知C正确；D项“医学院无法改善学生的道德行为”，文章最后一段列举了一些解决学生道德行为问题的方法，如“在医学院中创建一个普遍的诚信文化制度；让医学院的学术领袖树立个人诚信榜样可知D不正确，故选C。

5.判断推理题。A项“医学院应该让学生考试更容易，以缓解激烈的竞争。”和D项“考试作弊的学生应该立即被开除出学校”在文中均未提及；B项“医疗机构中的杰出人物应该制定一套道德标准应用于医学院。”原文最后一段提到“itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.医学院的学术领袖树立个人的诚信榜样是很关键的”，可知B项中“createasetofmoralstandards创建道徳标准”不正确；C项“医学生应在创建和维护诚信文化方面发挥积极作用”，最后一段提到“Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.学校诚信文化的发展需要与学生建立伙伴关系，使他们在学校的创建和培养中发挥积极作用。”可知C项正确。

12.单选题

Theship’sgeneratorbrokedown，andthepumpshadtobeoperated（）in-

steadofmechanically.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.artificially

C.automatically

D.synthetically

【答案】A

【解析】句意：船的发电机出了故障，所以得（）操作泵以代替机械操作。A选项manually手工地；B选项artificially人为地；C选项automatically自动地；D选项synthetically综合地，A选项符合句意。

13.单选题

Amanufacturerofsportsshoesstartssellingconsumerelectronics.Asoftdrinklendsitsnametoarangeofurbanclothing.What’sgoingon?Insimplertimes,youknewwhereyouwerewithbrands.Onebrandnamemeantgood-qualitysportsshoes,anotherasoftdrink.Noconfusion.Today,however,bigcompaniestrytoredefinebrandsasnotsomuchaproduct,moreawayoflife,andstretchthemintonewareas.Intheearlyyearsoftheconsumersociety,abrandnameonaboxsimplyidentifiedwhatwasinside.Peoplewerelookingforproductsthatwouldimprovetheirqualityoflife,andchoosebrandsmostlikelytoachievethatpurpose.Butaspeopleinindustrializednationsbecamemoreaffluentandfulfilledtheirbasicneeds,brandsacquiredotherattributes.Thefunctionalityoftheproductwasstillimportant,butpeoplealsostartedusingbrandstosaysomethingaboutthemselves,forexample,choosingabrandofcosmeticswhichwouldsuggestthattheyweresophisticatedjet-setters.

Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.Instead,companiesaretryingtomaketheirbrandsstandoutbyemphasizingtheiremotionalaspects,hopingconsumerswillidentifywiththesetofvaluesthebrandrepresents.

Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.Sofar,theirmarketingeffortsseemtobehavinglittleeffect.Theadvantageforemotionalbrandsisthatcompaniescantransfertheirbrandstrengthintootherareas,increasingrevenuesandreducingtheirexposuretothelifespanofasingleproduct.

Theelasticityofbrandsseemstoberelatedtotheirpositiononaspectrumrangingfromthoserootedinsolid,tangibleassetstothosewithhighlyintangibleemotionalqualities.Attheoneend,youhavetraincompaniesthattendtoassociatethemselveswithinfrastructureandtheirabilitytogetyoufromAtoB,andattheotherendwouldbealeisurebrandthatpositionsitselfondreamsandmakingpeoplehavefun.Itisthelatterwhichhasthemaximumpotentialforstretch.

Butevenemotionalbrandshavealimittotheirelasticity.Themerchandisehastobeconsistentwiththebrandpromise.Justtosellmerchandisewithyourlogoonitisashort-term,mistakenidea.Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.

Whenthemovewasmadefromsoftdrinksintoclothing,however,itleftthebrandingconsultantscold.Itwasadifficultmentalleapintoclothingfromthedrinksocloselyassociatedwiththatparticularbrandname.Ontheotherhand,theemotionalattributesthatyoungstersseemtofindappealinginthedrink,likeitsheritageandglobalappeal,arefashionableatthemoment,andinfactresponsetotheclotheswiththesamenamehasbeenoverwhelming.Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.

1.Accordingtothewriter,anattributeofthethirdageofbrandingisthat（

）.

2.Thewritermentionsmanufacturersofbreakfastcerealstoillustratehow

（

）.

3.Thewriterarguethatthestretchfromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsislikelytobesuccessfulbecause

（

）.

4.Thewriterarguesthatthestretchformsoftdrinksintoclothing（

）.

