考研考博-英语-广西科技大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西科技大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Marywastakeninonmorethanoneoccasion,forshewould（

）anystory.

问题1选项

A.swallow

B.speculate

C.grope

D.distort

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。swallow“忍受，吞没”；speculate“推测，投机，思索”；grope“摸索，探索”；distort“扭曲，使失真”。句意：玛丽不止一次被骗，因为她容易轻信任何故事。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreaturesofsociety.Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition.

Thedistinguishingmarkofanthropologyamongthesocialsciencesisthatitincludesforseriousstudyothersocietiesthanourown.Foritspurposesanysocialregulationofmatingandreproductionisassignificantasourown,thoughitmaybethatoftheSeaDyaks,andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization.Totheanthropologists,ourcustomsandthoseofNewGuineatribearetwopossiblesocialschemesfordealingwithcommonproblems,andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother.Heisinterestedinhumanbehavior,notasitisshapedbyonetradition,ourown,butasithasbeenshapedbyanytraditionwhatsoever.Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals.

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround.Traditionalcustomisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbelief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

1.Accordingtothepassage,wecansaythatanthropology（）.

2.Forseriousstudy,ananthropologist（）.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoristrying（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.candealwithhumanbeingsasonegroupofthecreaturesinthelivingworld

B.canrevealanenormousdiversityoftraditions

C.canprovideinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandnature

D.candistinguishthehumanracefromothercreatures

问题2选项

A.mustnotstudyhisownculture

B.isnotsupposedtohaveaprejudiceagainstanysociety

C.shouldfocusonthosesocietieswhicharehistoricallyrelatedtoeachother

D.isobligedtoworkonlyonthosesocietiesthathavenohistoricalrelationshiptoeachother

问题3选项

A.tobecriticalofcustom

B.tosaythatanthropologyismoreimportantthanpsychology

C.tostrengthentherolecustomplaysinexperienceandbelief

D.todrawourintentiontotheimportanceofcustom

问题4选项

A.Thegoaloftheanthropologististounderstandthewayinwhichpeopleexpressthemselves.

B.Theanthropologisttriestounderstandwhyculturesarecarriedonwithoutanychange.

C.Theanthropologist'sprofessionalinterestisaswideasthevarietyofcustoms.

D.Theanthropologististoexploresocialrelationsofdifferentpeople.

问题5选项

A.HumanBehavior.

B.CreatureofSociety.

C.TheScienceofCustom.

D.TheFunctionsofCultures.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出:Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition(它把注意力集中在那些自然特征和工业技术、传统和价值观上，它们使一个社区区别于从属于不同传统的其他社会),即人类学能体现从属于不同传统的社会之间的不同,因此B项“揭示传统的巨大多样性”正确。

2.判断推理题。A项中“mustnot”和D项中“only”表述过于绝对,故排除。B:不应该对任何社会存在偏见,第二段指出:...andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother(只要他还作为一位人类学家，他就一定会避免厚此薄彼，对任何文化存在偏见),因此B与原文所述相符。C:应关注历史上相互关联的社会,第二段指出:Foritspurposes,anysocialregulation...andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization(就其目的而言，任何社会规则……都与我们文化中的社会规则不可能有历史联系),因此C与原文不符。故选B。

3.作者意图题。题干为:在第三段,作者打算…?第三段开始指出:Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment(当前，习俗并没有被看作是一门重要的学科),随后强调了Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround(事实正好相反)。而后谈及了习俗的作用和多样性。因此作者第三段谈及的是习俗的重要性和地位。故选D。

4.判断推理题。第二段指出:Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals(他感兴趣的是在各种文化中所发现的浩瀚的习俗范围，他的目标就是弄懂这些文化变化和相互区别的方式，搞清楚它们表达自己的不同方式，弄明白任何一个民族的习俗在某一特定文化中的个人生活中的作用方式),故选C“人类学家的专业范畴与习俗的丰富性一样广泛”。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了人类学的研究范围、对象和目标。通篇都在介绍人类学所研究的重点是人类的习俗，以及后文重点介绍了习俗的重要性和地位。故C项“习俗的科学”比较适合做文章标题。

3.翻译题

Accordingtoagrowingbodyofexperience,thechemicalsthatmakeupmanyplasticsmaymigrateoutofthematerialandintofoodsandfluids,endingupinyourbody.

