考研考博-英语-广州科技职业技术大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州科技职业技术大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Weshouldbejudgedbythequalityofourproductsandthevalueinvestors___fromthem.

问题1选项

A.deride

B.derive

C.elude

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deride“嘲笑；嘲弄”；B选项derive“源于；得自；获得”；C选项elude“（尤指机智地，巧妙地）避开，逃避，躲避；使无法得到；使无法达到；使不记得；使不理解”；D选项evade“逃避；规避；逃脱”。句意：我们应该根据我们产品的质量和投资者从中___的价值来判断。本句表达“投资者从中获得的价值”，因此B选项正确。

2.翻译题

Asaglobalinstitute,MobileStudies-connectspolicy-makers,practitionersandprofessorsofmobilemediaandcommunicationacrossculturesandcountries.Leveragingitscombinedacademicandindustrialexpertise,MobileStudiesoffersitsuniqueservicestothemobileworld.Interdisciplinaryandcomparativeinapproach,MobileStudies,sharesacademicresearchwiththemobileindustry,industryinsightswith-theacademiccommunity,andtimelyenlightenmentwiththemobilepublic.

Solution-orientedandindustry-based,ourstudiesfocusonidentifyingissuesandlocatingsolutionsbesidestheoreticalconstructionsandpolicyrecommendations.Interdisciplinaryandcomparative,theresultsofourstudiesaresharedthroughMobileCampus,co-organizedMobileWorkshopsandotherchannelstooffercustomizedcoursesandservicesfromdifferentperspectives.

Believeitornot,mostpeopledon'tbreathecorrectlyandthiscancontributetoafeelingoflethargy.Butbyusingthediaphragm-themusclethatinflatesanddeflatesthelungs—youinhaleandexhalemoreefficiently.Consciouslyrelaxyourjaw,throat,shouldersandupperchest.

AmusicshowfromHunanSatelliteTVnamedI'maSingerhasbeengainingpopularitysincetheheatfromVoiceofChinagraduallycooled.Theshowinvitesprofessionalmusicianstocompete.Ratherthanusingthetraditionallyunderdogs-become-famousformat,itisuptothe500audiencememberstodecidethefateofthestarsonstage.

Let'scheckouthowtheadaptionofaclassiclovesongtorock'n'rollintroduceustotheemotionalworldofrockmusic.

【答案】作为一家全球性机构，移动研究所将跨文化和国家的移动媒体和传播的决策者、实践者和专家联系起来。凭借其综合的学术和行业的专业知识，移动研究所为移动世界提供了特殊的服务。运用跨学科和比较的方法，它与移通信行业分享学术研究，与学术界分享行业见解，并适时启发广大移动公众。

以解决方法为导向，以产业为基础，我们的研究注重发现问题和找到解决方案，并提供理论建设和政策建议。利用跨学科和比较的方法，通过移动校园、联合举办的移动研讨会和其他渠道，我们的研究成果被分享（通过移动校园、联合举办的移动研讨会和其他渠道共享我们的研究成果），以便从不同的角度提供定制课程和服务。

不管你信不信，大多数人呼吸方式都不正确，这会让人昏昏欲睡。但是通过横膈膜——使肺部充盈和收缩的肌肉——你可以更有效地吸气和呼气。有意识地放松你的下巴、喉咙、肩膀和上胸部。

随着中国好声音的热度逐渐退去，湖南卫视的一档名为《我是歌手》的音乐节目越来越受欢迎。演出邀请许多专业音乐人士参赛。与使用传统的“草根到歌手”的模式不同，这档节目中由500名观众来决定台上明星们的命运。让我们来看看由一首经典情歌改编成的摇滚乐如何将我们带入充满激情的摇滚乐世界中。

3.单选题

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound____inthewoodsoffthehighway.

问题1选项

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.vanished突然消失；绝迹B.scattered分散

C.abandoned丢弃D.rejected拒绝

【答案】C

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格前后语义为“Lee一家丢失的汽车被发现____在高速公路旁的树林里。”根据前后语义可知，丢失的汽车被别人遗弃在高速公路旁的树林里，C选项abandoned“丢弃”符合前后语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义衔接。

【句意】Lee一家丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在高速公路旁的树林里。

4.单选题

（）ofthischangeistheappearanceofthetwobooksunderreview.

问题1选项

A.Indicative

B.Suggestive

C.Symptomatic

D.Expressive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:Indicative“象征的；指示的；表明的”；B:Suggestive“提示的；暗示的”；C:Symptomatic“有症状的；症候的”；D:Expressive“表示的，有表现力的”。句意：审查中的这两本书的出现反映了这个变化。beindicativeof“指示的；象征的；暗示的”,本句为表语前置，完全倒装。因此A最合适。

5.单选题

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

问题2选项

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

问题3选项

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

问题4选项

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题?’根据第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎样到达树顶的呢？”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公认的内聚压力理论解答了“水移动到树顶端的原因。”确定C选项“水如何到达树的顶端”正确。

2.推理判断题。题目提问‘第一段中提到的第一个实验证明了什么?’根据第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物的茎的细胞不能抽水”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘植物学家是如何知道根压并不是推动植物水分流动的唯一力量的?’根据第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根压完全不足以将水推到树顶。此外，作为最高树木之一的针叶树，其根压也低得异乎寻常。”确定A选项“一些非常高的树木有微弱的压力”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘这篇文章支持下列哪个陈述?’根据第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根据目前为人们所接受的内聚压力的理论，水是被拉到上面去的。”确定D选项“植物学家已经改变他们有关水在植物中移动的理论”正确；也由此知A选项“水是被推到树的顶端的”和C选项“大气压力把水吸到高大树木的顶端”不正确，排除；根据第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物学家己经证明活细胞能充当泵”不正确。

6.单选题

Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathyandstagnation,toomuchconflictleadstodivisivenessandhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.

Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis（

）.

2.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk’sresearchshows（

）.

3.WecanlearnfromSchwenk’sresearchthat（

）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations（

）.

5.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization（

）.

问题1选项

A.wrong

B.oversimplified

C.misleading

D.unclear

问题2选项

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

B.therealvalueofconflict

C.thedifficultindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

D.thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

问题3选项

A.aperson’sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganization

B.conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizations

C.differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict

问题4选项

A.thereisnoendofconflict

B.expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouraged

C.decisionsmustbejustifiable

D.successliesingeneralagreement

问题5选项

A.seemtobedifficulttosatisfy

B.arefreetoexpressdiverseopinions

C.arelesseffectiveinmakingdecisions

D.finditeasiertoreachagreement

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.观点态度题。由第二段“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知作者认为公众对于冲突的理解过于简单。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由“RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.然而，CharlesR.Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知确定冲突的最佳水平存在困难。故C项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.有些令人惊讶的是，Schwenk发现，对于冲突的看法随着组织类型的不同而系统地变化。”接下来分别列举了盈利机构和非盈利机构对待冲突的不同看法。故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第四段“Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.在以盈利为目的的组织中，决策效能最常以财务术语来评估。高管们认为，共识而不是冲突可以增强财务指标。”可知盈利机构认为共识能增强财务指标。故D项“成功在于统一的意见（共识）”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.在非营利性组织中，决策有效性是从令人满意的群体的角度来定义的。考虑到满足许多不同成员的复杂性和模糊性，高管们认为冲突导致了更深思熟虑和可接受的决定。”可知在非盈利性机构里人们可以表达不同的观点，故B项正确。

7.单选题

Thisdiplomaisimportant,which（

）thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.

问题1选项

A.amplifies

B.certifies

C.clarifies

D.magnifies

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。A选项amplify“放大，扩大”；B选项certify“证明”；C选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；D选项magnify“赞美，夸大”。

句意：这个文凭很重要，它能证明你已经完成高中学业。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

问题1选项

A.notso

B.notmuch

C.nomore

D.muchmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：心脏不比胃聪明，因为它们都由大脑控制。根据题干intelligentthan可知考查形容词的比较级，确定有more，根据语境心脏和胃都受大脑控制确定C选项nomore符合题意。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhave______astheamountofmoneyborrowed.

问题1选项

A.asthesamevalue

B.thesamevalue

C.valueasthesame

D.thevalueisthesame

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。句子中的空格部分做宾语从句中的宾语成分，故可排除D选项；“与……相同”可用“as…as”和“thesameas”，无“asthesameas”这种表达；二者的区别为：as+adj/adv.+as；thesame(+n.)as，故可排除A选项和C选项，根据句意：消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。可知B选项正确。

10.单选题

Herman'ssuccessisduetohishardworkandhisabilityto（）planswhichwillgetworkdoneefficiently.

问题1选项

A.formulate

B.fulfil

C.approve

D.flourish

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.formulate制订；规划B.fulfil实现（梦想），履行（职责，义务等）

C.approve赞成，同意D.flourish繁荣，昌盛

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“赫尔曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他______计划的能力”，结合选项词义可知，空格处表示“制定”符合句意，所以该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】赫尔曼的成功是由于他的努力工作和他制定计划的能力，这使工作有效地完成。

11.单选题

NearlyeverywriteronthephilosophyofcivilrightsactivistMartinLutherKing,itmakesaconnectionbetweenKingandHenryDavidThoreau,usuallyviaThoreau’sfamousessay.”CivilDisobedience"(1849).InhisbookStrideTowardFreedom(1958),KinghimselfstatedthatThoreau’sessaywashisfirstintellectualcontactwiththetheoryofpassiveresistancetogovernmentallawsthatareperceivedasmorallyunjust.However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,KingwouldnothaveagreedwithmanyotheraspectsofThoreau’sphilosophy,includingThoreau'sultimateacceptanceofviolenceasaformofprotest;second,anoveremphasisontheinfluenceofoneessayhaskepthistoriansfromnotingothercorrespondencesbetweenKing'sphilosophyandtranscendentalism."CivilDisobedience"astheonlyexampleoftranscendentalistwritingwithwhichKingwasfamiliar,andinmanyothertranscendentalistwritings,includingworksbyRalphWaldoEmersonandMargaretFuller,Kingwouldhavefoundideasmorenearlyakintohisown.

ThekindofcivildisobedienceKinghadinmindwas,infact,quitedifferentfromThoreau’sviewofcivildisobedience.Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.Whileheencouragedotherstoadoptsimilarprotests,hedidnotattempttomountanymassprotestactionagainstunjustlaws.IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.

However,King’swritingssuggestthat,withoutrealizingit,hewasanincipienttranscendentalist.Mosttranscendentalistssubscribedtotheconceptof“higherlaw”andincludedcivildisobediencetounjustlawsaspartoftheirstrategy.TheyofteninvokedtheconceptofhigherlawtojustifytheiroppositiontoslaveryandtoadvocatedisobediencetothestrengthenedFugitiveSlaveLawof1850.Inhissecondmajorbook,King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisverysimilartothetranscendentalists'discussionofhigherlaw.Inreferencetohowonecanadvocatebreakingsomelawsandobeyingothers,Kingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw”andanunjustlawasa“codethatisoutofharmonywiththemorallaw.”Thus,King’soppositiontotheinjusticeoflegalizedsegregationinthetwentiethcenturyisphilosophicallyakintothetranscendentalists9oppositiontotheFugitiveSlaveLawinthenineteenthcentury.

1.Whichoneofthefollowingbeststatesthemanideaofthepassage?

2.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsabout“CivilDisobedience”wouldtheauthorconsidermostaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneofthefollowingistrueofEmersonandFuller?

4.ThepassagesuggestswhichoneofthefollowingaboutThoreau?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Kingdifferedfrommosttranscendentalistsinthathe（

）.

问题1选项

A.King’sphilosophywasmoreinfluencedbyThoreau’sessayoncivildisobediencethanbyanyotherwritingofthetranscendentalists

B.WhilehistoriansmayhaveoverestimatedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,Kingwasgreatlyinfluencedbyanumberofthetranscendentalistphilosophers.

C.Thoreau’sandKing’sviewsoncivildisobediencedifferedinthatKingwasmoreconcernedwiththesocialreformthanwiththeeconomicreformofsociety.

D.AlthoughhistorianshaveoveremphasizedThoreau’sinfluenceonKing,thereareparallelsbetweenKing’sphilosophyandtranscendentalismthathavenotbeenfullyappreciated.

问题2选项

A.ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

B.ItwasnotKing’sfirstcontactwiththeconceptofpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.

C.ItprovidedKingwithamodelforusingpassiveresistancetoeffectsocialchange.

D.Itcontainsanumberofideaswithwhichothertranscendentalistsstronglydisagreed

问题3选项

A.SomeoftheirideaswerelesstypicaloftranscendentalismthanweresomeofThoreau’sideas.

B.SomeoftheirideasweremoresimilartoKing’sthanweresomeofThoreau's.

C.Theirideasaboutcivildisobedienceandunjustlawsareaswell'knownasThoreau’sare.

D.TheywouldhavebeenmorelikelythanThoreautoagreewithKingonthenecessityofmassprotestincivildisobedience.

问题4选项

A.Hewasthefirsttodevelopfullythetheoryofcivildisobedience.

B.HisworkhashadagreaterinfluenceoncontemporarythinkersthanhastheworkofEmersonandFuller.

C.Headvocatedusingcivildisobediencetoforcethefederalgovernmenttochangeitspoliciesonwar.

D.Hisphilosophydoesnotcontainallofthesameelementsasthephilosophiesoftheothertranscendentalists.

问题5选项

A.opposedviolenceasaformofcivilprotest.

B.believedthatjustlawshadaninherentmoralvalue.

C.showedmoreinterestedinreformingsocietythaninreformingtheindividual.

D.protestedsocialandlegalinjusticeinUnitedStatessocietyratherthanUnitedStatesforeignpolicy.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段的中心句However,thisemphasisonThoreau’sinfluenceonKingisunfortunate:first,...second.确定作者认为大部分作家过分强调梭罗与金思想上的联系，并且忽略了金与其他先验论主义者的联系。由此推断出D选项‘尽管历史学家过分强调梭罗对金的影响，但金的哲学与超验主义之间存在着尚未得到充分认识的相似之处。’正确。

2.根据文章第一段，可知金的哲学思想是受到了梭罗的影响，这种影响带到政治生活中即是：King’sdiscussionofjustandunjustlawsandtheresponsibilityoftheindividualisKingnotesthattherearetwotypesoflaws,justandunjust;hedescribesajustlawasa“codethatsquareswiththemorallaw马丁路德金对公正和不公正法律的讨论以及个人的责任指出有两种类型的法律，公正和不公正;他把公正的法律描述为“符合道德法则的准则”，所以A选项‘ItinfluencedKing’sphilosophyonpassiveresistancetounjustlaws.它影响了金对不公正法律的消极抵抗的哲学。正确。

3.根据文章第二段最后一句‘IncontrasttoThoreau,Kingbegantoadvocatetheuseofmasscivildisobediencetoaffectrevolutionarychangeswithinthesocialsystem.与梭罗相反，金开始提倡使用大规模的公民不服从来影响社会体系内的革命变革。’和最后一段”...isverysimilartothetranscendentalists’discussionofhigherlaw.因此，马丁•路德•金反对20世纪不公正的种族隔离合法化，在哲学上类似于19世纪超验主义者反对逃亡奴隶法。‘推测出D选项‘爱默生和福勒会比梭罗更赞同其非暴力反抗的大规模抗议的必要性‘正确。

4.根据文章第二段AsaprotestagainsttheMexicanWar,Thoreaurefusedtopaytaxes,buthedidnothopebyhisactiontoforceachangeinnationalpolicy.作为对墨西哥战争的抗议，梭罗拒绝交税，但他不希望通过自己的行动迫使国家政策发生改变。”可知C选项’他主张用非暴力反抗战争迫使联邦政府改变其政策‘正确。A，B皆为错误表达。D选项正确。

5.根据文章第二段“Thoreau,likemostothertranscendentalists,wasprimarilyinterestedinreformoftheindividual,whereasKingwasprimarilyinterestedinreformofsociety.梭罗和大多数先验论者一样，主要对个人的改革感兴趣，而金主要对社会的改革感兴趣。”确定C选项正确。

12.单选题

Myeyeshadbecome（）tothenowsemi-darkness,soIcouldpickoutshapesaboutseventy-fiveyardsaway.

问题1选项

A.inclined

B.accustomed

C.vulnerable

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inclined“有……倾向”；B选项accustomed“习惯的，通常的”；C选项vulnerable“脆弱的，易碎的”；D选项sensitive“敏感的”。句意：我的眼睛已经_____现在的半明半暗，所以我能辨认出75码外的形状。考查固定搭配beaccustomedto“习惯于”，这里表示的是习惯于这种半明半暗的状况，因此B选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Attheconferenceyesterday,ourdifferenceswerefurther（

）.Thenextstepistoworkoutasolutionacceptabletobothsides.

问题1选项

A.narroweddown

B.cooleddown

C.drivenhome

D.broughtabout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。narrowdown意为“缩减，压缩，减少”；cooldown意为“变凉，冷却，冷静”；drivehome意为“开车回家”；bringabout意为“导致，引起”。

句意：在昨天的会议上，我们的分歧进一步缩小了。下一步是制定一个双方都能接受的解决方案。

14.单选题

Theambulanceservicesworked（）haulingpeopletrappedinthebuildingtosafety.

问题1选项

A.onthedecline

B.onthecontrary

C.forachange

D.roundtheclock

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。onthedecline在衰退中；onthecontrary正相反；forachange为了改变一下；roundtheclock昼夜不停地，不知疲倦地。由ambulance以及后面的“haulingpeopletrappedinthebuildingtosafety.把困在楼里的人拉到安全的地方”可知急救车昼夜不停地运输被困人员。故D项符合题意。句意：救护车服务不分昼夜地把困在大楼里的人拉到安全的地方。

15.单选题

Theconferencechairmanmadea（

）statementbeforebeginningthemainbusinessoftheafternoonsession.

问题1选项

A.interesting

B.renewable

C.reversible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。interesting“有趣的”；renewable“可再生的”；reversible“可逆的，可撤销的”；preliminary“初步的，开始的”。句意：在开始下午的主要议程之前，会议主席致了开幕词。选项D符合题意。

16.单选题

Thedentist’sconfidentmanner（

）methatIwasinsafehands.

问题1选项

A.insured

B.assured

C.ensured

D.secured

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析题。insure确保，投保；assure保证，担保；ensure确保，使安全；secure保护，使安全。句意：牙医自信的态度使我确信我是由可靠的医生在诊治。选项A和D不符合句意；选项Bassuresb.sth.或assuresb.+that从句，意为使某人确信，符合句意；选项C发用法为ensuresth.tosb.，所以选项B正确。

17.单选题

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccr