考研考博-英语-佛山科学技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-佛山科学技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery（）forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.

问题1选项

A.hostile

B.anxious

C.tedious

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。hostile敌对的;anxious焦虑的;tedious单调乏味的,沉闷的;obscure模糊的,隐蔽的。句意：对于19世纪的工厂工人来说,一周工作80个小时,几乎没有什么乐趣,生活一定很乏味。选项C更符合句意。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Friendshipisbothasourceofpleasureandcomponentofgoodhealth.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsnaturallyenjoytheircompany.Ofequalimportancearetheconcreteemotionalbenefitstheyderive.Whensomethingsensationalhappenstous,sharingthehappinessoftheoccasionwithfriendsintensifiesourjoy.Conversely,intimesoftroubleandtension,whenourspiritsarelow,unburdeningourworriesandfearstocompassionatefriendalleviatesthestress.Moreover,wemayevengetsomepracticalsuggestionsforsolvingaparticularproblem.

【答案】友谊既是快乐的源泉又是健康的要素。有好友的人们总是喜欢友人的陪伴。同样重要的是，人们能够从友谊那里获得实实在在的情感方面的益处。当有好事发生的时候，与朋友分享这份快乐会使你的快乐加倍。相反地，当我们身处麻烦和压力当中，情绪低落的时候，向朋友倾诉忧虑和恐惧会减轻你的压力。而且，我们甚至还可以从朋友那里获得实用的建议来解决特定的问题。

3.单选题

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（

）toheartattack.

问题1选项

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。prone“有…倾向的，易于…的”；disposed“有...倾向的”；infectious“传染的”；accessible“易接近的”。句意：医生们在对易于患心脏病的病人进行外科手术时，热衷于使用激光作为手术工具。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

问题1选项

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。Thefirstpeople是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C项用的现在完成时，表示从过去到现在，时态不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是发生在过去，与后面“aimedat”过去时保持一致，用see的一般过去式即可，句意：最早看到氨迹象的人们还以为是分光镜里面的一条明亮的黄线，当时他们正用分光镜对准太阳，因此A正确。

5.翻译题

Directions:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceontheAnswerSheet.

Thisgreaterinterdependenceisnotlimitedtothefinancialsector.Thenewchallengesoftodayareglobalinnatureandtherefore,theydemandaglobalresponse.Thisappliestoissuessuchasclimatechange,eneigysecurity,terrorismprevention,traffickingandorganizedcrime.Wecannolongermeetthesechallengesbyclosingthedoorandsimplylookingafterourownhouse.Instead,wemustreachoutandseekcooperation,wherevercooperationismoreeffective.Theworldiscurrentlywitnessingthebroadestanddeepestwaveofglobalizationeverproducinggreatopportunitiesbutalsosomerisks.GlobalizationhashelpedhundredsofmillionsfrompovertyandprovidedbusinesseswiththepossibilitytoinvestandexpandabroaD.Butthosesamebusinessesknowthattheycannolongerliveonpastachievements.Whenwespeakofglobalization,itisimportanttounderstandthatopennessandinterdependencearetherulesofthegame.

Ourcooperationinthefightagainstclimatechangeisparticularlyimportant.Weallknowthatclimatechangeisreal,thatitiscausedbyhumanactivity,andthatitsconsequencesareuniversalandwillbefeltfirstandforemostbythepoorest.Itwillservelittlepurposeifothercountriesdonotjoinincommonaction.Yes,thereisacosttoreducingemissions,butthecostofglobalwarmingandnotjustinthelongtermisgoingtobefarhigher,includingforChina.

【答案】我们之间日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融领域。今天我们实际面临的许多新挑战都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同应对。这其中包括了气候变化、能源安全、制止恐怖主义、贩卖毒品和有组织犯罪等。我们已经不能以关起门来独善其身的方式应对这些挑战。相反，我们必须伸出双手寻求合作，因为合作能够更有效地解决这些问题。世界正经历着一波最为广泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，这为我们提供了巨大的机会，但同时也带来了一些风险。全球化已帮助数以亿计的人们摆脱了贫困，并且给企业提供了进行海外投资和扩张的机会。但那些企业也意识到不能够满足于自己过去取得的成就。提到全球化，我们必须清楚公开和相互依存是其游戏的规则。

我们在应对气候变化方面的合作尤其重要。我们现在都认识到气候的变化是实实在在的，这一变化由人类活动引发，其影响是全球性的并且将首先波及最贫困的人口。如果其他国家不参与共同行动，那么，我们的努力将不会产生结果。是的，我们将为减少温室气体排放付出代价，但我们可能在并不遥远的将来为全球变暖付出远高于此的代价，中国也不例外。

6.单选题

Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit（）aswellaswehadhoped.

