考研考博-英语-广州科技贸易职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州科技贸易职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。选项A与之意思相近，正确。

2.单选题

Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;I（）everythingaheadcarefully.

问题1选项

A.shouldplan

B.planned

C.mustplan

D.shouldhaveplanned

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由前一句Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished“我很遗憾没完成工作”可以知道实际上在过去对工作没有提前计划，因此后半句I…everythingaheadcarefully应该用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反的情况，应该使用现在完成时shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做而没有做，故可排除A，B，C选项。句意：我很遗憾工作没完成，我本应该提前仔细规划好一切。因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeludedlife,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights’Entertainments.Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwire,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythingshaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence—thatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusory,foundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstreelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that"therewasaking'sson,whobeingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,andgrowinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichhelived.Oneofhisfather'sministershavingdiscoveredhim,revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahme.”Wethinkthatthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop,oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopieceinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareunabletoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybyfileperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions:whetherwetravelfastorshow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsisoneof（

）.

Theauthorbelievesthatachild

（

）.

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto

（

）.

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof（

）.

问题1选项

A.admiration

B.indifference

C.suspicion

D.repulsion

问题2选项

A.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach.

B.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo.

C.evenknowshistrueorigin.

D.isincapabletoappreciatingthearts.

问题3选项

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment

B.appraisethepresentforitstreevalue

C.thewisdomofthepastages

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities

问题4选项

A.historyandeconomics

B.societyandpopulation

C.biologyandphysics

D.theologyandphilosophy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】观点态度题。根据文章第三句“Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.”“如果我们只尊重必然的东西，尊重有权威为必然的东西，那么音乐和诗歌会重新在街上唱诵。”可知作者对于音乐和诗歌的态度是赞赏的，所以A选项“赞赏，钦佩”符合题意。

细节事实题。根据文章第六句“Children,whoplaylife,discernitstreelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinkthattheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.”“嬉戏生活的儿童，更能清楚地辨明生活中真实的规律和联系，而成人们毫无意义地生活，却凭借经验（即失败）以为自己更聪明。”可知B选项‘孩子通常比成人能更好地面对一些重要的问题’正确。C选项“几乎对其真实出身一无所知”是对故事中的王子的描述；A选项“孩子应当实践印度布道宣传的东西”和D选项“难以欣赏艺术”在文中没有提及。

推理判断题。A选项“指望未来给予启迪”；B选项“珍视目前的真正价值”；C选项“尊重过去的智慧”；D选项“将更多的时间花在娱乐消遣中”。根据文章倒数第四句Andweareunabletoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybyfileperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus；“我们只有长期不断地灌输和浸润在周围现实之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的东西”，和文章倒数第二、三句“Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorshow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen”“不论我们的步伐快还是慢，路线己为我铺定。那就让我们的生命在体会感受中度过。”确定B选项符合题意。

主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，整篇文章旨在说明一种人生的哲学道理，并引进了一些宗教观点，所以D选项“宗教体系和哲理”正确。

4.单选题

TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday.Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry.Thisabsenceofrestraintsisreflectedaswellintheverytermsinwhichtheserightsandprivilegesaredescribed.Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”(drawinguponthelanguageoftheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates)isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”.

Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffromtheconstraintsofthecommunity.Itevencanassumethattheselfhas,intrinsictoitorsomehowavailabletoit,independentofanysocialguidance,intimationsofwhatitisandwhatitwants.Thus,liberationmaybeseeninthecurrentlyfashionableinsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”whichcanincludearelianceuponstandardsandobjectivesthataresolelyone’sown.Itisdifficult,insuchcircumstances,toavoidaradicalsubjectivismthattendstoresultinthoroughgoingrelativismwithrespecttomoralandpoliticaljudgments.Oneconsequenceofthisapproachistoidentifyanever-expandingarrayofformsofexpressionthatarebelievedtobeentitledtoimmunityfromgovernmentregulation.

Ontheotherhand,iftheemphasisisplaceduponthemoretraditionallanguage,“freedomofspeechandofthepress”，therequirementsandprerogativesofaself-governingpeopleareapttobemademoreof.Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower.Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime.Thiskindofeffortneednotbealtogetherselfishonthepartofsuchrulers,sinceallregimesdohaveaninterestinlawandorder,incommondecency,andinaroutinereliabilityorloyalty.

