考研考博-英语-徐州生物工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-徐州生物工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

I'vebecomesomewhatphysicallyunfit,soI'vestartedgoingtothegymonceaweektoseeifIcan（）mybody.

问题1选项

A.tidyup

B.toneup

C.takeup

D.eatup

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项tidyup表示“收拾，整理”；B选项toneup表示“増强；提高（声调等）使更健康”；C选项takeup表示“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”；D选项eatup表示“吃光；耗尽；击垮”。根据somewhatphysicallyunfit（身体有点不健康）可知，空缺处应为“使更健康”，故B项正确。因此本题正确答案为B项。句意：我的身体已有些许不适，所以我开始每周去一次健身房，看看是否可以让身体更健康。

2.单选题

Thereisconcernthatpoliceusethelawto（

）assetsfrompeoplewhohavecommittedminoroffences.

问题1选项

A.confiscate

B.offset

C.submit

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。confiscate意为“没收”；offset意为“抵消”；submit意为“顺从”；intensity意为“加强，增强”。

句意：有人担心警察利用法律从轻微犯罪分子那里没收财产。

3.单选题

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

问题1选项

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项retard“延迟，阻止，妨碍”，B项peruse“详细考察，精读”，C项detain“拘留，留住，耽搁”，D项attain“达到，实现，获得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充满乐趣、没有痛苦的生活等于幸福”，结合actually“实际上”可知，reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“减少获得真正幸福的机会”符合语境。句意：人们相信充满乐趣、没有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，这实际上减少了他们获得真正幸福的机会。因此，该题选择D项正确。

4.单选题

Sincetheauthor’sunflatteringreferencestoherfriendswereso________,shewassurprisedthather______wererecognized.

问题1选项

A.laudatory...styles

B.obvious...anecdotes

C.oblique...allusions

D.critical...eulogies

【答案】C

【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析。laudatory“赞美的”；obvious“明显的”；oblique“不光明正大的”；critical“批判的”。style“风格”；anecdote“轶事，奇闻”；allusion“暗示，提及”；eulogy“悼词，颂词”。句意：作者间接地指出了她的朋友们的不当之处，但是使她惊讶的是，这种暗示得到了大家的认可。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

What（）aboutthatarticleinthenewspaperwasthatitswritershowedallattitudecoolenough,professionalenoughand,therefore,cruelenoughwhenfacingthattragedy.

问题1选项

A.workedmeout

B.knockedmeout

C.broughtmeup

D.putmeforward

【答案】B

【解析】workout算出，解决；knocksb.out把某人打昏，使疲劳；bringsb.up把某人抚养大；putforward提出。句意：报纸上那篇文章让我大吃一惊的是，它的作者在面对那场悲剧时，表现出了足够冷静、足够专业的态度，因此也足够残忍。选项B符合语境。

6.单选题

Dr.Brownbecameirritatedwhenthescienceexperimentthatwassupposedtoconfirmhisfindingsendedup______them.

问题1选项

A.lingering

B.trampling

C.diminishing

D.debunking

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项linger“消磨，缓慢度过”，B项trample“践踏，蔑视”，C项diminish“使减少，使变小”，D项debunk“揭穿……的真相，拆穿……的假面具”。由句子可知，thatwassupposedtoconfirmhisfindings在句子中作定语修饰scienceexperiment，表示“这个科学实验本应该证实他的发现”，而空格处是填入一个非谓语动词修饰scienceexperimentendedup这一句子，结合定语从句的内容和选项，可知只有debunking符合语境，表示“揭穿真相”。句意：当本应证实他的发现的科学实验最终揭穿了他们的谎言时，布朗博士非常恼火。因此，该题选择D项。

7.问答题

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,independently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsaidincreating.

Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmemberbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyincreasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,novusordoseclorum.

Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

【答案】参考范文：Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludestheentireeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

8.单选题

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMaCarthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats'levelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoconflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildreninAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers（）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho（）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess（）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

B.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

C.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

问题2选项

A.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

B.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

C.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

D.toprovidesupportforhisargument

问题3选项

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

D.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

问题4选项

A.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparentcoaching

B.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

C.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

D.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

问题5选项

A.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

B.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

C.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

D.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“作者关于学校的主要观点是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天赋的学生与学校互相不适应，也就不奇怪他们对读书经历没什么好感”（Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience），选项A“它们经常满足不了有天赋的学生的要求”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者引用OliverGoldsmith老师的话的目的是什么？”文章第一段提到如OliverGoldsmith这类有天赋的学生不喜欢学校，接下来列举了他们的学校经历来作证，因此作者引用Oliver老师中的一位的话是为了给自己的论证提供事实支持，选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“像毕加索那样拥有天赋的孩子的特点是什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“这些具有天赋的学生中的一些人在学校可能因为天赋不在学业方面，因此表现很差，比如毕加索”（Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway），因此选项D“无法应对学校里的学习”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“很多有天赋的人将他们的成功归功于……”文章最后一段第一句提到“当谈到能力培养的重要影响因素时，这些天赋极高的人谈论得更多的是他们的家庭而不是学校或者老师”（Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers），选项B“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“很多有天赋的学生对学校没有好的回忆的根本原因是什么？”文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多数人在学校表现不好，并不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们觉得学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣”（Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest），选项D“学校课程不能鼓励和激发他们的兴趣”符合题意。

9.单选题

Momflippedher（）whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

问题1选项

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美国俚语，意为发怒，发火，失去控制，变得狂热，大发脾气。句意：妈妈发现我怀孕后大发雷霆。因此D选项正确。

10.问答题

Humanbeingsarepayingalotformedicineandarenotgettingallthat(A)theythinktheyare(B)paying(C)aguaranteeto(D)endlessbetterment.

【答案】试题答案：C;payingfor

【解析】考查固定搭配。payfor（为……而付出，因……而付出）中的pay为不及物动词，for表示原因。

11.单选题

Mr.Whitewastoldagainandagainto______smokingbuthejustwouldn’tlisten.

问题1选项

A.cutthrough

B.cutoff

C.cutdown

D.cutaway

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cutthrough“抄近路走过”；B选项cutoff“切断”；C选项cutdown“减少”；D选项cutaway“切掉”。句意：怀特先生一再被告知要减少吸烟，但他就是不听。本句表示减少吸烟。因此C选项正确。

12.翻译题

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”(sage)。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》(TheAnalects)一书中。

《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。

在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。

【答案】【参考译文】ConfuciusisafamousthinkerandeducatorinChinesehistory.HeisthefounderofConfucianismandisrespectfullyreferredtoasanancient“sage”.HiswordsandlifeactivitiesarerecordedinTheAnalects.

TheAnalectsofConfuciusisaclassicworkofancientChineseculture,whichhasexertedagreatinfluenceonthethinkers,writersandstatesmenofsuccessivedynasties.WithoutstudyingtheAnalectsofConfucius,onecannottrulygraspthetraditionalChinesecultureofthousandsofyears.ManyofConfucius’thoughts,especiallyhiseducationalthoughts,havehadaprofoundimpactonChinesesociety.

Inthe21stcentury,theteachingsofConfuciusarenotonlyvaluedbytheChinesepeople,butalsoincreasinglybythewholeinternationalcommunity.

13.单选题

Becauseofcarelesswashing,thewoolensweater

toachild’ssize.

问题1选项

A.compressed

B.dropped

C.shrank

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。compress“压缩，压紧”；drop“推动；帮助”；shrink“收缩”；diminish“减少”。根据关键信息achild’ssize可知羊毛衫缩小，因此选项C符合题意。句意：由于洗涤不当，这件羊毛衫缩小成了儿童尺寸。

14.单选题

TheMedalofNationalScienceis[A]thehighest[B]awardscientificthatcanbe[C]givento[D]anyindividualintheUnitedStates.