问题1选项

A.cameoff

B.wentoff

C.broughtout

D.madeout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项comeoff“成功，实现”；B选项gooff“离开，变质”；C选项bringout“出版，生产”；D选项makeout“辨认出，理解”。根据句意：在深谷里建发电站是个大胆的想法，但结果与我们原来所希望的一样。也就说，这个想法得到实现，所以选项A符合语境。

7.单选题

Iamnotcertain（）totake.

问题1选项

A.inrespecttowhichcourses

B.aboutwhichcourses

C.astothechoiceofwhichcourses

D.forwhichcoursesIam

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。becertainabout“对……有把握；确信”。句意：我不确定该选哪些课程。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcentury______theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical.

问题1选项

A.diffuses

B.undermines

C.supports

D.underscores

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项diffuse“扩散，传播”，B项undermine“逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），渐渐破坏”，C项support“支持，帮助，支撑”，D项underscore“强调，划线于……下”。根据句子可知，句子缺少一个谓语动词，由Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovement（积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作）和theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical（这两个运动是敌对的断言）可判断，这两者的关系是“削弱”，B项符合。句意：19世纪晚期，积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作削弱了这两个运动是敌对的论断。因此，该题选择B项。

9.单选题

Piratedcompactdisksandfloppydisksremainedthesecondbiggestvehicleforthespreadofcomputervirusesdespitethegovernments’determinedeffortstoquashsoftwarepiracy.

问题1选项

A.boost

B.prevent

C.crush

D.restrict

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管政府决心……盗版软件，但是盗版光碟和软盘仍然是电脑病毒传播的第二大媒介。boost“使增长，使兴旺”；prevent“预防，阻止”；crush“压碎，捣碎”；restrict“（以法规）限制；约束”。根据后面的“softwarepiracy”可知是“政府打击盗版软件”，推测出划线单词quash的意思是“打击，镇压”，因此选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Thebeliefthatthemindplaysanimportantroleinphysicalillnessgoesbacktotheearliestdaysofmedicine.FromthetimeoftheancientGreekstothebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasgenerallyacceptedbybothphysicianandpatientthatthemindcanaffectthecourseofillness,anditseemednaturaltoapplythisconceptinmedicaltreatmentsofdisease.Afterthediscoveryofantibiotics,anewassumptionarosethattreatmentofinfectiousorinflammatorydiseaserequiresonlytheeliminationoftheforeignorganismoragentthattriggerstheillness.Intherushtodiscoverantibioticsanddrugsthatcurespecificinfectionsanddiseases,thefactthatthebody’sownresponsescaninfluencesusceptibilitytodiseaseand-itscoursewaslargelyignoredbymedicalresearchers.

Itisironicthatresearchintoinfectiousandinflammatorydiseasefirstled20th-centurymedicinetorejecttheideathatthemindinfluencesphysicalillness,andnowresearchinthesamefield—includingtheworkofourlaboratoriesandofourcollaboratorsattheNationalInstitutesofHealth一isprovingthecontrary.Newmolecularandpharmacologicaltoolshavemadeitpossibleforustoidentifytheintricatenetworkthatexistsbetweentheimmunesystemandthebrain，anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly.Chemicalsproducedbyimmunecellssignalthebrain,andthebraininturnsendschemicalsignalstorestraintheimmunesystem.Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress.Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetworkinanyway,whetherinheritedorthroughdrugs,toxicsubstancesorsurgery,exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders.

Theclinicalsignificanceofthesefindingsislikelytoproveprofound.Theyholdthepromiseofextendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies,andviceversa.Theyalsohelptosubstantiatethepopularlyheldimpression(stilldiscountedinsomemedicalcircles)thatourstateofmindcaninfluencehowwellweresistorrecoverfrominfectiousorinflammatorydiseases.