Whatisparticularlydifficulttoarguefor,andtomaintain,isanarrangementthat,whileitleavesapeopleclearlyfreepoliticallytodiscussfullyallmattersofpublicinterestwithaviewtowardgoverningitself,routinelydisciplinesandotherwisepreparesthatsamepeopleforaneffectiveexerciseofitsconsiderablefreedom.Insuchcircumstances,itistemptingforapeopletotakethecasefor,andtherhetoricofthelibertyonestepfurther-—andthustoinsistthatnoone,shouldtrytotellanyoneelsewhatkindofhumanbeingheshouldbe.Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?Allothersare,invaryingdegrees,prisonersofillusionsandappetites,howevermuchtheymaybelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselves.

Thereare,thentworelatedsetsofconcernsevidentinanyconsiderationtodayoftheformsandusesofcensorship.Onesetofconcernshastodowiththeeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity;theother,withthepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeople.Theformerismorepoliticalinitsmethods,thelatterismoreeducational.

1.IntheUnitedState,（）.

2.Freedomexpressionrepresents（）.

3.ItisTRUEthat（）.

4.Intheauthor’sopinion,（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.thereisanabsoluteabsenceofrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishing

B.therearenomorerestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

C.therearenofewerrestraintsuponspeakingandpublishingthanatanytimeinhistory

D.thereareconstitutionalguaranteeswithregardtospeechandthepress

问题2选项

A.littlemorethanapoliticalviewofliberty

B.notsomuchapoliticalasanindividualisticviewofliberty

C.arelianceuponsocialstandardsandobjectives

D.aradicalsubjectivism

问题3选项

A.freedomofexpressionmeansnothingbutaninsistenceupon“doingone’sownthing”

B.freedomofexpressiontendstospoiltheeverydaygovernanceofthecommunity

C.fewrulersruleswithouttheauthorityofthepeople

D.thepermanentshapingofthecharacterofthepeopleliesmainlyineducation

问题4选项

A.thereisnousemaintaininganarrangementinwhichpeoplecaneffectivelyexercisetheirconsiderablefreedom

B.allpeopleareinfactprisonersofillusionandappetites

C.onlypeoplewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisrightaretrulyfree

D.onlypeoplewhobelievethemselvestobefreelyexpressingthemselvesaretrulyfree

问题5选项

A.Amoreindividualisticviewoflibertywillprobablyleadtomoralrelativismandobjectivepoliticaljudgment.

B.Anindividualisticviewoflibertyisbasedontheassumptionthatindividualsknowwhotheyareandwhattheywant.

C.Thetraditionalviewoflibertyinvolvesmoresocialguidanceandlessuseofpoliticalpowerbytheindividual

D.Thecensorshiprelatedwiththeindividualisticviewoflibertyisrelatedwitheverydaygovernanceofcommunityandthusitispoliticalinitsmethod.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:Restraintsuponspeakingandpublishing,andindeeduponactiongenerally,arefewerthanatanytimeinthehistoryofthecountry(有关言论和出版方面的限制以及行为上的限制比历史上任何一个时期都要少)。由此可知前面三项不符合文章所述，D项“在言论和出版方面有宪法保障”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。第一段第一句指出:TheshiftfromthemorepoliticaltothemoreindividualisticviewoflibertymaybeseeninhowtheconstitutionalguaranteeswithrespecttospeechandthepressaretypicallyspokenofintheUnitedStatestoday(在自由的问题上，从政治性的观点向个人主义观点的转变可以通过如今美国宪法中有关言论和出版条例的陈述方式显现出来)，第一段最后一句指出:Whatwouldoncehavebeenreferredtoas“freedomofspeechandofthepress”isnowoftenreferredtoas“freedomofexpression”(曾经的'言论和出版自由’如今被称为‘表达自由’)。由此可知“表达自由”代表的是个人主义观点，故选B项“与其说是政治观点，不如说是个人主义的自由观”。

第3题:细节事实题。A:言论自由意味着坚持“做自己的事”。B:言论自由往往会破坏社区的日常管理。C:没有人民授权，统治者很难统治。D:人性格的永久塑造，主要在于教育。A项的nothingbut和B项中的spoiltheeverydaygovernance与文章意思不符。第二段指出:Eventhoserulerswhoactwithouttheauthorityofthepeoplemusttakecaretoshapetheirpeopleinaccordancewiththeneedsandcircumstancesoftheirregime(即使是那些未具备权力的管理者也必须要注意根据自己政权的需要和情况来塑造民众的性格)。因此C项不正确。答案为D。