问题1选项

A.competingproductsmayservetheirpurposeequallywell

B.therangeofproductsavailableistoolargeforalltosurvive

C.consumersarebecomingconfusedabouttheproductsavailable

D.pricehasbecomeakeyfactorinconsumers'choiceofproducts

问题2选项

A.competitioncanhaveanimpactonaproduct

B.abrandcanloseitspopularitydespiteastrongmarketfortheproduct

C.advertisingcanaffectsalesofaproduct

D.changesinthepopularityofproductscancausedifficulties

问题3选项

A.existingcustomershavedemandedthenewproducts

B.theywillbesoldinthesameoutlets

C.thenewlineswillexpandthemanufacturer’smarket

D.thereisaconnectioninthewaythatthegoodscanbeused

问题4选项

A.wasagamblewhichsucceeded

B.builtonthepopularityofcertaintypeofclothing

C.showedthevalueofcarefulplanning

D.createdproductionproblemsforthemanufacturer

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.（现在，我们已经进入了品牌化的第三阶段，在这一阶段，许多公司以大致相同的价格生产大致相同的产品，而功能很少作为一个差异点成功）可知A选项“竞争产品可能提供相同的功能”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.（以产品为基础的品牌的一个缺点是，如果产品过时了，品牌也会随之改变。这是早餐谷类食品制造商的一个严重担忧，他们正努力应对以其名字命名的产品需求疲软）可知D选项“产品受欢迎程度的变化可能会造成困难”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.（从这个角度来看，决定从运动鞋转向消费电子产品是有道理的。该系列中的大多数产品，如徒步旅行者使用的对讲机，虽然可能会被当成是时尚配饰，但同样也是运动类产品，并且运动鞋的消费者可能会抢购这类产品）可知D选项“在产品使用方面存在联系”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.（也许这正好表明了一个富有灵感的行为——或者按大家说的是一个仓促的决定——有时可能也会一把赌赢，最后使得制造商轻而易举地赚大钱）可知A选项“是一场成功的赌博”符合题意。

14.单选题

Heseemedreluctanttosendhistroopsinanefforttodiscouragethe（）peasants.

问题1选项

A.animated

B.rebellious

C.creased

D.impassive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。animated“活生生的；活泼的”；rebellious“反抗的；造反的”；creased“有折痕的”；impassive“冷漠的；无感觉的”，根据troops“军队”一词可知此处的peasant“农民”是需要被镇压的，分析四个选项可知此处填rebellious这个形容词符合句意。句意：他好像不愿意派他的军队去镇压……农民。由此得知B选项正确。

15.单选题

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作证；charge负责；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能为这个案件作证的人，因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Themassmediaisabigpartofourculture,yetitcanalsobeahelper,adviserandteachertoouryounggeneration.Themassmediaaffectsthelivesofouryoungbyactingasa/an（21）foranumberofinstitutionsandsocialcontacts.Inthisway,itfulfilsavarietyoffunctionsinhumanlife.

Thetimespentinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe（22）ofleisure:thereislesstimeforgames,amusementandrest.（23）bywhatishappeningonthescreen,childrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectlyidentifythemselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshavebeenconcernedabouttheprevalenceofviolenceinthemediaandits（24）harmtochildrenandadolescentsforatleastfortyyears.Duringthisperiod,newmedia（25）,suchasvideogames,cabletelevision,musicvideos,andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity,thesemedia,alongwithtelevision,（26）publicconcernandresearchattention.

Anotherlargesocietalconcernonouryounggeneration（27）bythemedia,isbodyimage.（28）forcescaninfluencebodyimagepositivelyornegatively.Forone,societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketingimpactourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia,theimagesof（29）beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers,beamfromourtelevisionsandentertainusatthemovies.Eveninadvertising,themassmediaplayonacceptedculturalvaluesofthinnessandfitnessforcommercialgain.Youngadultsarepresentedwitha（30）definedstandardofattractiveness,anidealthatcarriesunrealisticphysicalexpectations.

问题1选项

A.alternative

B.preference

C.substitute

D.representative

问题2选项

A.risk

B.mercy

C.height

D.expense

问题3选项

A.Absorbed

B.Attracted

C.Aroused

D.Addicted

问题4选项

A.disposed

B.seeming

C.implicit

D.potential

问题5选项

A.merged

B.emerged

C.immerged

D.submerged

问题6选项

A.promote

B.propel

C.prompt

D.prosper

问题7选项

A.inspired

B.imposed

C.delivered

D.contributed

问题8选项

A.External

B.Exterior

C.Explicit

D.Exposed

问题9选项

A.generalized

B.regularize

C.standardized

D.categorized

问题10选项

A.barely

B.carefully

C.narrowly

D.subjectively

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:C

【解析】21.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alternative“二中择一，可供替代的选择”；B选项preference与介词for搭配时意为“对……的偏爱，爱好”；C选项substitute“替代品，代替品”，常与介词for连用；D选项representative“代表，典型”，一般指人。句意：大众传媒作为一些机构和社会关系的（），影响着我们年轻人的生活。根据句意可知空格处应填最能体现大众传媒和一些机构之间的关系的名词，因此C选项正确。

22.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项“attheriskof（冒……的危险）”；B选项“atthemercyof（受……支配）”；C选项“attheheight（在……的最盛时，在……的高潮中）”；D选项“attheexpenseof（以……为代价）”。句意：花在电视屏幕前的时间通常是以休闲为（）的：用于游戏、娱乐和休息的时间更少了。根据句意可知后半句是前半句的补充说明，所以D选项更符合句意，意为“花在电视屏幕前的时间通常是以休闲为代价的……”，因此D选项正确。

23.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项absorb常与介词in搭配，表示“注意力集中于，被……吸引”；B选项attract常和介词by搭配，意为“被……吸引，对……感兴趣”；C选项arouse“使行动起来，激发”；D选项addict常与介词to搭配动词，意为“使入迷，使成瘾”。句意：孩子们被屏幕上发生的事情（），不仅模仿他们所看到的，而且直接把自己和不同的人物联系起来。空格处是过去分词结构作状语，因此填入的分词要和后面的介词by搭配，而且要符合上下文意。因此B选项正确。

24.【试题答案