Thebrain’sstressresponsesystemisactivatedinthreateningsituations.Theimmunesystemrespondsautomaticallytopathogensandforeignmolecules.Thesetworesponsesystemsarethebody’sprincipalmeansformaintaininganinternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis.Asubstantialproportionofhumancellularmachineryisdedicatedtomaintainingit.

Whenhomeostasisisdisturbedorthreatened,arepertoireofmolecular,cellularandbehavioralresponsescomesintoplay.Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate.Theycanbespecifictotheforeigninvaderoraparticularstress,ortheycanbegeneralizedandnonspecificwhenthethreattohomeostasisexceedsacertainthreshold.Theadaptiveresponsemaythemselvesturnintostressorscapableofproducingdisease.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease.

1.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtosuggestthat（）

2.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemind-bodyinteractionindisease?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutclinicalsignificanceofthenewfindingscanbebest

supportedbythepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.Accordingtothepassage,inordertomaintainaninternalsteadystatecalledhomeostasis,（

）.

问题1选项

A.ithasalwaysbeenthebeliefofbothphysicianandpatientthatone’sstateofmindcanaffectphysicaldisease

B.thepopularbeliefthatstressexacerbatesinflammatoryillnesshasalwaysbeendiscreditedbythedoctors

C.thediscoveryofantibioticsshedslightonpeople’sunderstandingofthemind-bodyinteractionindisease

D.thereisanewunderstandingofthecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem

问题2选项

A.Thebrainandimmunesystemssendsignalstoeachother.

B.Theimmuneandcentralnervoussystemsareorganizedinverydifferentwaystoaffectthecourseofillness.

C.Disruptionofthecommunicationofthebrainandimmunesystemcancurecertaindisease.

D.Theimmunesystemandthebrainsharealotofhormonestofacilitatetheircommunication.

问题3选项

A.Theresponsivenesstostressisgeneticallydetermined.

B.Thetreatmentofimmunemaladiescanbeconsciouslycontrolled.

C.Psychoactivedrugsmayinsomecasesbeusedtotreatinflammatorydiseases.

D.Socialinteractionscanlessenpsychologicalstressandalterimmuneresponses.

问题4选项

A.Takingthecureatamountainsanatoriumdoesn’tworkforthetreatmentformanychronicdiseases.

B.Therelaxingeffectsofhot-springsspacanhelprestorethecommunicationbetweenthebrainandimmunesystem.

C.Thedisruptionofthebrain’sstressresponsereducesthebody’sresponse.

D.Depressionisalsoassociatedwithinflammatorydisease.

问题5选项

A.sometimesthestressresponseneedstogototheextreme

B.thestressresponsehastobartheforeignpathogensfromthebody

C.boththestressandimmuneresponsesneedtoberegulated

D.theimmunesystempromotesphysiologicalandbehavioralchanges

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。题干：这篇文章提供的信息表明了_____。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Wearejustbeginningtounderstandtheinterdependenceofthebrainandtheimmunesystem,howtheyhelptoregulateandcounter-regulateeachotherandhowtheythemselvescanmalfunctionandproducedisease”可知，我们才刚刚开始了解大脑和免疫系统之间的相互依赖关系，它们是如何帮助彼此调节和反调节的，以及它们自身是如何失灵和产生疾病的。由此可知人们对大脑和免疫系统之间的关系有了新的认识。因此D选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：下列哪一项最能说明疾病中的身心互动？Themind-bodyinteraction对应文章第二段的theimmunesystemandthebrain，文中提到“anetworkthatallowsthetwosystemstosignaleachothercontinuouslyandrapidly”，可知A选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：关于新发现的临床意义，下列哪一项陈述能最好地得到这篇文章的支持？文章第三段第一句提到“signigicance”,后句中“…extendingtherangeoftherapeutictreatmentsavailableforvariousdisorders,asdrugspreviouslyknowntoworkprimarilyfornervoussystemproblemsareshowntobeeffectiveagainstimmunemaladies...”正好对应C选项内容。因此C选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断出下列哪个陈述？A和B选项与本文无关。第二段提到“Thesesamechemicalsignalsalsoaffectbehaviorandtheresponsetostress”，说明有影响，但C选项中的reduce并不能体现。第二段最后一句“Disruptionofthiscommunicationnetwork…exacerbatesthediseasesthatthesesystemsguardagainst:infectious,inflammatory,autoimmune,andassociatedmooddisorders”正说明精神状况对于疾病的影响，因此D选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，为了保持一种叫做内稳态的内部稳定状态______。根据题干定位到文章第四段第三句，根据第五段中“Theseresponsesattempttocounteractthedisturbingforcesinordertoreestablishasteadystate”可知为了维持人体内部的平衡，应激反应必须将外来病原体从体内消除。因此B选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Scienceisbasedonexperiment，onawillingnessto（）olddogma,onanopennesstoseetheuniverseasitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.encounter