第4题:细节事实题。第四段指出:Yetcannotitbesaidthatonlytheyaretrulyfreewhoknowwhattheyaredoingandwhochoosetodowhatisright?(难道不能说只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及选择做正确的事情的人才是真正地获得自由？)。此句的意思是:只有那些知道自己正在做什么以及选择做正确的事情的人才是真正地获得自由。故选C项“只有那些知道自己在做什么，选择做正确的事的人才是真正自由的”。

第5题:判断推理题。第二段指出:Tomakemuchoffreedomofexpressionistoencouragealiberationoftheselffi-omtheconstraintsofthecommunity(表达自由的意思就是鼓励自我从社会的各项束缚中解脱出来)。第三段指出:Thismeans,amongotherthings,thatapeoplemustbepreparedandequippedtomakeeffectiveuseofitsconsiderablepoliticalpower(这意味着每个人都需要准备好有效利用其巨大的政治权力)。由此推断C项“传统的对自由的理解涉及更多的社会指导，个人较少使用政治权力”正确。

5.单选题

InthecaseofFinney,whereanattendantatamentalhospitalcausedthedeathofapatientbyreleasingaflowoftrailingwaterintoabath,thetestwaswhetherhewasgrossly（

）.

问题1选项

A.negative

B.negligent

C.neglected

D.negligible

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。在斐纳的案件中，一家精神病医院的一名病人在洗澡时被淹死了。现在问题是要查明，该医院的护理是不是存在失职之嫌。

Negative［数］负的；消极的；否定的;阴性的。negligent疏忽的；粗心大意的。neglected被忽视的；未被好好照管的。negligible微不足道的，可以忽略的。

6.单选题

Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.

Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.

Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.

Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesofsuchnegativereactionsincludecontaminatedblood,airbubblesintheblood,overloadingofthecirculatorysystemthroughadministrationofexcessblood,orsensitivitytodonorplasmaorplatelets.

Today,hospitalsandbloodbanksgotogreatlengthstoscreenallblooddonorsandtheirblood.D.Alldonatedbloodisroutinelyandrigorouslytestedfordiseases,suchasHIV(whichcauseAIDS),hepatitisB,andsyphilis.Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement.Donatedbloodiswashed,andthewhitebloodcellsandplateletsareremoved.

Storingthebloodsometimesrequiresafreezingprocess,tofreezetheredbloodcells,aglycerolsolutionisadded.D.Tounfreeze,theglycerolisremoved.D.Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth.

1.Accordingtothispassage,howoftencanpeopledonatebloodforredbloodcells?

2.Whichsentenceinparagraph2explainshowclottingispreventedinthebloodcontainer?

3.AllofthefollowingarementionedaspotentialnegativereactionstotransfusionsEXCEPT?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutbloodtransfusedtoinfantsandnewborns?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Everymonth

B.Everytwomonths

C.Everythreemonths

D.Everyyear

问题2选项

A.Thefirstsentence

B.Thesecondsentence

C.Thethirdsentence

D.Noneoftheabove

问题3选项

A.allergies

B.sensitivitytodonorleukocytes

C.red-cellincompatibility

D.airbubblesintheblood

问题4选项

A.Itisasrigorouslytestedasbloodforadults

B.Itistreatedwithradiantenergy

C.Itisnottreateddifferentlyfromadults

D.Itisnotdangerousforchildren

问题5选项

A.Transfusingbloodisadangerousprocess

B.Freezingblooddestroysplatelets

C.Clottingcannotbeprevented

D.Storingbloodbenefitsmankind

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段最后一句话提到的内容Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths可知选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。第二段第一句话提到把献血的血液输血给接受者很简单。第二句话提到通过皮下注射器从献血者手臂的静脉中抽取血液。第三句话提到柠檬酸钠可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句话讲述了如何防止血液凝固，选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段前三句话，可以排除A、B、C三个选项，因此选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第二句话提到当接受者是新生儿或婴儿时，通常对血液进行辐射处理以消除有害的毒素（Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement），由此可知选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章第六段最后一句话提到长期储存血液的能力对人类健康大有裨益（Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth），因此选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Ifthesun（）theplayerscouldhavefinishedthegame.