问题1选项

A.thehighest

B.awardscientific

C.given

D.any

【答案】B

【解析】【考查点】形容词语序。

【解题思路】award是名词，scientific是形容词，形容词应该放在名词前面，所以正确语序是scientificaward（科学奖项）。该题选择B项。

【句意】国家科学奖章是美国授予任何个人的最高科学奖。

15.单选题

MostofuswillnotwantmercykillingoreuthanasiauntilthelastminuteandevenassistedsuicidecampaignerslikeTimothyLearyoftenbackoutoftheactanddienaturaldeaths.

问题1选项

A.propup

B.flinch

C.fallbehind

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们大多数人直到最后一刻才会想要安乐死或临终关怀，甚至像蒂莫西•利里这样的协助自杀活动家也常……这一行为，选择自然死亡。A选项propup“支撑”；B选项flinch“退缩；畏惧”；C选项fallbehind“拖欠；落后”；D选项retain“保持；保留”。“这一行为”指的是安乐死，既然这位协助自杀活动家选择了自然死亡，那么B选项“畏惧”符合题意。

16.单选题

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

问题1选项

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。四个选项都有“虽然，尽管”的意思。选项C的结构一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引导句子，不过although只能置于句首。这里空格后面是一个名词短语educationaldifferences跟一个that引导的定语从句。所以只能填入选项D介词短语，后面接名词。句意为：女性的收入远在男性之下，尽管两性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

17.单选题

Hegavehislistenersavivid（）ofhisjourneythroughPeru.

问题1选项

A.account

B.tale

C.communication

D.plot

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。giveanaccountof意为“讲述…说明…汇报…”。根据句意“他向听众生动地讲述了他的秘鲁之旅。”选项A符合句意。

18.单选题

Butlikemany,TurnerisgrowingalittletiredasFlorida'sbusyhurricaneseasoncontinuesto_______nervesandextendhardships.

问题1选项

A.sprain

B.fray

C.distort

D.scuffle

【答案】B

【解析】sprain扭伤；fray（使关系、神经等）紧张；distort扭曲，曲解；scuffle混战。句意：和许多人一样，特纳也越来越累了，因为佛罗里达多飓风的季节不断地使人们神经紧张，造成更多的苦难。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

WhenthefirstofthetwoVikinglanderstoucheddownonMartiansoilonJuly20,1976,andbegantosendcameraimagesbacktoEarth,thescientistsattheJetPropulsionLaboratorycouldnotsuppressacertainnervousanticipation,likepeoplewhoholdatickettoalotterytheyhaveaone-in-a-millionchanceofwinning.Thefirstphotographsthatarrived,however,didnotcontainanyevidenceoflife.Whatrevealeditselftothemwasmerelyabarrenlandscapelitteredwithrocks.Theviewresemblednothingsomuchasaflatsectionofdesert—infact,thewinningentryinacontestatJ.P.L.forthephotographmostaccuratelypredictingwhatMarswouldlooklikeasasnapshottakeninaparticularlyaridsectionoftheMojaveDesert.

Thescientistsweresoonreadytoturntheirattentionfromvisiblelifetomicroorganisms.ThetwinVikinglanderscarriedthreeexperimentsdesignedtodetectcurrentbiologicalactivityandonetodetectorganiccompounds,becauseresearchersthoughtitpossiblethatlifehaddevelopedonearlyMarsjustasitisthoughttohavedevelopedonEarth,throughthegradualchemicalevolutionofcomplexorganicmolecules（分子）.Todetectbiologicalactivity,Martiansoilsamplesweretreatedwithvariousnutrientsthatwouldproducecharacteristicby-productsiflifeformswereactiveinthesoil.Theresultsfromallthreeexperimentswereinconclusive.Thefourthexperimentheatedasoilsampletolookforsignoforganicmaterialbutfoundnone,anunexpectedresultbecauseatleastorganiccompoundsfromthesteadybombardmentoftheMartiansurfacebymeteorites（限星）werethoughttohavebeenpresent.

Theabsenceoforganicmaterial,somescientistsspeculated,wastheresultofintenseultravioletradiationpenetratingtheatmospherewhichwasatonetimerichincarbondioxideandthusthickenoughtoprotectitssurfacefromtheharmfulrayoftheSun,thecarbondioxidehadgraduallylefttheatmosphereandbeenconvertedintorocks.ThismeansthateveniflifehadgottenastartonearlyMars,itcouldnothavesurvivedtheexposuretoultravioletradiationwhentheatmospherethinned.MarsneverdevelopedaprotectivelayerofozoneasEarthdid.

DespitethedisappointedVikingresults,therearethosewhostillkeepopenthepossibilityoflifeonMars.TheypointoutthattheVikingdatacannotbeconsideredthefinalwordonMartianlifebecausethetwolandersonlysampledtwolimitedanduninterestingsites.TheVikinglandingsiteswerenotchosenforwhattheymighttelloftheplanet’sbiology.Theywerechosenprimarilybecausetheyappearedtobesafeoflandingaspacecraft.ThelandingsiteswereonpartoftheMartianplainsthatappearedrelativelyfeaturelessfromorbitalphotography.

ThetypeofMartianterrainthattheseresearcherssuggestmaybeapossiblehidingplaceforactivelifehasanearthlyparallel:theice-freeregionofsouthernVictorialand.Antarctica,wherethetemperaturesinsomedryvalleyaveragebelowzero.Organismsknownasendoliths,aformofblue-greenalgae(藻类)thathasadoptedtothisharshenvironment,werefoundlivinginsidecertainporousrocksintheseAntarcticvalleys.TheargumentbasedonthisdiscoveryisthatiflifedidexistonearlyMars,itispossiblethatitescapedworseningconditionbysimilarlyseekingtoodry,evencomparedwithAntarcticvalleys,tosustainanylifewhatsoever.

ShouldMarseventuallyprovetobecompletelybarrenoflife,assomesuspect,thenthiswouldhaveasignificantimpactonthecurrentviewofthechemicaloriginoflife.ItcouldbemuchmoredifficulttogetlifestartedonaplanetthanscientiststhoughtbeforetheVikinglandings.

1.Themajorpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.TheauthorusedtheevidencefromthefourVikingexperiments(paragraph2)toestablishthat（）.

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatimportantdifferencebetweenMarsandEarthisthatunlikeEarth,Mars（）.

4.Inparagraph5,theresearchers'argumentthatlifemayexistinMartianrocksrestsontheideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.relateanaccountofanextraordinaryscientificachievement

B.underminetheprevailingbeliefthatlifemayexistonMars

C.showthelimitationsofthescientificinvestigationofotherplanets

D.discusstheeffortsofscientiststodeterminewhetherMartianlifeexist

问题2选项

A.meteoritesdonotstrikethesurfaceofMarsasoftenasscientistshadthought.

B.therewasnoexperimentalconfirmationofthetheorythatlifeexistonMars.

C.currenttheoryastohowlifedevelopedonEarthisprobableflawed.

D.biologicalactivityhasbeenshowntobeabsentfromthesurfaceofMars.