B.convert

C.challenge

D.formulate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。encounter“偶然遇见”；convert“转换”；challenge“挑战”；formulate“规划”。句意：科学是基于实验的，愿意去挑战老教条，以开放的眼光去探求宇宙的本质。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Therewasnotasinglepersonthere（

）thoughtyouwereright.

问题1选项

A.whom

B.as

C.but

D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词的用法。But用作连词，放在否定词或疑问词之后，作从属关系，表示否定意义，相当于thatnot。选项C符合题意。句意：那里没有一个人认为你是错的。

13.单选题

Whileafullunderstandingofwhatcausesthediseasemaybeseveralyearsaway,（

）leadingtoasuccessfultreatmentcouldcomesooner.

问题1选项

A.adistinction

B.aninterpretation

C.abreakthrough

D.anidentification

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管要完全了解这种病的病因可能还需要几年时间，但成功治疗此病的突破性的进展却可能来得更快。

考查名词辨析。Distinction荣誉,差别,优秀;interpretation解释,阐释;breakthrough突破,突破性进展;identification鉴定,辨认,确认。根据题干关键词while可知句子前后形成对比关系。C项与前面句意形成对比关系。故选C。

14.填空题

Directions:Inthispart,youwillreadapassage.Thenusingwordsorphrasesfromthepassagefillintheboxesinthefollowingdiagramtoindicatethepossiblesequencesofeventsbeforeandafteranearthquake.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

1.Everyyearearthquakesareresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavastamountofdestructioninvariouspartsoftheworld.MostofthesedamagingearthquakesoccureitherinanarrowbeltwhichsurroundsthePacificOceanorinalinewhichextendsfromBurmatotheAlpsinEurope.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Anexampleofthisisthecollapseofbuildingsasaresultofvibration.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslides,tsunamis(largeoceanwaves)ormajorfireswhichareinitiatedbythequake.

2.Thereareaboutamillionquakesayear.Fortunately,however,notallofthemaredestructive.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterScale,whichgoesfrom0upward.Thehighestmagnituderecordedtodateis8.9.Majordamagegenerallyoccursfromquakesrangingupwardsfrom6.0.Exceptionstothisarethosewhoseepicentersarelocatedfarfrominhabitedareas.

3.Theactualcauseofthequakeitselfistherupturingorbreakingofrocksatorbelowtheearth’ssurface.Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.

4.Inordertominimizethedamageandtoalleviatesomeofthesufferingresultingfromearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth;bymeansofcalculationsseismologistscanaccuratelyindicatetheexacttime,locationandsizeofanearthquake.Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.

【答案】66.pressure

67.seismographs

68.shakingoftheearth

69.tiltmeters

70.changesinthetiltoftheland

【解析】66.根据第三段最后一句Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.（这是由科学家认为可能是由许多原因造成的压力产生的，其中两个是地壳的膨胀和收缩以及大陆漂移。），由此可知expansionandcontractionoftheearth（地壳的膨胀和收缩）和continentaldrift（大陆漂移）是pressure(压力)。

67.根据第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于实现这一目标的仪器有地震仪和倾斜仪。）可知，空格应填入seismographs。

68.根据第四段第三句Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth（地震仪是用来记录地壳的任何震动）可知，空格应填入shakingoftheearth。

69.根据第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于实现这一目标的仪器有地震仪和倾斜仪。）可知，空格应填入tiltmeters。

70.根据第四段最后一句Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.（倾斜仪，顾名思义，是用来记录土地倾斜的任何变化。）可知，空格应填入changesinthetiltoftheland。

15.单选题

Youhavetobecarefulwiththedisposalofthechemical.Toxicchemicalsmay（）thesoil,threateningtheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.permeate

B.intrude

C.trespass

D.seep

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。permeate渗透，弥漫；intrude侵入，闯入；trespass非法侵入；seep（液体）渗透，渗漏。前一句提到要小心处理化学药品，后一句说明了原因，因为这些有毒化学品可能会渗透到土壤中…。有毒化学品有可能是液体也可能是固体，所以A项符合题意。句意：你必须小心处理这些化学药品。有毒化学物质可能会渗透到土壤中，威胁环境。

16.单选题

Everyoneinterviewedhadbeen（

）tounfairtreatment.

问题1选项

A.subjected

B.adjusted

C.devoted

D.entitled

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。subject“使……隶属；使屈从于……”；adjust“调整，使……适合”；devote“致力于；奉献”；entitle“定名为……；使……有权利”。根据后面的unfairtreatment(不公平待遇)可推测空格处应该填入一个带有贬义的词，besubjectto是一个固定词组，意思是“遭受”，选项A符合题意。句意：每个被采访的人都遭遇过不公平的对待。

17.单选题

Parkinson’sdisease,firstdescribedintheearly1800sbyBritishphysicianJamesParkinsonasshakingpalsy”，isamongthemostprevalentneurologicaldisorders.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,atleastfourmillionpeopleworldwidehaveit；inNorthAmerica,estimatesrunfrom500,000toonemillion,withabout500,000diagnosedeveryyear.Thesefiguresareexpectedtodoubleby2040astheworld’selderlypopulationgrows；indeed,Parkinson’sandotherneurodegenerativeillnessescommonintheelderly(suchasAlzheimer’sandamyotrophiclateralsclerosis)areontheirwaytoovertakingcancerasaleadingcauseofdeath.Butthediseaseisnotentirelyoneoftheaged:50percentofpatientsacquireitafterage60；theotherhalfareaffectedbeforethen.Furthermore,betterdiagnosishasmadeexpertsincreasinglyawarethatthedisordercanattackthoseyoungerthan40.Sofarresearchersandclinicianshavefoundnowaytoslow,stoporpreventParkinson’s.Althoughtreatmentsdoexist—includingdrugsanddeep-brainstimulation—thesetherapiesalleviatesymptoms,notcauses.Inrecentyears,however,severalpromisingdevelopmentshaveoccurred.Inparticular,investigatorswhostudytheroleproteinsplayhavelinkedmiscreantproteinstogeneticunderpinningsofthedisease.Suchfindingsarefeedingoptimismthatfreshanglesofattackcanbeidentified.

Asits19th-centurynamesuggests—andasmanypeopleknowfromtheeducationaleffortsofprominentParkinson’ssuffererssuchasJanetReno,MuhammadAliandMichaelJ.Fox—-thediseaseischaracterizedbymovementdisorders.Tremorinthehands,armsandelsewhere,limbrigidity,slownessofmovement,andimpairedbalanceandcoordinationareamongthedisease’shallmarks.Inaddition,somepatientshavetroublewalking,talking,sleeping,urinatingandperformingsexually.

Theseimpairmentsresultfromneuronsdying.Althoughthevictimcellsaremanyandfoundthroughoutthebrain,thoseproducingtheneurotransmitterdopamineinaregioncalledthesubstantianigraareparticularlyhard-hit.Thesedopaminergicnervecellsarekeycomponentsofthebasalganglia,acomplexcircuitdeepwithinthebrainthatfine-tunesandco-ordinatesmovement.Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsinthesubstantianigra,eventhoughitcannotreplacethedeadcells.Butwhenhalformoreofthesespecializedcellsdisappear,thebraincannolongercoverforthem.Thedeficitthenproducesthesameeffectthatlosingairtrafficcontroldoesatamajorairport.Delays,falsestarts,cancellationsand,ultimately,chaospervadeaspartsofthebraininvolvedinmotorcontrol—thethalamus,basalgangliaandcerebralcortex—nolongerfunctionasanintegratedandorchestratedunit.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutParkinson’sdiseasecanbebestsupportedbythepassage?

2.TheauthorofthepassagesuggeststhatthedevelopmentsinthestudyofParkinson’sdiseasecanhelp________.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whatcausesParkinson’sdisease?

4.JanetRenoandMichaelJ.Foxarementionedinthepassagebecause().

5Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto().

问题1选项

A.Parkinson’sdiseasewillbecomeoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathfortheoldpeople.

B.Parkinson’sdiseaseisnotentirelyoneoftheaged,ashalfofthepatientsareyoungpeople.

C.Parkinson’sdiseasefirstappearedinthe19thcentury.

D.Parkinson’sdiseaseisaneurologicaldisorder,butnotyetaneurodegenerativeillness.

问题2选项

A.preventParkinson’s

B.alleviatethecausesofParkinson’s

C.findnewavenuesfortreatmentofParkinson’s

D.cureParkinson’s

问题3选项

A.Thedopaminergicnervecellsareimpairedbythevictimcells.

B.Thedopaminergicnervecellscannolongerco-ordinatemovement.

C.Therearetumorsinthebrain.

D.Therearenotenoughdopaminergicneuronsinthebrain.

问题4选项

A.theywereexpertsonParkinson’sdisease

B.theymadegreateffortstofightParkinson’sdisease

C.theysucceededinfightingParkinson’sdisease

D.theywerewell-knownsufferersofParkinson’sdisease

问题5选项

A.analyzewhatcausesParkinson’sdisease

B.demonstratehowtopreventParkinson’sdisease

C.warntheyoungpeopleofthedangerofParkinson’sdisease

D.presentnewmovementsinthestudyofParkinson’sdisease

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：以下关于帕金森病的陈述中，哪一项最能得到文章的支持？原文第一段第一句提到了Parkinson’sdisesase,加上“first“、”described”等关键词，发现与C选项对应，因此C选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：这篇文章的作者认为，帕金森病研究的进展可以帮助______。由development定位到文章第二段，最后一句提到“Suchfindingsarefeedingoptimismthatfreshanglesofattackcanbeidentified”，说明帕金森病研究的进展在于寻找治疗帕金森病的新途径，因此C选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：根据本文，帕金森病的病因是什么?在发现题干无法帮助定位的情况下，可以分析选项，找关键词定位。由三个选项中都出现的dopaminergic可定位到文章最后一段，“Butwhenhalformoreofthesespecializedcellsdisappear,thebraincannolongercoverforthem”，该句中的“thebraincannolongercoverforthem”指向帕金森病，前面的内容“halformorethesespecializedcellsdisappear”就是答案。因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：JanetReno和MichaelJ.Fox在文中被提到是因为？根据人名定位到文章第三段第一句，他们的身份是“prominentParkinson’ssufferers”，与D选项对应。因此D选项符合题意。

5.主旨题。题干：这篇文章的主要目的是_______。本文主要介绍了帕金森病研究的新进展，因此D选项符合题意。

18.单选题

（

）thereislittlewecandotomodifytheweather,wecanatleastknowwhatkindofweathertoexpect.

问题1选项

A.Since

B.When

C.While

D.Unless

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这句话空格同样考查状语从句中关系副词的用法和含义。从句的意思是“我们在改变天气方面无能为力”，和后句“我们至少知道天气未来的变化”存在转折关系，分析四个选项，选项A表示原因关系，选项D表示让步条件关系，选项B可以表示时间条件关系，而while除了表示时间条件关系还可以表示转折。句意为：尽管我们在改变天气方面无能为力，但我们至少知道天气未来的变化。故正确答案选C。

19.单选题

Toabsorbayoungerworkforce,manycompaniesofferedretirementplansasincentivesforolderworkerstoretireandmakewayfortheyoungeroneswhoearnedlowersalaries.

问题1选项

A.rewards

B.opportunities

C.motives

D.stimuli

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。incentive“激励；奖励；诱因”；A选项reward“奖励；奖赏”；B选项opportunity（其复数形式为opportunities）“时机，机会”；C选项motive“动机，目的”；D选项stimuli（其为stimulus的复数形式）“激励；刺激；促进因素”。句意：为了吸收更年轻的劳动力，许多公司推出了退休计划，以激励年龄较大的员工退休，为工资较低的年轻员工让路。根据句中“retirementplans退休计划”可知incentive在这里的意思应为“激励”，因此D选项正确。

20.单选题

Heappearstobe（）.

问题1选项

A.withillness

B.ofill

C.ill

D.illy

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查动词用法。appeartobe加名词或者形容词，意为看起来，像，似乎。句意：他似乎是生病了。因此，C选项符合句意。

21.单选题

Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.

Incertaincases,awomancoulddrawuponthefolkwisdomandremediesshehadlearnedbackhome;Westernmosquitoes,forexample,provedtobeasrepelledbyapasteofvinegarandsaltasweretheirEasterncousins.Moreoften,however,awomanwasguidedonlybyherowningenuityinconcoctingtonics,powders,poisons,andpolishesfromwhatevershehadathand;saltmadeapassabletoothpaste;gunpowderwasappliedtowarts,andturpentine(松节油)toopencuts;goosegrease,skunkoil,andtheever-presentlardwerebasicliniments;medicalteasandtonicswerebrewedfromsunflowerseedsandroots.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whyweredoctorsinthewestsometimesunabletohelptheirpatients?

32.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutpatentmedicines?

33.ItcanbeinferredthatmostofthepioneersreferredtointhepassagewereoriginallyfromwhereintheUnitedStates?

34.AllofthefollowingwerementionedinthepassageasbeingencounteredbythepioneersEXCEPT（）.

35.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinordertosurviveintheWest,thepioneershadtobe（）.

问题1选项

A.Theydidnotknowhowtotreattheunfamiliarillnesses.

B.Theyweremoreinterestedinestablishingpracticesinthecities.

C.Theyweremoreconcernedwithdoingresearchthanwithtreatingpatients.

D.Theywereoftenovercomebydiseasescaughtfromtheirpatients.

问题2选项

A.Theydonotcostmuch.

B.Theyhelpedhealsnakebites.

C.Theydidnotworkverywell.

D.Theyhasastrongtaste.

问题3选项

A.Thedesert

B.TheWest

C.ThestateofMississippi

D.TheEast

问题4选项

A.arrowwounds

B.severefrostbite

C.desertsunburn

D.rattlesnakebites

问题5选项

A.sincere

B.young

C.resourceful

D.rich

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.客观细节题。根据原文Evenwhendoctorswereavailable,theywereoftennomoreknowledgeablethantheirpatients.（即使有医生，他们也常常像他们的病人一样缺乏知识。）故A选项“他们不知道如何治疗他们不熟悉的疾病”正确。B选项“他们对在城市建立业务更感兴趣”，C选项“他们更关心做研究而不是治疗病人”，D选项“他们经常对他们病人的疾病无可奈何”不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

32.客观细节题。根据原文Andmostpatentmedicineswerenomorereliablethantheitinerantmerchantswhosoldthem.（大多数专利药和卖专利药的流动商人的药品一样，都不可靠。）所以我们可以推理出专利药的效果难以保证。C选项“它们的效果不太好。”正确。A选项“它们不贵”，B选项“它们对治疗蛇咬伤有帮助”，D选项“它们味道很重”都不符合原文。故选C。

33.推理判断题。定位在第二段第一句，提示词learnbackhome（从家学习到的），可以在下半句找到答案，theirEasterncousins（她们东部的表兄弟们）可推理出她们来自美国的东部地区。A选项Thedesert“沙漠”；B选项Thewest“西部”；C选项ThestateofMississippi“密西西比州”，首句Asprotectorofherfamily’shealth,thepioneerwomanconfrontedsituationssheneverimaginedbeforecrossingtheMississippi.Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.（作为她家庭健康的守护者，这位开拓者在穿越密西西比州之前遇到了她从未想象过的情况。很少有妇女来西部就准备好了应对沙漠晒伤、响尾蛇的咬伤或箭伤的。）由此可排除AB选项，C选项为干扰项，文中只说了穿越了密西西比并没有直接说明来自那里。故选D。

34.客观细节题。根据原文Fewwomencamewestpreparedtodealwithdesertsunburn,rattlesnakebites,orarrowwounds.（很少的妇女来到西部，就能够准备应对沙漠晒伤、响尾蛇咬伤或者箭伤的。）A选项“箭伤”，C选项“沙漠晒伤”，D选项“响尾蛇咬伤”在句中都有提及，而B选项“严重的冻伤”并未涉及，故选B。

35.语义推测题。A选项sincere“真诚的”；B选项young“年轻的”；C选项resourceful“有策略的，足智多谋的”；D选项rich“富有的”。从第一段我们知道西部地区是比较