问题1选项

A.hadshine

B.didshine

C.wereshining

D.hadshone

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。这是个虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，句意：如果太阳照耀着，队员们本可以完成比赛，说明比赛未完成，这个事情已经是既成事实了，ifIhaddone…Iwouldhavedone…因此，D选项符合句意。

8.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

众所周知，莎士比亚(Shakespeare)是英国著名的伟大作家，在很多国家，他的许多作品拥有众多读者。我想大家都看过他的著名作品《罗米欧与朱丽叶》（RomeoandJuliet),他们之间的爱情令人永生难忘。朱丽叶似乎舍不得罗米欧离开她，正像罗米欧不愿意离开他的朱丽叶一样，对于情人来说，最甜蜜的音乐就是他们在夜间互吐衷肠的声音。

我们每个人都应活在这个充满爱的世界里，因此，我们每时每刻都需要你的关爱、你的祈祷和鼓励。我们要相互尊重，相互帮助。我们必须珍惜人生，珍惜生命。因为生命对每个人来说都只有一次。所以我们都要过一种有意义的生活。如果人生的不幸降临到你的头上，请你也不要放弃，你一定要勇敢地生活，战胜疾病。幸福永远属于那些对生命执着追求的人。

【答案】Asisknowntoall,ShakespeareisafamousandgreatBritishwriter,withnumerousreadersinmanycountries.I’msurethateveryonehasalreadyreadhismasterpiece,RomeoandJuliet.ThelovebetweenRomeoandJulietisalwaysunforgettable.JulietseemstobereluctanttoletRomeogofromherasRomeoisunwillingtopartfromhisJuliet.Forlovers,thesweetestmusicisthesoundofeachother’stongueatnight.

Eachofusdeservestoliveinaworldoflove,soweneedyourlove,yourprayersandyourencouragement,mutualrespectandaidallthetime.Wemustcherishlife,forthereisonlyonelifeforeveryone.Therefore,thelifetimeshouldbespentinameaningfulway.Nomatterwhatkindofmisfortunebefallsyou,donotgiveup,instead,youmustlivebravelytoconquerdisease.Happinessalwaysbelongstothosewhopursuelifepersistently.

9.单选题

TheEnglishspeakerhas[A]athisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrulewhich[B]enablehimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,to[C]theotherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,[D]boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesinsizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

问题1选项

A.athisdisposal

B.enable

C.theother

D.boththatwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查代词用法。C选项theother表示“两者中的另一个”，而句中并没有标明只有两个讲英语者。因此应改为other“其他的”。

10.单选题

Microsoftreignedforyearsasthewealthiesttechnologycompanyprimarily（）itsownershipandcultivationofWindows—theuniversalplatformforapplicationsonthePC.

问题1选项

A.byforceof

B.byrightof

C.bydintof

D.withtheassistanceof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项byforceof“用…的手段”；B选项byrightof“凭借，由于”，多指凭借权利；C选项bydintof“用，凭借”，多指凭借某一事物；D选项withtheassistanceof“在…的援助下”。句意：微软多年来一直是世界上最富有的科技公司，这主要是凭借其对Windows的所有权和发展。Windows是个人电脑应用程序的通用平台。这里凭借的是Windows这一事物而不是权利，所以选项C正确。

11.单选题

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

问题1选项

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:该国进行核实验，也不（

）

实验结果。

optimistic乐观的;anxious焦虑的，担忧的;uncertain无常的，不确定的，含糊的;scared恐惧的，害怕的。Apprehensive忧虑的，不安的。故选B。

12.单选题

Inindividualisticcultures,peopleputemphasisonself-interests,andtendtohaveemotionaldetachmentfromtheirin-group.

问题1选项

A.concern

B.disinterestedness

C.dedication

D.fondness

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项concern“关心；忧虑”；B选项disinterestedness“漠不关心，不感兴趣”；C选项dedication“奉献；献身”；D选项fondness“喜爱”。句意：在个人主义文化中，人们强调自身利益，往往在情感上____于自己的群体。由“个人主义”可知，人们往往强调自身利益，忽视集体利益，只有B选项与原文情感基调一致，符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

13.单选题

Producingelasticthroughchemicalsynthesisisatediousprocessconsumingthreemonths.

问题1选项

A.thebetterhalfof

B.forthebetterof

C.allthebetterfor

D.thebetterpartof

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:通过化学合成生产弹性是很烦的一个过程，会花费大约三个月的时间（三个月大部分的时间）。

thebetterpartof大多数。

14.单选题

SinceBritishsettlersfirstoccupiedthiscountry.EnglishhasbeenthelanguageintheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.practicable

B.prevalent

C.predominant

D.popular

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项practicableadj.可用的，可行得通的；B选项prevalentadj.流行的，普遍的；C选项predominantadj.主要的，卓越的，有支配力的；D选项popularadj.流行的，通俗的。根据句意可知，自从英国殖民者第一次占领这个国家开始，英语就成为了美国的主流语言。因此，正确答案为C项。

15.单选题

Thetroopssleptincrampedconditions.

问题1选项

A.untidy

B.makeshift

C.dirty

D.crowded

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项untidy“不整洁的，凌乱的，懒散的，不干净利落的”；B选项makeshift“临时的，权宜之计的”；C选项dirty“下流的，卑鄙的，肮脏的，恶劣的，暗淡的”；D选项crowded“拥挤的，塞满的”。句意：军队在拥挤的条件下睡觉。Cramped“狭窄的，难懂的，难辨的”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

Long-termwateravailabilityislargelydeterminedbytheaverageconditionsinariverbasin,butitisoftenextremeeventsthatcauseacutewaterinsecurity.

问题1选项

A.occasional

B.constant

C.urgent

D.serious

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.occasional偶尔的，偶然的B.constant连续发生的，不断的

C.urgent紧急的，紧迫的D.serious严重的，有危险的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】acute的意思为“十分严重的”，这里指极端事件让水变得非常不安全，有严重的安全问题，serious与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】长期来说，水资源的可用性在很大程度上取决于流域的平均条件，但往往是极端事件导致严重的在水安全方面的问题。

17.单选题

Silk,althoughitisconsideredadelicatefabric,isinfactverystrong,butitisadverselyaffectedbysunlight.

问题1选项

A.soft

B.sheer

C.fragile

D.refined

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A选项soft“柔软的；温柔的；软弱的”；B选项sheer“绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项refined“精炼的；精确的；微妙的；有教养的”。句意：丝绸虽然被认为是一种易碎的织物，但事实上它非常结实，但它受到阳光的不利影响。根据句中although“尽管”和“isinfactverystrong实际上是非常结实的”可知delicate在这里的意思为“易碎的”，因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Being（）yourjobisfine,ofcourse,butyoushouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime.

问题1选项

A.trappedin

B.committedto

C.convincedof

D.confrontedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项betrappedin表示“被困在；陷入困境”；B选项becommittedto表示“致力于；委身于”；C选项beconvincedof表示“确信；认识到”；D选项beconfrontedwith表示“面临，面对”。根据youshouldn'tletworkeatupallyourleisuretime可知，虽然致力于工作是好的，但你不应该让工作占据所有的休闲时间。因此，B选项最符合句意，故本题正确答案为B。

19.单选题

Allfactoriesandminesare______bygovernmentofficials.

问题1选项

A.examined

B.surveyed

C.inspected

D.investigated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项examined“（仔细）检查；考察”；B选项surveyed“勘测；民意调查；房屋鉴定”；C选项inspected“视察；查看”；D选项investigated“侦察”。句意：所有的工厂和矿山都由政府官员______。根据语境，governmentofficials“政府官员”搭配inspected“视察”比较合理。因此C选项正确。

20.单选题

Retirementisobviouslyaverycomplex（

）periodandtheearlieryoustartplanningforit,thebetter.

问题1选项

A.transition

B.transaction

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。transition"过渡”；transaction“交易；事务”；transmission“传动装置，传送；transformation“转换；改革；变形”。句意：退休很明显是一个复杂的过渡期，你越早计划，越好。选项A符合题意。

21.单选题

Thebravefiremanhadfoughtfordaysbeforetheymanagedto（）theforestfire.

问题1选项

A.puton

B.putupwith

C.putoff

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。puton穿上，上演；putupwith忍受，容忍；putoff推迟，扔掉，阻止；putout熄灭，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防队员们奋战了好几天才把森林大火扑灭。选项D符合句意。

22.单选题

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason，”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists，philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘antiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened?”

1.Theword“schism”(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans（）.

2.Paragraph2and3arewrittento（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience’’is（）.

问题1选项

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

问题2选项

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

问题3选项

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

问题4选项

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章，“Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.”，可知本世纪，科学和人文学科之间的分歧如果说有什么不同的话，那就是分歧加深了。可判断出schism意为分歧，分裂。confrontation“分歧，面对”；dissatisfaction“不满”；separation“分离，分开”；contempt“轻视，蔑视”。文中是指科学与文化之间不和谐的