【答案】根据越来越多的亲身体验，许多制成塑料制品的化学用品可能会移动到食物和流体上，最终进入你的体内。

4.单选题

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvesttime，whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsunbakedclay，butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes，drawbridges,etc.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however，befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone’sownhouseandfireatone’sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag，andathithertounheardofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.RiflethievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing，advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair)，butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy”towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravellersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.

1.Theworddebtsin“veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid”inthefirstparagraphmeans_______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed_________.

4.BuildingroadsbytheBritish__________.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe________.

问题1选项

A.loans

B.accounts

C.killings

D.bargains

问题2选项

A.Meltingsnows.

B.Largepopulation.

C.Steephillsides.

D.Fertilevalleys.

问题3选项

A.theintroductionoftherifle

B.thespreadofBritishrule

C.theextensionofluxuries

D.thespreadoftrade

问题4选项

A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels

B.preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeuds

C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans

D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife

问题5选项

A.CampaigningontheIndianFrontier

B.WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule

C.ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans

D.ThePathansatWar

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段，“Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.”，可知每座村庄都设有自己的防卫。每个家族都有自己的仇恨，每个部落都有宿仇。无数部落和部落联合体都有自己的理由与其他部落清算。人们不会忘记任何事情，并且有仇必报。所以这里的债务是指宿仇和仇杀。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，“…arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation…”，可知土地丰饶，只要些许劳作就足以供养稀少人口的物质需求。所以人口并不多。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“…convenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.”，可知步枪的便捷受到了前所未有的欢迎。这个在1500码远的地方可精确杀死对手的武器给每一个能拥有它的家庭或家族带来了新的希望。所以帕坦人是欢迎步枪这种武器的引入的。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.”，他们通过威胁恐吓、堡垒、补助等方式来确保这些道路的安全。所以没有减少补贴，可排除选项C。根据文章第三段，“Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,”可知英国政府要求沿路周围的人们保持安静，不许相互射杀，所以帕坦部落并没有过着安静的生活，可排除选项D。根据文章第三段最后一句，“Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.”，可知一切斗争都源于这些道路的修建，一系列的争吵并没有结束，排除选项A。选项B符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要介绍了印度边境的环境和活动，第二段提到了步枪引入到帕坦部落，并且受到了欢迎，第三段提到了帕坦部落人对英国政府的不满，并且讲到了帕坦部落对英国政府的修路意图尤其憎恨，这也是一切斗争的根源。由此可见，本文主要介绍了帕坦部落的生活环境，对步枪的喜爱以及对英国政府的憎恶等各方面的内容。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Thecaseforcollegehasbeenacceptedwithoutquestionformorethanageneration.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogo,saysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidence,becausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoney,become“better”people,andlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon’tgo.

Butcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryone.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending,thosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerous,andmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother’sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationintheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool.Othersfindnostimulationintheirstudies,anddropout—oftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.

Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves—theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthatisacondemnationofthestudentsasawhole,anddoesnotexplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworld,andtheyarepartlyright.We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycannotabsorbanarmyofuntrained18-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrained22-year-olds,either.

Someadventuresomeeducatorsandcampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebest,theproper,theonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedown,itseems,andthroughtherosyglowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesnotmakepeopleintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,orquicktolearnthings—maybeit’sjusttheotherwayaround,andintelligent,ambitious,happy,liberal,quick-learningpeopleareonlytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplace.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresy（异端邪说）tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatiflittleschoolingisgood,morehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtomountup.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievesthat（

）

2.IntheLine2,the2ndparagraph,“thosewhodon’tfitthepattern”refersto（

）

3.Thedrop-outrateofcollegestudentsseemstogoupbecause（

）

4.Accordingtothepassagetheproblemsofcollegeeducationpartlyarisefromthefactthat（

）

5.Inthispassagetheauthorarguesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.peopleusedtoquestionthevalueofcollegeeducation

B.peopleusedtohavefullconfidenceinhighereducation

C.allhighschoolgraduateswenttocollege

D.veryfewhighschoolgraduateschosetogotocollege

问题2选项

A.high-schoolgraduateswhoaren’tsuitableforcollegeeducation

B.collegegraduateswhoaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis

C.collegestudentswhoaren’tanybetterfortheirhighereducation

D.Highschoolgraduateswhofailedtobeadmittedtocollege

问题3选项

A.youngpeoplearedisappointedwiththeconventionalwayofteachingatcollege

B.manyyoungpeoplearerequiredtojointhearmy

C.youngpeoplehavelittlemotivationinpursuingahighereducation

D.youngpeopledon’tliketheintensecompetitionforadmissiontograduateschool

问题4选项

A.societycannotprovideenoughjobsforproperlytrainedcollegegraduates

B.highschoolgraduatesdonotfitthepatternofcollegeeducation

C.toomanystudentshavetoearntheirownliving

D.collegeadministratorsencouragestudentstodropout

问题5选项

A.moreandmoreevidenceshowscollegeeducationmaynotbethebestthingforhighschoolgraduates

B.collegeeducationisnotenoughifonewantstobesuccessful

C.collegeeducationbenefitsonlytheintelligent,ambitious,andquick-learningpeople

D.intelligentpeoplemaylearnquickeriftheydon’tgotocollege

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到不止一代人认为接受大学教育是无可争议的，所有高中毕业生都应该去上大学，因为大学会让他们赚更多的钱，成为更好的人。选项B说过去的人们对高等教育充满信心，符合题意。

2.第二段第二句话的前半句Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattending“既然有差不多一半的高中生都去上大学”，pattern在这里显然就是指第一段提到的“上大学能让自己变好，赚更多钱”这个模式，don’fitthepattern就是与之相反的，就是上大学并没有使他们变好，所以选项C符合题意。

3.文章第二段othersfindnosimulationintheirstudies,anddropout是学生辍学的原因，因为他们找不到学习的动力，选项C符合题意。

4.文章第三段主要讲高等教育失败的原因，既有个人的原因，也有社会的原因。We’vebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycannotabsorbanarmyofuntrained18-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrained22-year-olds,either.这句话主要表达的意思是社会无法给毕业生提供就业岗位，所以选项A符合题意。

5.文章最后一段提到一些敢于挑战传统的教育家和校园观察员公开建议说大学也许不是那些完成高中课程的年轻人最合适的唯一的去处，尽管这种想法被认为是异端邪说，但是已经有越来越多的证据来证明其正确性。所以选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Manygreatinventionsareinitiallygreetedwithridiculeanddisbelief.Theinventionoftheairplanewasnoexception.AlthoughmanypeoplewhoheardaboutthefirstpoweredflightonDecember17,1903wereexcitedandimpressed,othersreactedwithpealsoflaughter.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.Negativereactions,however,didnotstoptheWrights.Impelledbytheirdesiretosucceed,theycontinuedtheirexperimentsinaviation.

OrvilleandWilburWrighthadalwayshadacompellinginterestinaeronauticsandmechanics.Asyoungboystheyearnedmoneybymakingandsellingkitesandmechanicaltoys.Later,theydesignedanewspaper-foldingmachine,builtaprintingpress,andoperatedabicycle-repairshop.In1896,whentheyreadaboutthedeathofOttoLilienthal,thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.

Lilienthal,apioneerinhang-gliding,hadcontrolledhisglidersbyshiftinghisbodyinthedesireddirection.ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers,however,andtheysearchedformoreefficientmethodstocontrolthebalanceofairbornevehicles.In1990and1901,theWrightstestednumerousglidersanddevelopedcontroltechniques.Thebrothers’inabilitytoobtainenoughliftpowerfortheglidersalmostledthemtoabandontheirefforts.

Afterfurtherstudy,theWrightbrothersconcludedthatthepublishedtablesofairpressureoncurvedsurfacesmustbewrong.Theysetupawindtunnelandbeganaseriesofexperimentswithmodelwings.Becauseoftheirefforts,theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.Thiswork,inturn,madeitpossibleforthebrotherstodesignamachinethatwouldfly.In1903theWrightsbuilttheirfirstairplane,whichcostlessthan$1,000.

Theyevendesignedandbuilttheirownsourceofpropulsion―alightweightgasolineengine.WhentheystartedtheengineonDecember17,theairplanepulsatedwildlybeforetakingoff.Theplanemanagedtostayaloftfor12seconds,however,anditflew120feet.

By1905,theWrightshadperfectedthefirstairplanethatcouldturn,circle,andremainairborneforhalfanhouratatime.Othershadflowninballoonsandhanggliders,buttheWrightbrotherswerethefirsttobuildafull-sizemachinethatcouldflyunderitsownpower.Asthecontributorsofoneofthemostoutstandingengineeringachievementsinhistory,theWrightbrothersareaccuratelycalledthefathersofaviation.

1.Theideaofflyinganaircraftwas（

）tosomepeople.

2.SomepeoplethoughtthattheWrightbrothershad（

）.

3.TheWrights’interestinflightgrewintoa（

）.

4.Lilienthal’sideaaboutcontrollingairbornevehicleswas

（

）

theWrights.

5.Theoldtableswere（

）andreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.

问题1选项

A.boring

B.distasteful

C.exciting

D.needless

E.answernotavailable

问题2选项

A.actedwithoutthinking

B.beennegativelyinfluenced

C.beentoocautious

D.beenmistaken

E.actedinanegativeway

问题3选项

A.financialempire

B.plan

C.needtoact

D.foolishthought

E.answernotavailable

问题4选项

A.provenwrongby

B.oppositetotheideasof

C.dislikedby

D.acceptedby

E.improvedby

问题5选项

A.destroyed

B.invalidated

C.multiplied

D.approved

E.notused

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“Theideaofflyinganaircraftwasrepulsivetosomepeople.”可知驾驶飞机的想法令一些人反感。因此B选项“使人不愉快的，令人反感的”符合题意。A选项“无聊的”；C选项“令人兴奋的”；D选项“不必要的”：E选项“没有答案”。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段中“SuchpeoplecalledWilburandOrvilleWright,theinventorsofthefirstflyingmachine,impulsivefools.”这类人称最早的飞机发明人莱特兄弟是冲动的傻瓜，可知一些人认为莱特兄弟做事冲动，不经思考，因此A选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“thebrothers’interestinflightgrewintoacompulsion.”莱特兄弟对飞行的兴趣发展成一种强迫行为，因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“ThisideawasrepellenttotheWrightbrothers”这种想法对莱特兄弟而言是令人反感的，可知这种想法不被莱特兄弟喜欢，因此C选项符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章第四段中“theoldtableswererepealedintimeandreplacedbythefirstreliablefiguresforairpressureoncurvedsurfaces.”旧表被及时废除，取而代之的是第一个可靠的曲面气压数据，因此B选项“使无效，失效”符合题意。

7.单选题

MostAmericansthinkofvegetariansasaminority,asfoodfaddists.Infact,inthiscountrypeoplewhoincludemeatintheirdietsarethemajority;butthroughouttheworld,meateatersare,andhavebeen,theminoritythemselves.Thougharchaeologistscandemonstratethathumanshavekeptanimalsforfoodforthousandsofyears,meatwasgenerallyfortherich:thepoorinmostcountriesarevegetarians.Andthefollowersofmanyreligionsarealsovegetarians.TheHindus,theBuddhists,theSufis,andothergroupsdonoteatmeat.

Infact,religionisamajorreasonstillforchoosingavegetariandiet;manyreligionsteachthateatingmeatweakensone’sspirit.AdamandEveweretoldtoeatfruitsandvegetables,accordingtoGenesis.WhenDanielwasfacingthelions,hefollowedavegetariandiet,sohecouldremainpure.

Othervegetariansbelievetheyarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Thoughthishasneverbeenscientificallyproved,popularworksonvegetariandietsoftenpromisebetterhealth.Thereisevidencetoshowthatvegetarianshavegreaterstamina,andmanypeopleonvegetariandietslivelonglives.

Somepeopledonoteatmeatforeconomicreasons;meatisexpensiveand,inmanypartsoftheworld,veryscarce.Themostcommonreasonforchoosingavegetariandiet,though,istheethicalone.Whydohumansfeelthattheymustkillotherbeingsinordertoeatwell?Mostvegetariansadmitthattheyfindeatingthefleshofdeadanimalsrevolting.Infact,theyreferto“flesh-eaters”aswemightrefertocannibalsandalsousethezoolabel“carnivore”interchangeably.

Becausechoiceofdietisaculturalandethicalmatter,notallvegetariandietsarealike.Ovo-vegetarianseatvegetables,butwillallowthemselveseggs.Thelactovegetarianeatsvegetablesmainly,butaddsdairyfoodssuchasmilkandcheese.Thesetwocategoriesofvegetariansfeelthateggsanddairyproductsarepermissible;takingtheseproductsdoesnoharmtothecoworchicken.StrictvegetarianwaysarerepresentedbytheVeganSociety,whosememberspreferthelabel“vegan.”Veganslive“ontheproductsoftheplantkingdom.”Notonlydovegansavoidmeat;theyalsoavoideggs,honey,andmilkinanyform.Theyreasonthatitisascrueltorobanimalsasitistokillanimals.

Avegetarianmustbecarefultomaintainabalanceddiet;andofcourseacarnivore—oromnivore,really,becausemostpeopleinAmericaeatbothmeatandvegetables—mustbeequallycareful.Excellentnutritionisimportant,whetherforvegetariansortherestofus(manypeoplewhoeatmeatassumetheirdietisnutritionalforthatreasonalone).Noonehaseverbeenabletoprovedefinitelythatonedietismorebeneficialthantheother.

Themostcompellingargumentinfavorofvegetarianism,however,isvegetarianism’sefficiency.TheperiodicalScientificAmericanestimatedin1976thatthereareenoughplantstosupportseveraltimesthecurrentworldpopulation;butifthoseplantsarefirstfedtoananimaltofattenitforslaughter,thereisan80percentlossinefficiencybythetimeahumaneatsapoundofmeat.Everyhumanconsumes260poundsoffoodannuallytoavoidstarvation,andthereareadequatefoodcropsavailabletoprovidethat260poundsforeveryoneofus.Thequestionis:Doweeattheplants,ordoweeattheanimaltowhichwefeedthem?Anddoweletsomeoneelsegohungry?

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto______.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

3.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat______.

5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“faddists”means______.

问题1选项

A.discussvegetarianismasafad

B.discusstheethicalreasonsforbecomingavegetarian

C.discussthedisadvantagesofeatingmeat

D.discusstheprevalenceandadvantagesofvegetarianism

问题2选项

A.Worldwidemeat-eatersareintheminority.

B.Thereissomeevidencethatvegetarianshavegreaterstaminathancarnivores.

C.Allvegetariandietsareessentiallyalike.

D.Ovo-vegetarianseatvegetablesandeggs.

问题3选项

A.vegetarianismcouldhelpeasetheworldfoodshortage

B.lactovegetarianseatonlyvegetables

C.vegetariansarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeat

D.mostpeopledon’teatmeatforeconomicreasons

问题4选项

A.onlypoorpeoplebecomevegetarians

B.mostreligionsadvocatevegetarianism

C.whetherornotvegetarianismisbetterforthebodyisstilldebatable

D.vegetablesaren’tasnutritiousasmeat

问题5选项

A.opponents

B.peopleattractedtowhatiscurrentlyfashionable

C.fanatics

D.“healthnuts”

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thepurposeofthispassageisto______.1.这篇文章的目的是______。

A.discussvegetarianismasafadA.讨论素食主义是一种时尚

B.discusstheethicalreasonsforbecomingavegetarianB.讨论成为素食者的道德原因

C.discussthedisadvantagesofeatingmeatC.讨论吃肉的缺点

D.discusstheprevalenceandadvantagesofvegetarianismD.讨论素食主义的流行和优势

【答案】D

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】首先，根据首段第二句“事实上，在这个国家，饮食中含有肉类的人占大多数；但在全世界，吃肉的人一直都是少数”，以及末段第一句“然而，支持素食主义最令人信服的理由是素食主义的效率”可知，这篇文章的主题是素食主义；然后看到文章的内容，原文主要介绍的是素食主义流行起来的原因：宗教信仰仍然是选择素食的一个主要原因，有的人认为素食更健康，素食者也有更强的耐力，有些人出于经济原因不吃肉，但更常见的原因是道德方面的原因；由此可见，这篇文章的目的是讨论选择素食流行起来的原因和它的优势。故本题正确答案为D选项“讨论素食主义的流行和优势”。

【干扰项排除】A项“讨论素食主义是一种时尚”、B项“讨论成为素食者的道德原因”和C项“讨论吃肉的缺点”只是提及一部分，属于以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?2.根据短文，下列哪个陈述是不正确的？

A.Worldwidemeat-eatersareintheminority.A.在世界范围内，肉食者是少数。

B.Thereissomeevidencethatvegetarianshavegreaterstaminathancarnivores.B.有证据表明素食者的耐力比食肉动物强。

C.Allvegetariandietsareess