问题3选项

A.couldnothavesustainedlifethatdeveloped

B.possessedatonetimeanatmosphererichincarbondioxide

C.isinthepathoftheharmfulraysofultravioletradiation

D.accumulatedorganiccompoundsfromthesteadybombardmentofmeteorites

问题4选项

A.lifeevolvedinthesamewayontwodifferentplanets

B.lifedevelopedintheformofblue-greenalgaeonMars

C.organismsmayadoptidenticalsurvivalstrategiesincomparableenvironments

D.endolithsarecapableoflivingintheharshenvironmentofMars

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章第一段提到科学家们通过图像并没有发现火星上可见的生命，接下来讲述了科学家们通过火星土样也没有发现火星上有微生物存在，然后推测原因，最后一段提到如果火星最后被证明没有生命存在可能带来的影响，由此可知本文主要是讲述了科学家们努力确定火星上有无生命，因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者使用四个火星实验得来的证据是为了……”。文章第二段提到“因为研究人员认为有可能早期火星上的生命就想地球上的生命一样”（becauseresearchersthoughtitpossiblethatlifehaddevelopedonearlyMarsjustasitisthoughttohavedevelopedonEarth），但是在火星土样中没有发现任何迹象（Thefourthexperimentheatedasoilsampletolookforsignoforganicmaterialbutfoundnone），因此选项B“火星上有生命这一理论没有得到实验的证实”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为火星和地球之间的重要区别在于不像地球,火星……”。文章第三段提到“是强烈的紫外线辐射穿透大气层的结果”(wastheresultofintenseultravioletradiationpenetratingtheatmosphere)，最后一句提到“火星没有像地球那样形成一层保护臭氧层”(MarsneverdevelopedaprotectivelayerofozoneasEarthdid)。选项C“在紫外线辐射的有害射线路径上”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第五段中，研究者认为火星岩石上有生命的观点是依靠……”。文章第五段提到“基于该发现的论证是如果有生命存在于早期的火星上，那么这些生命就可能通过寻找比南极干谷更干燥的环境来维持生命形式”（TheargumentbasedonthisdiscoveryisthatiflifedidexistonearlyMars,itispossiblethatitescapedworseningconditionbysimilarlyseekingtoodry,evencomparedwithAntarcticvalleys,tosustainanylifewhatsoever），选项C“生命体在类似环境中可能采取同样的生存策略”符合题意。

20.单选题

Withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s,andthattalentisinevenshortersupply.Computerscienceenrollmentsareatanall-timelow;baby-boomerworkersareretiringandtakingallofthatlegacy—systemsknowledgewiththem;andSiliconValleyishotagain.Wouldthatyoung,brilliantdeveloperratherjointhenextZyngaorupgradethepayrollsystemsatyourinsurancecompany?

Twoweeksago,IaskedtheITexecutivereadershipofmyweeklynewsletter,TheHellerReport,toanswerthequestion:Ifyouhadamagicwand,whichonetalentproblemwouldyousolve?Responsespouredinandaddressedchallengesaroundrecruiting,developingleaders,andretainingthetalentthattheycurrentlyhave.Butmorethan70percentofreaderswouldusetheirmagicwandtodoonlyonething:givebusinessskillstotheirtechnologists.Theirpeople,theyworry,aresonarrowlyfocusedonthetechnologythattheyfailtoseetheforestforthetrees.Theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.

Thislackofbusiness-savvytechnologytalentisaseriousproblemforeverycompanythatreliesontechnologytoexist(whichis,ofcourse,everycompany).Thosebeautifully“blendedexecutives,”whocantalktechnologyinonemeetingandcantalkbusinessinanother,arerarebirds.Yetwithtechnologymovingdirectlyintotherevenuestreamofyourcompany,youneedthem,andyourneedisonlygoingtoincrease.

Oneoptionistospendallofyourtimeandmoneyonrecruitingblendedexecutivesfromtheoutside.Youwillbeinheatedcompetitionwitheveryothercompanyinyourmarket,andifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.Youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.Herearesomeideas:

Buildarotationalprogram.EncourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourCIOandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesITpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.Thiskindofprogramisnoteasy,withyourCIOhavingtosurvivewithoutatrustedITleaderforaperiodoftime,butthelong-termresultofagoodrotationalprogramcanbetremendous.Itmaywellbeworththeinvestment.

Involveyourbusinessleaders.Ifarotationalprogramistoomuchtotakeonrightnow,buildaleadershipdevelopmentprogramforITthatinvolvesyourbusinessexecutives.EncourageyourCIOtoinvitetheheadsofyourmajorbusinessunitstomeetregularlywiththeseniorITteamtoeducatethemontheirbusinessarea.Andbesurethatyou,CFO,arespendingenoughtimewithIT.Usethatinteractiontochipawayatthelong-standingwallthatoftenexistsbetweenthebusinessandIT.

1.CompaniesareingreaterneedoftechnologytalentNOTbecauseof（）.

2.ThemainideaofParagraph2isthat（）.

3.Thephrase“recruitingfunction”underlinedinParagraph4refersto（）.

4.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveenoughtimeandmoneytohireexecutivesitneeds,itshould（）.

5.ArotationalprogramDOESN’Tinvolve（）.

问题1选项

A.theaccumulationofmoredata

B.theneedtoserveconsumers

C.therisingdemandforcloudcomputation

D.thedevelopmentofmedicalindustry

问题2选项

A.profounddiscussionisrequired

B.ITemployeesshouldbebusiness-savvy

C.technologysupportisexpected

D.therearechallengesinrecruitingdevelopers

问题3选项

A.recruitmentofaparticularfirm

B.thefunctionalityofrecruitment

C.competitiverecruitmentstrategy

D.employmentofITworkersforacertainemployer

问题4选项

A.achievelong-termresults

B.deviseatrainingprogram

C.participateinheatedcompetition

D.callonallbusinessleaders

问题5选项

A.blendedITexecutives

B.CIO

C.CEO

D.allbusinessleaders

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：公司特别需要技术人才不是因为_______。通过题干定位到文章第一段的第一句话Withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s.（随着云计算、移动性、大数据和消费化，企业比上世纪90年代末更需要技术人才。），A选项“更多数据的累积”，对应“大数据”，B选项“服务消费者的需要”，对应“消费化”，C选项“云计算需求的增加”，对应“云计算”，只有D选项“医药产业的发展”，在文中并没有提及，所以本题应该选D选项。

2.主旨大意题。题干：第二段的中心思想是________。根据第二段的主要内容“如果你有根魔杖，你会解决哪一个人才问题？70%的读者的选择是把商业技能传授给他们的技术人员”，所以B选项“IT员工应该具有商业头脑”符合题意。文中最后一句提到Theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.（他们不了解其技术工作的业务环境，也不能与业务领域的领导者就其技术支持进行有意义的讨论。），由此可知，和业务领域的领导者进行深入的讨论是包括在商业技能里面的，所以A选项“需要深入的讨论”不正确，C选项“期待技术支持”和D选项“在招聘开发者方面存在一些挑战”都是想要解决的问题之一，但不是中心思想。综上所述，该题正确答案为B选项。

3.语义推测题。题干：文中第四段的划线部分“recruitingfunction”指的是_______。第四段中提到ifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.Youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.Herearesomeideas：（如果你的recruitingfunction对你来说不是一件有竞争力的武器，你会发现自己处于一场失败的战斗中。你最好发展自身，以下是一些建议：），紧接着第五，第六段提出一些建议。所以recruitingfunction在这里指的是“有竞争力的招聘策略”，C选项符合题意。A选项“特定公司的招聘”，B选项“招聘的功能”，D选项“为某个雇主雇佣IT工人”，均不是对recruitingfunction正确的解释。综上所述，该题正确答案为C选项。

4.细节推理题。题干：如果一家公司没有足够的时间和资金来聘请它所需要的高管，那么它应该_________。文章第五段和第六段提到的两个建议，第一个是Buildarotationalprogram（建立一个轮换计划），第二个是Involveyourbusinessleaders（让你的商业领袖参与进来），由此可知，D选项“号召所有的商业领袖”符合题意。A选项“取得长期结果”，在文中并未提及，排除A选项，B选项“制定培训计划”，文中第六段提到的轮换计划指的是将IT人员轮换到业务的不同职能的程序，和B选项表达的内容不相符，排除B选项，C选项“参加激烈的比赛”，在文中并未提及，排除C选项。所以本题应该选择D选项。

5.事实细节题。题干：轮换制度不包括________。由关键词“rotationalprogram”定位到文章第五段EncourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourCIOandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesITpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.（鼓励您的人力资源主管与您的CIO和其他一些业务领导合作，建立一个将IT人员轮换到业务的不同职能的程序。），由此可知，D选项“所有商业领袖”，不正确，所以本题选择D选项，A选项“混合IT高管”，B选项“CIO”均在第五段中提到，C选项“CEO”在第六段中提到“businessexecutives”，综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

21.单选题

SectionA

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichform