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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-仰恩大学考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thecarshandlewellandhaveastrikingdesign,with“butterfly”doorsthat_______upandopen.

问题1选项

A.switch

B.sweep

C.swing

D.swell

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.switch(使)改变,转变B.sweep打扫,清扫

C.swing(使)摆动,摇摆D.swell(使)凸出,鼓出

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词butterfly,可知车门的设计就像蝴蝶一样,结合后面andopen,可知横线处指的是车门打开的方式,swing符合语境,因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】这款车操作良好,设计引人注目,它的蝴蝶门可以向上摇,然后打开。

2.单选题

Manycompaniesare()toinvestinnanotechnologyresearch,fearingtheexposuretolegalactionthatcouldresultifonedayatechnologyisdeemeddangerous.

问题1选项

A.hesitant

B.constant

C.luxuriant

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】句意:许多公司对投资纳米技术研究犹豫不决,担心有朝一日某项技术被认为是危险的,可能会受到法律诉讼。

考查形容词辨析。hesitant犹豫的,畴躇的;constant不变的,恒定的,经常的;luxuriant繁茂的,丰富的,奢华的,肥沃的;coherent连贯的,一致的,凝聚性的,粘在一起的。故A符合句意。

3.单选题

HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedtoapplytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

问题1选项

A.persuaded

B.todoherdoctorate

C.applyto

D.oftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】固定短语误用。applyto改为applyfor。applyto适用于…,应用于…。applyfor申请,请求。题干意思事"申请中国科学院的研究生”,故需要改为applyfor。

4.单选题

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirst(

),andcommitmenttopeopleyourleastconcern,youhavefailededucation.

问题1选项

A.potentiality

B.priority

C.superiority

D.responsibility

【答案】B

【解析】potentiality潜力,可能性;priority优先权,优先考虑的事;superiority优越,优势;responsibility责任,职责,义务。句意:如果利润和金钱是你最优先考虑的事,而对他人的承诺是你最不关心的,那么你的教育就是失败的。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Itisunfairto(

)fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。deduce“推论”;generalize“概括,推广”;minimize“使减到最少;最小化”;transfer“转让,转接”。句意:从这两件事来推断是不公平的,说所有的年轻人都是莽撞的司机。选项A符合题意。

6.写作题

Youarerequiredtowriteabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:“IsitbettertosetupabridgeorawallbetweenChinaandthewest?”

【答案】Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andwiththechangeofpeople’sidea,theworldisglobalizedincreasingly.Peopleareconfrontedwithanewinternationallifethatexchangesbetweenpeople,whetheritisbusinesstradeorsocialactivities,becomemorethanbefore.Thesamesituationwindsupbetweencountries.Inmyopinion,itisbettertosetupabridgebetweenChinaandthewest.

Abridgenotonlymakeslifemoreconvenient;itcouldalsobeasymbolofcommunication,understandingandfriendship.Therearevariousfactorsbadlyneededtobuilda“bridge”forChinaandthewest.Firstly,Chinaneedstoknowmoreaboutthewest,andthewestneedstoknowmoreaboutChina.Foranycountryintheworld,thepastalwaysholdsthekeytothepresentandthepresentisalwaysrootedinthepast.Furthermore,onlywhenweknowwhereacountryhascomefrom,couldwepossiblyunderstandwhythecountryiswhatitistoday,andonlythencouldwerealizeinwhichdirectionitisheading.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Chinaandthewestenabletotakemeasurestobuildabridgeinthisrespect.Foronething,theneedofbothsidestobuildabridgeofcommonculturalprosperitylinksthetwomajorcivilizationsofChinaandthewest.ChinarepresentstheEasterncivilizationinanimportantway,whilethewestisthebirthplaceoftheWesterncivilization.Foranother,theybothneedtobuildabridgeofeconomicgrowthandprosperity.Chinaisoneofthemostimportantmajoreconomiesintheworldandthewesthasmanybigmarkets.Wemustupholdopenmarket,speedupnegotiationsontheinvestmentagreement,andactivelyexplorethepossibilityofafreetradearea.Lastbutnotleast,theybothneedtobuildabridgeofreformandprogress.BothChinaandthewestarepursuingreformsthatareunprecedentedinhumanhistory,andbotharesailingunchartedwaters.Weneedtorespecteachother’spathofreformanddrawuponeachother’sreformexperience.Andweneedtopromoteworlddevelopmentandprogressthroughourreformefforts.

Inconclusion,buildingabridgehasadvantagesandweshouldsetupabridgewiththewest.

7.单选题

Whenthehostessreceivedmycomplimentonhernewcar,sherespondedwithgreatpleasureabouthowthecarisa()buy.

问题1选项

A.modest

B.choice

C.superior

D.eloquent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:modest“谦虚的”;B:choice“精选的”;C:superior“优秀的,出众的”;D:eloquent“意味深长的”。句意:当女主人听到我对她新车的赞美,她高兴地对我讲起来这辆车是如何精心挑选的。结合此处句意,故B为正确答案。

8.单选题

Utopiaisaperfectplace.Itisaplacewithoutwar,hunger,poverty,orcrime.Itisaplacewherethepeopleworktogetherandshare.ThereisnomoneyinUtopiabecausethepeopledonotneedmoney.Theydonothavepersonalpossessionsbecauseeverythingbelongstoeveryone.AllofthepeopleareequalinUtopia,andthelawsareallfair.

Utopiaisnotanewplace.Plato,theancientGreekphilosopher,describedaperfectsocietyinhisfamousdialogueTheRepublic.InPlato'sRepublic,philosopherswerethekings,andeverypersonhadaplaceinthesociety.In1516,SirThomasMorewroteaboutanislandinthePacificOceanwhereeverythingwasperfect.Henamedtheisland“Utopia”.In1872,SamuelButlerwroteanovelaboutaperfectcountrywhichhenamed“Erehwon”.“Utopia”isaGreekwordthatmeans“notaplace”and“Erehwon”istheEnglishword“nowhere”spelledbackwards.

ManypeoplecametotheNewWorldtofindUtopia.TheShakers,areligiousgroup,wantedtolivelikethefirstChristians.TheShakersstartedtheirfirstcommunityinNewYorkin1776.GeorgeRapp,aGermanfarmer,cametotheUnitedStatesin1804tostartaUtopiancommunity.In1815,RappandhisfollowersboughtlandfortheircommunityinHarmony,Indiana,andtheymadethethingstheyneededwithmachines.In1824,theysoldthecommunitytoRobertOwen,whostartedtheUtopiancommunityofNewHarmonythere.InNewHarmony,everythingbelongedtoeveryoneandmenandwomenwereequal,butNewHarmonylastedonlytwoyears.ThenFrancisWrightbeganNashoba,acommunitywherewhitepeopleandblackpeoplecouldliveandworktogether,nearMemphis,Tennessee.Nashobalastedfrom1825to1830.AgroupofintellectualsfoundedBrookFarm,aUtopianfarmingcommunity,in1841.However,theydidnothavemanyfarmingskills,sothefarmclosedin1847.Fouryearslater,JosiahWarrensetupModernTimes,ananarchistcommunitynearNewYorkCity.Itclosedin1857.

Utopiaisaperfectplace,butitisnotarealplace.Most“real”Utopiaslastonlyashorttime.ThisisbecauseeveryonewantstoliveinUtopia,butnooneknowshowtomakeitwork.Asaresult,whenwesaysomethingis“Utopian”today,wemeanthatitisagoodideabutitisnotrealistic.

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat().

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatShakers().

4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatedefinitionof“ananarchistcommunity”?

5.Allthe“Utopias”mentionedinthethirdparagraphlastedonlyabrieftimebecause().

问题1选项

A.whatmakesUtopia

B.howtobuildUtopia

C.theoriginofUtopia

D.theeconomyofUtopia

问题2选项

A.“Utopia”isawordcreatedbyThomasMore

B.“Utopia”hasthesameconceptas“Erehwon”

C.ThomasMorenamedtheisland“Utopia”becausehewasGreek

D.thecharacteristicsofUtopiawerefirstmentionedinTheRepublic

问题3选项

A.foundedthefirstcommunityinNewYork

B.believedthefirstChristiancommunitywasUtopia

C.hadtriedtofindUtopiaonlyinNewYork

D.hadestablishedthefirstrealUtopiaintheworld

问题4选项

A.Acommunitywhosemembersbelieveinsomekindofreligion.

B.Acommunitywherepeopleliveundermuchself-control.

C.Acommunitywhereitsmembersaresupposedtobeequal.

D.Acommunitywhichiseconomicallypoorbutspirituallyrich.

问题5选项

A.themembersdidn'tknowhowtorealizetheideaofUtopia

B.thememberswerenotsatisfiedwiththeideaofUtopia

C.thememberswerenotcapableenoughtobuildacommunity

D.themembersfoundthatUtopiaalsohadshortcomings

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout______.1.第一段主要是关于______。

A.whatmakesUtopiaA.乌托邦的形成

B.howtobuildUtopiaB.如何建立乌托邦

C.theoriginofUtopiaC.乌托邦的起源

D.theeconomyofUtopiaD.乌托邦的经济

【答案】A

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】首先定位原文第一段,第一句指出“乌托邦是一个完美的地方”,然后后面具体描述这个地方是怎样的,是如何美好等这些信息,都是在描述是什么造就了乌托邦,所以第一段主要是关于乌托邦是如何形成的,A项“乌托邦的形成”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“如何建立乌托邦”根据解题思路,该项曲解原文;

C项“乌托邦的起源”是第二段的内容,属于张冠李戴;

D项“乌托邦的经济”没有提及,无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat______.2.从第二段可以推断______。

A.“Utopia”isawordcreatedbyThomasMoreA.“乌托邦”是托马斯•莫尔创造的一个词语

B.“Utopia”hasthesameconceptas“Erehwon”B.“乌托邦”和“埃雷亨”有相同的概念

C.ThomasMorenamedtheisland“Utopia”becausehewasGreekC.托马斯•莫尔把这个岛命名为“乌托邦”,因为他是希腊人

D.thecharacteristicsofUtopiawerefirstmentionedinTheRepublicD.乌托邦的特征在《理想国》中首次被提及

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“1872年,塞缪尔•巴特勒写了一本关于一个完美国家的小说,他将其命名为‘埃雷亨’:‘乌托邦’是一个希腊语单词,意思是‘非真实存在的地方’,而‘埃雷亨’是英语单词‘nowhere’的倒写形式”,这也就是说,“埃雷亨”和“乌托邦”概念相同,都是表示“非真实存在的地方”。所以B项“‘乌托邦’和‘埃雷亨’有相同的概念”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“‘乌托邦’是托马斯•莫尔创造的一个词语”,根据解题思路可知,“乌托邦”是一个希腊词语,所以并不是托马斯•莫尔创造出来的,他只是把岛屿命名为“乌托邦”,该项属于曲解原文;

C项“托马斯•莫尔把这个岛命名为‘乌托邦’,因为他是希腊人”,原文没有提到托马斯•莫尔是希腊人,该项无中生有;

D项“乌托邦的特征在《理想国》中首次被提及”,该段并没有提到乌托邦的特征是首次在《理想国》中提及,该项无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatShakers______.3.从文章中我们可以得知震教徒______。

A.foundedthefirstcommunityinNewYorkA.在纽约建立了第一个社区

B.believedthefirstChristiancommunitywasUtopiaB.认为第一个基督教社区是乌托邦

C.hadtriedtofindUtopiaonlyinNewYorkC.只在纽约寻找乌托邦

D.hadestablishedthefirstrealUtopiaintheworldD.已经建立了世界上第一个真正的乌托邦

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词Shakers定位到第三段,根据第二和第三句“震教徒,一个宗教团体,想要像第一批基督徒一样生活。震教徒于1776年在纽约建立了他们的第一个社区。”由此可以推断出,这个团体认为第一批基督徒所生活的社区是乌托邦,所以才会来到新大陆寻找乌托邦。所以B项“认为第一个基督教社区是乌托邦”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“在纽约建立了第一个社区”,根据解题思路可知,震教徒建立的是属于他们自己团体的第一个社区,并不是纽约市的第一个,该项曲解原文;

C项“只在纽约寻找乌托邦”,他们是在新大陆而不仅仅是在纽约寻找乌托邦,最后是在纽约建立了社区,该项曲解原文;

D项“已经建立了世界上第一个真正的乌托邦”,没有提及,无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatedefinitionof“ananarchistcommunity”?4.下列哪一项可能是“无政府主义社区”最恰当的定义?

A.Acommunitywhosemembersbelieveinsomekindofreligion.A.成员信仰某种宗教的社区。

B.Acommunitywherepeopleliveundermuchself-control.B.一个人们生活在自我控制之下的社区。

C.Acommunitywhereitsmembersaresupposedtobeequal.C.一个成员应该平等的社区。

D.Acommunitywhichiseconomicallypoorbutspirituallyrich.D.一个经济上贫穷但精神上富有的社区。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词ananarchistcommunity可定位到第三段倒数第二句“四年后,乔赛亚•沃伦在纽约市附近建立了一个无政府主义社区”,在这之前所提及的community都是属于乌托邦式的,由此可以推断ananarchistcommunity也属于乌托邦式的社区,而描写前面几个乌托邦式的社区时,对此有描述,如第三段第七和第八句“在新和谐社会,一切都属于所有人,男女平等,但新和谐社会只持续了两年。后来,弗朗西斯•赖特在田纳西州孟菲斯附近创建了纳舒巴社区,在那里白人和黑人可以一起生活和工作。”,由前面对社区的描述我们可以看出,equal这个关键词能够很好的表达出乌托邦的特点,所以C项“一个成员应该平等的社区”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“成员信仰某种宗教的社区”、B项“一个人们生活在自我控制之下的社区”和D项“一个经济上贫穷但精神上富有的社区”在文章中没有相关描述,属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Allthe“Utopias”mentionedinthethirdparagraphlastedonlyabrieftimebecause______.5.第三段提到的所有“乌托邦”都只持续了很短的时间,因为______。

A.themembersdidn’tknowhowtorealizetheideaofUtopiaA.成员们不知道如何实现乌托邦的想法

B.thememberswerenotsatisfiedwiththeideaofUtopiaB.成员们对乌托邦的想法并不满意

C.thememberswerenotcapableenoughtobuildacommunityC.成员们没有足够的能力建立一个社区

D.themembersfoundthatUtopiaalsohadshortcomingsD.成员们发现乌托邦也有缺点

【答案】A

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段第二三句“大多数真正的乌托邦只能维持很短的时间。这是因为每个人都想生活在乌托邦里,但没有人知道如何实现它。”可知,第三段提到的所有“乌托邦”都只持续了很短的时间,因为社区成员不知道如何去实现乌托邦式的生活,A项“成员们不知道如何实现乌托邦的想法”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“成员们对乌托邦的想法并不满意”和D项“成员们发现乌托邦也有缺点”没有提及,无中生有;

C项“成员们没有足够的能力建立一个社区”由解题思路可知,该项曲解原文。

9.单选题

Inthespringof2010,fiscalausteritybecamefashionable.Iusethetermadvisedly:thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.Itwasmorelikeafad,somethingeveryoneprofessedtobelievebecausethatwaswhatthein-crowdwassaying.

Andit’safadthathasbeenfadinglately,asevidencehasaccumulatedthatthelessonsofthepastremainrelevant,thattryingtobalancebudgetsinthefaceofhighunemploymentandfallinginflationisstillareallybadidea.Mostnotably,theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemploymentbecauseitreassuresconsumersandbusinesses;butmultiplestudiesofhistoricalrecord,includingonebytheInternationalMonetaryFund,haveshownthatthisclaimhasnobasisinreality.

Nowidespreadfadeverpasses,however,withoutleavingsomefashionvictimsinitswake.Inthiscase,thevictimsarethepeopleofBritain,whohavethemisfortunetoberuledbyagovernmentthattookofficeattheheightoftheausterityfadandwon’tadmitthatitwaswrong.Britain,likeAmerica,issufferingfromtheaftermathofahousinganddebtbubble.ItsproblemsarecompoundedbyLondon’sroleasaninternationalfinancialcenter:Britaincametorelyontoomuchonprofitsfromwheelinganddealingtodriveitseconomyandonfinancial-industrytaxpaymentstopayforgovernmentprograms.

Over-relianceonthefinancialindustrylargelyexplainswhyBritain,whichcameintothecrisiswithrelativelylowpublicdebt,hasseenitsbudgetdeficitsoarto11percentofGD.P.slightlyworsethantheU.S.deficit.Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.Theoperativewordhereshould,however,be“eventually.”Fiscalausteritywilldepresstheeconomyfurtherunlessitcanbeoffsetbyafallininterestrates.Rightnow,interestratesinBritain,asinAmerica,arealreadyverylow,withlittleroomtofallfurther.Thesensiblething,then,istodeviseaplanforputtingthenation’sfiscalhouseinorder,whilewaitinguntilasolideconomicrecoveryisunderwaybeforewieldingtheax.

Buttrendyfashion,almostbydefinition,isn’tsensibleandtheBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.BoththenewBritishbudgetannouncedonWednesdayandtherhetoricthataccompaniedtheannouncementmighthavecomestraightfromthedeskofAndrewMellon,theTreasurysecretarywhotoldPresidentHerbertHoovertofighttheDepressionbyliquidatingthefarmers,liquidatingtheworkers,anddrivingdownwages.OrifyouprefermoreBritishprecedents,itechoestheSnowdenbudgetof1931,whichtriedtorestoreconfidencebutendedupdeepeningtheeconomiccrisis.

TheBritishgovernment’splanisbold,saythepunditsandsoitis.Butitboldlygoesinexactlythewrongdirection.Itwouldcutgovernmentemploymentby490,000workerstheequivalentofalmostthreemillionlayoffsintheUnitedStatesatatimewhentheprivatesectorisinnopositiontoprovidealternativeemployment.Itwouldslashspendingatatimewhenprivatedemandisn’tatallreadytotakeuptheslack.WhyistheBritishgovernmentdoingthis?Therealreasonhasalottodowithideology:theToriesareusingthedeficitasanexcusetodownsizethewelfarestate.Buttheofficialrationaleisthatthereisnoalternative.

Whathappensnow?MaybeBritainwillgetlucky,andsomethingwillcomealongtorescuetheeconomy.ButthebestguessisthatBritainin2011willlooklikeBritainin1931,ortheUnitedStatesin1937,orJapanin1997.Thatis,prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump.Asalways,thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.

1.The“fiscalausterity”refersto().

2.Bysaying“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth”,theauthormeans().

3.Whatiswrongwiththecurrentgovernment’sfinancialpolicy?

4.BymentioningAndrewMellon,theauthorimpliesthat().

5.Totheauthor,thepracticeoffiscalausteritywillcertainlyleadto().

问题1选项

A.theconsensusamongfinancialadvisers

B.thereductioninexpenditure

C.thesevereeconomicrecession

D.thehighinflationrate

问题2选项

A.balancingbudgetsdoesnothelpwithemployment

B.businesseshavenotimprovedtheiroperation

C.reducingbudgetsisnolongerafadnow

D.fallinginflationhasgivenconsumersconfidence

问题3选项

A.Itcutsfinancial-industrytaxpayments.

B.ItignoresBritain’sfinancialsituation.

C.IthaslaunchedBritainintoanotherslump.

D.ItismadeasaresponsetocrisesinAmerica.

问题4选项

A.theAmericanleadershavemadethesamemistake

B.theTreasurysecretaryignoredtheinterestsofthefarmersandworkers

C.theBritishgovernment’sbudgetplanisseriouslywrong

D.theAmericanleadersgivesubstantialsupporttotheirBritishcounterparts

问题5选项

A.anunexpectedrecovery

B.improvedemployment

C.renewedconfidence

D.arepeatedrecession

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段,“thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.”,可知第一句中的fiscalausterity等同于这里的balancebudgets。严肃人士之间突然达成的共识是,现在每个人都必须平衡预算,而这种共识并不是基于任何仔细的分析。所以平衡预算需要缩减开支,选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段,“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemployment”,可知自信的神话变成了一种虚构。用来暗示财政紧缩政策并没有帮助经济恢复,而财政赤字实际上能降低失业率,并且在第二段中用大量的事实说明了财政紧缩政策并没带来实际作用。可推断出财政紧缩政策对提高就业率并没有产生帮助。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第四段,“Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.”,可知毫无疑问,英国最终将需要通过削减开支和增加税收来平衡收支。可推断出削减金融业的税收的财政政策是错误的。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段,“theBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.”,可知英国政府似乎忽视了历史的教训。下文用AndrewMellon的荒谬政策加深经济危机的例子来进一步说明英国政府的平衡收支计划是错误的,忽视了历史教训。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段,“prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump…thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.”,可知过早的财政紧缩将导致新一轮的经济衰退,拒绝吸取历史教训的人注定要重蹈覆辙。可判断出作者认为财政紧缩的做法肯定会导致经济衰退重蹈覆辙。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan’tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.ThepeopleofquakeruinedKobe(神户)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodsraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtillwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggedbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.So,findingoneall-purposewarningsignisimpossible.Onereason:Quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan’tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults(断层).Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreasFault(圣安得列斯断层).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researchersrancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderatesizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake’senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthquakewillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquakeproofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor’sfocusinPara.3ison______.

3.It’simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe______.

问题1选项

A.Lastweek’squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists’abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled.

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

问题2选项

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures3.It’simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause______.

问题3选项

A.scientistscan’tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it’shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

问题4选项

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingsurviveanyearthquake

C.buildingsinNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe______.

问题5选项

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes:CanWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can’tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于神户,下面哪个陈述是正确的?”。第一段最后一句提到ThepeopleofquakeruinedKobe(神户)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.(上周遭受地震灾害的神户人了解到这个宣称错的多么离谱)可知,神户上周发生了地震;结合文章第三段最后一句BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.(神户地震和1994年的北岭地震都发生在小断层上)可知,A项“上周的地震发生在小断层上”正确;B项“那里的人们相信科学家预测地震的能力”与原文相反;根据倒数第三段最后两句Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.(它们可能会摇晃,但地震也意外地削弱了它们钢骨架的关节。如果摇晃的时间更长或更强烈,建筑物可能会倒塌。)可知,C项“地震导致建筑物摇晃,而不是倒塌”错误;由文章最后一句话Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthquakewillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitored(但可以肯定的是,下一次地震将再次证明,不可能每一个断层都被监测到)可知,D项“可以预测到的是由于更多的研究,每一个断层都可以监测到”表述错误。因此,该题选择A项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第三段中作者的重点是……”。根据第三段第一句Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.(即使发现了地震前兆,也不可能在所有危险的地震之前警告人类)和第三句Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.(不可能把监测仪器都放在小断层上面)可以推知,想要预测地震是不可能的,因此B项“预测地震的不可能性”正确;A项“需要更多的研究”、C项“更强结构的设计和地震前兆的发现”和D项“建造完全抗震的结构的不可能性”在该段都没有提到。因此,该题选择B项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在地震中避免损害是不可能的,因为……”。由文章第二段最后一句Quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan’tstudythemdirectly.(地震发生在地球深处,所以科学家不能直接研究它们)可知,A项“科学家不能直接研究发生在地球深处的地震”正确;由第四段第二句Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures(尽管在过去的10到15年里,地震工程有了显著的进步,但每一次新的地震都揭示出“抗震”结构意想不到的弱点)可知,B项“很难建造完美的抗震结构”正确;由第三段第三句Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.(不可能把监测仪器都放在小断层上面)可知,C项“仪器不能放置在所有的小断层上”也符合原文。因此,该题选择D项“以上所有”正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“这篇文章暗示……”。根据第四段第二句Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15year,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quakeresistant”structures(尽管在过去的10到15年里,地震工程有了显著的进步,但每一次新的地震都揭示出“抗震”结构意想不到的弱点)可知,D项“地震工程已经改进到足以使结构抵御地震”错误;由第五段中的Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.(但此后工程师们在幸存的120座钢框架建筑中发现了隐藏的问题。这些结构应该随地球摇摆而不是坍塌。)可知,B项“钢框架建筑可以在任何地震中存活下来”也错误;第五段第一句提到well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse(建造良好的建筑物通常不会倒塌),但是A项“直立很好的结构不会倒塌”没有提及;由IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse…Theymayhaveswayed,butthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.(另一方面,在北岭地震中,建造良好的建筑物通常不会倒塌……它们可能会摇晃,但地震也意外地削弱了它们钢骨架的关节。如果摇晃的时间更长或更强烈,建筑物可能会倒塌。)可推断,C项“北岭的建筑物可能会在更强的地震中倒塌”符合题意。因此,该题选择C项正确。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是……”。这篇文章主要讲的是人类就目前的情况而言无法准确预测地震以及无法非常有效的控制地震的问题;A项“自然是人类无法控制的”范围太大,故不选;C项“预测和抑制地震的新方法和更强的结构”太片面;D项“难道我们不能预测地震吗?”不符合文意,故排除;只有B项“地震:我们能控制它们吗?”符合文章的主旨大意。因此,该题选择B项正确。

11.单选题

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwastho

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