考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学（北京）考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学（北京）考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Parentsusedtohavea（）againstrockandrollintheearly1980’s.

问题1选项

A.prediction

B.prejudice

C.preference

D.prominence

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨折题。prediction预言；prejudice偏见；preference偏爱；prominence显著,

突出。句意：在20世纪80年代初,

父母们就对摇滚乐有偏见。选项B符合句意。

2.翻译题

Thisissupposedtobeanenlightenedage,butyouwouldn’tthinkifyoucouldhearwhattheaveragemanthinksoftheaveragewoman!Womenwontheirindependenceyearsago.Afteralong,bitterstruggle,theynowenjoythesameeducationalopportunitiesasmeninmostpartsoftheworld.(1)Theyhaveprovedrepeatedlythattheyareequalandoftensuperiortomeninalmosteveryfield.Itismen,notwomenwhostillcarryonthesexwarbecausetheirattituderemainsbasicallyhostile.Eveninthemostprogressivesocieties,womencontinuetoberegardedassecond-ratecitizens.Tohearsomementalk,you’dthinkthatwomenbelongedtoadifferentspecies.(2)Thehard-foughtbattleforrecognitionhasbeenwon,butitisbynomeansover.

Onthesurface,thecommentsmadebymenaboutwomen’sabilitiesseemlight-hearted.Thesametiredjokesaboutwomendriversarerepeateddayin,dayout.Thisapparentlight-heartednessdosenotconcealtherealcontemptthatmenfeelforwomen.Howevermuchmensneeratwomen,theirclaimstosuperiorityarenotborneoutbystatistics.(3)Weallknowthatwomencausefarfeweraccidentsthanmen.Theyaretooconscientiousandresponsibletodrivelikemaniacs(疯子).Butthisisaminorquibble.Womenhavesucceededinanyjobyoucaretoname.Aspoliticians,soldiers,doctors,factory-hands,universityprofessors,farmers,companydirectors,lawyers,bus-conductors,scientistsandpresidentsofcountriestheyhaveoftenputmentoshame.Andwemustrememberthattheyfrequentlysucceedbrilliantlyinallthesefieldsinadditiontobearingandrearingchildren.

(4)Yetmengoonmaintainingthefictionthattherearemanyjobswomencan’tdo.Top-levelpoliticalnegotiationbetweencountries,businessandbankingarealmostentirelycontrolledbymen,whojealouslyguardtheirso-called“rights”.EveninotherwiseenlightenedplaceslikeSwitzerlandwomenhaven’tevenbeengiventhecote.

Thetruthisthatmenclingtotheirsupremacybecauseoftheirbasicinferioritycomplex.Theyshunrealcompetition.Theyknowintheirheartsthatwomenaresuperiorandtheyareafraidofbeingbeatenattheirowngame.Oneofthemostimportanttasksintheworldistoachievepeacebetweenthenations.(5)Youcanbesurethatifwomenwereallowedtositroundtheconferencetable,theywouldsucceedbrilliantly,astheyalwaysdo,theremenhavefailedforcenturies.

【答案】1.她们一再证明自己几乎在所有领域都与男性平等，甚至往往优于男性。

2.这场为获得认可而进行的艰苦斗争已经取得胜利，但远未结束。

3.众所周知，女性发生的事故比男性少得多。因为她们开车非常认真负责，不会像疯子一样没有理智。

4.然而，男性仍然坚持认定许多工作女性做不了的假象。

5.可以肯定的是，如果允许女性坐在会议桌旁，在这个男性已经失败了几个世纪的地方，女性会如往常一样取得辉煌的成功。

3.单选题

Thetutortellstheundergraduatethatonecanacquire（）inaforeignlanguagethroughmorepractice.

问题1选项

A.proficiency

B.efficiency

C.efficacy

D.frequency

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项proficiency“精通，熟练”；B选项efficiency“效率，效能，功效”；C选项efficacy“功效，效力”；D选项frequency“频率，频繁”。句意：导师告诉本科生，通过多练习，可以_____一门外语。这里表达的意思是“熟练地掌握一门外语”，因此A选项符合题意。

4.单选题

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.

Thirdly,inthelastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

1.Thispassageprimarilyarguesthat（

）.

2.Thephrase“predisposeto”(Para.1,line3)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.AccordingtoBowlby'sanalysis,itisquitepossiblethat（

）.

4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthesecondparagraphthat.

5.Thewriterconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools

B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschools

C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresenttoschoolbeforetheyarethree

D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhentheyaresenttoschoolaftertheageofthree

问题2选项

A.leadto

B.disposeto

C.getinto

D.tendtosuffer

问题3选项

A.children'spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparents

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren

C.childrenwillbeexposedtomanynegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateron

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybereducedfromchildren’sdevelopment

问题4选项

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage

B.Childreninmodemsocietiescausemoretroublesthanthoseintraditionalsocieties

C.AchilddidnotlivetogetherwithhisparentsamongtheNgoni

D.Childreninsomesocietiesdidnothaveemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromtheparents

问题5选项

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.Itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.Itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.Itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文讨论的是孩子三岁前是否应该去托管所的争议。

2.词义题。第一段中predisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife,根据句意可判断predispose的意思是“易受到”,D项(tendtosuffer)正确。

3.细节题。根据题干定位至第一段:…thatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife(在从出生到三岁这段敏感的“依恋”时期与父母的分离可能会伤及孩子的人格，并在以后的生活中（倾向于）情感问题)。因此C项正确。

4.推断题。定位至第二段:Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.’这句话表明传统社会的父母不会在孩子很小时候和孩子分开，所以A选项错误，而第二句:Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.说明Ngoni父母不会独自抚养他们的孩子，即可推出C选项是正确的。而B项和D项文中没有提到，可以排除。

5.细节题。最后一段:Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy(在三岁或三岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都能轻松地过渡到托儿所),说明作者认为等孩子过了三岁再送去托儿所更合理。

5.问答题

Aconflict(A)wagedtoensurethesurvivalofthehuman(B)speciesisboundtobringhumansclosertogether.Technologicalprogresshasthusprovedtobeadouble-edgedsword,(C)givingrisetoanewformofconflict:a(D)crashbetweenManandNature.

【答案】D；“crash”改为“clash”。

【解析】考查名词。句意：为确保人类生存而进行的斗争必然会使人类更紧密地结合在一起。因此，技术进步被证明是一把双刃剑，引发了一种新的冲突形式:人与自然的冲突。名词“crash”作名词时词义为“（交通工具）坠毁，碰撞声”，而句意为“人与自然的矛盾冲突”，所以将名词“crash”改为“clash”。

6.单选题

WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan___EasternNebraska.

问题1选项

A.in

B.does

C.itreceivesin

D.itdoesin

【答案】B

【解析】考查习惯表达。空格处缺失的内容实际上指receiveslesssnow这件事，在英语中为了避免重复表达，会用助动词do/does/did表示前后一样的动作，根据主干谓语receives为第三人称单数可知应该使用does。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Thelocalgovernmentsubsidizedtheprojecthousingforthepoorofthecity.

问题1选项

A.grantedfundfor

B.supportedwithmanpower

C.mademoneyfrom

D.rejected

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项grantedfundfor“补助资金”；B选项supportedwithmanpower“支援人力”；C选项mademoneyfrom“赚钱”；D选项rejected“拒绝”。句意：当地政府为该市穷人的住房项目提供补贴。划线部分subsidized是补助的意思。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull（）.

问题1选项

A.capacity

B.strength

C.length

D.possibility

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。capacity“能力，容量”；strength“力量，力气”；length“长度”；possibility“可能性”。句意：不出去工作的家庭主妇感到没有充分发挥自己的能力。A项符合题意。

9.单选题

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

问题1选项

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“注意到;意识到;察觉到;”；B选项deceive“欺骗;蒙骗”；C选项conceive“出(主意、计划等);想象;构想”；D选项receive“拿到;接到;收到”。句意：我觉察到他的腿有点瘸，所以我放慢了脚步。根据关键词“所以我放慢了脚步”可知是因为“觉察到”他的腿有点瘸。故选A。

10.单选题

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

问题1选项

A.irresistible

B.irretrievable

C.irremissible

D.irreplaceable

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据句意‘比赛只剩下五分钟了但我们落后四分，所以这场比赛看上去已完全无法挽救了。’可知因为比分悬殊，所以这场比赛的胜利己经无法改变了。A选项irresistible“不可抵抗的”;irretrievable“不能弥补的”；C选项irremissible“无法逃避的”；D选项irreplaceable“不可替代的”。B选项正确。

11.单选题

Ifyoudescribeacollectionofobjects,ideasas______,youmeanthattheyarewide-rangingandcomefrommanydifferentsources.

问题1选项

A.eccentric

B.eclectic

C.elastic

D.elective

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.eccentric古怪的B.eclectic兼收并蓄的，不拘一格的

C.elastic有弹性的，灵活的D.elective选修的

【答案】B

【考查点】形近词辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息“youmeanthattheyarewide-rangingandcomefrommanydifferentsources（你的意思是它们内容广泛，来源多种多样）”，可知这些观念和想法来源多样，范围广泛，所以只有B选项词义具有这样的含义，故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项都不符合句子语义逻辑。

【句意】如果你描述一组物品和想法是兼收并蓄的，你的意思是它们是广泛的，来自许多不同的来源。

12.单选题

HumidityissointenseinsomepartsofthetropicsthatEuropeansfindthattheyareunableto______it.

问题1选项

A.maintain

B.persist

C.endure

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。maintain“维持”；persist“坚持；持续”；endure“忍耐，容忍”；sustain“维持，支撑”。句意：热带部分地区的湿度过于强烈以至于很多欧洲人难以忍受。选项C符合题意。

13.填空题

Direction:Thereisadefectineachofthefollowingsentences,pleaseimprovethesentencesbyrewritingwiththelestmodificationonANSWERSHEET(10%)

Example:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlthateverymanwantstomarry.

Answer:Sharonisnotthetypeofgirlwhomeverymanwantstomarry.

66.Iwillreadtheresearchpaperswhichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudent,beinginhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andwerefishinginvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertoldusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【答案】66.Iwillreadtheresearchpapersfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline.

67.Theprofessorexaminedthestudentinhisofficeatthetime.

68.Aswetraveledaroundthecountry,wesawnaturalwonders,watchedthemovies,andfishedinvariouslakes.

69.Theteachertellsusallstudents,whostudyhardenough,willpasttheexamination.

70.Beforewriting,thatwespendalotoftimeongatheringinformationisessential.

【解析】66.whichfromthetopjournalinmydiscipline应作为定语修饰papers,而which引导定语从句在句中缺乏谓语动词，因此需要去掉which，变成介词短语直接作后置定语。

67.将逗号和being去掉，介词短语inhisofficeatthetime可直接作后置定语修饰thestudent，整个句子会更加简洁。

68.在一个句中出现了以and连接的并列成分，后面的词性、时态均保持一致。故应将werefishing更改为fished，与前面的saw和watched保持一致。

69.考查语法时态，主将从现。从句中使用的是一般将来时表虚拟，主句应该使用一般现在时才符合语法结构。因此需要将主句的谓语动词told改为一般现在时tell，主语是theteacher为第三人单数，故谓语动词的使用应与其保持一致，应改为tells。

70.句中成分完整，但wespendalotoftimeongatheringinformation做主语时，引导词that不可省略。

14.单选题

MargaretMead'sreputationwasestablishedwiththepublicationofherbookin1928andwasenhancedbyhermanysubsequentcontributionstoanthropology.

问题1选项

A.obscured

B.entranced

C.heightened

D.restored

【答案】C

【解析】句意：enhanced意为“提高，增强”。obscured掩盖，遮蔽；entranced着迷的，狂喜的；heightened提高，升高；restored修复，恢复。选项C与之意思相近。

15.单选题

Britishscientistsfindthatthenestinghabitsof20speciesofbirdswiththewarmingtrendoftheearth'satmosphere.

问题1选项

A.conflict

B.coincide

C.adapt

D.approve

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conflictv.冲突，矛盾，斗争；B选项coincidev.—致，符合，同时发生；C选项adaptv.适应于；D选项approvev.批准，赞成，满意。根据句意可知，英国科学家发现二十种鸟类的筑巢习惯与地球大气的温度上升趋势一致。因此，B项符合题意。

16.翻译题

Thepinpricktothecreditbubblecamewiththehousing-sectormeltdowninlate2006.Fromthatpoint,confidenceintheU.Sfinancialsystemeroded,especiallyasthesub-primetoxinseepedintothebanksandbrokeragesaswellasthosepartsoftheinsurancesectorlinkedtomortgages.Withconfidenceinthefinancialsectordeflated,attentionturnedtothecountry’smassivestructuralproblems—along-termimbalancebetweengovernmentexpendituresandrevenues,relatedtoongoingpressurefortaxcuts;therapidlyagingnationaltransportandcommunicationsinfrastructure;andMedicare,MedicaidandSocialSecurity,thecombinedcostofwhichisexpectedtogrow22percentfasterthantheeconomyoverthenextdecade.

【答案】信贷泡沫的小刺来自于2006年末房地产市场的崩溃。从那时起，人们对美国金融体系的信心受到侵蚀，尤其是当次级债的毒素渗入银行和券商以及与抵押贷款相关的保险行业时。随着对金融部门信心的下降，人们的注意力转向了该国巨大的结构性问题——与持续的减税压力相关的政府支出和收入的长期失衡；快速老化的国家交通和通信基础设施；医疗保险（Medicare）、医疗补助（Medicaid）和社会保障（SocialSecurity），这些成本在未来十年的增长速度预计将比经济增长速度快22%。

17.单选题

Agoodrefereehastobe（）__intheoutcomeofafootballgame,orelsehemaytrytomakecallsthatfavoroneteamoveranother.

问题1选项

A.contemporary

B.comely

C.disinterested

D.notorious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的；同时代的”；B选项comely“清秀的，标致的”；C选项disinterested“无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的”；D选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的，否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意，故C选项正确。

18.单选题

Karachiisfamousforitsbroadboulevardsandmanyfinemodernbuildings,includingthoseofUniversityofKarachi.

问题1选项

A.tree-linedstreets

B.mosques

C.highways

D.bridges

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tree-linedstreets“林荫路”；B选项mosques“清真寺”；C选项highways“高速公路”；D选项bridges“桥梁”。句意：卡拉奇以其宽阔的林荫大道和许多漂亮的现代建筑而闻名，包括卡拉奇大学的建筑。划线部分boulevards是林荫大道的意思。因此A选项正确。

19.翻译题

Thereisnoendtotheoriesaboutbodyshapeandpersonality,andthereisnodoubtthatcertainpeoplewithcertainbodiesoftenhaveverypredictablecharacters.However,therearesomeresearcherswhobelievethatthemanyinstancesinwhichbodyandpersonalitygotogetherareduetostereotyping;thatis,weexpectacertaintypeofpersontohavecertaintraits,soweseethosetraitswhethertheyarethereornot.Forexample,muscularpeoplearebelievedtobedominantandforceful,sowetreatthemasleaders.ButsometimestheyareactuallyshyandtimiD.Fatpeoplearesupposedtobehappyandwarmhearted,butinrealitytheycanjustaseasilybedepressedormean.Sometimespeoplewillevenactthewaytheythinkothersexpectthemtoact.Bydoingthat,peoplewillfilltheroleinwhichwepicturethem.

【答案】关于体型和个性的理论层出不穷，毫无疑问，拥有特定身材的某些人往往具有非常可推测的性格。然而，也有一些研究人员认为，身体和人格结合在一起的许多情况是由于刻板印象；也就是说，我们期望特定类型的人有特定的特质，所以不管他们是否存在，我们都能看到这些特质。例如，肌肉发达的人被认为是强势的，所以我们把他们当作领导者。但有时候他们实际上害羞且胆小。人们认为肥胖的人快乐、热情，但实际上，他们很容易沮丧又刻薄。有时候，人们甚至会按照他们认为别人希望他们做的事情去做。通过这样做，人们将会扮演我们想象中的角色。

20.翻译题

Itisimpossibletooveremphasizetheimportanceofcommercialactivitytoacountryanditspeople.Inalmostalldevelopingcountries,economicdevelopmentdependsupongrowthinexporttrade,whichinturncreatesjobsandraiseslivingstandards.Theincreasingimportrequirementswhichflowfromeconomicdevelopmentmustsomehowbefinanced,fromforeignexchangereceipts,derivedfromexportearningsandcapitalinvestment.Withoutdynamicexpansioninexportsthegrowthofyourcountry’seconomywillalmostcertainlyslacken.Yourobjectiveasacommercialrepresentativeisobviouslytodothebestpossiblejobimprovingyourcountry’sexportearningsinthebroadestmeaningoftheterm.

Thetimehaslongsincearrivedtorecognizecommercialrepresentationasaprofessionperse,thesuccessfulexerciseorwhichispositivelycorrelatedwithcarefulinitialselectionofcommercialrepresentatives,thelevelandcontentoftheirformaleducationandspecializedtraining,thelengthandvarietyoftheirpertinentexperience,andthequalityofsupporttheyreceivefromthetradepromotionorganization(TPO)orministryathome.

【答案】商务活动对于一个国家及其人民来说，无论怎么强调它的重要性都不过分。在几乎所有发展中国家，经济发展取决于出口贸易的增长，而出口贸易反过来又能创造就业机会并提高生活水平。由于经济发展而增加的对进口物资的需求，这种需求必须以某种方式从外汇交易、出口收入和对外投资中获得资金。没有出口的有力扩张，国家的经济增长速度肯定会放慢。作为一名商务代表，你们的目标从广泛意义上来说显然是尽最大努力提高你们国家的出口创汇能力。

驻外商务代表本身是一种职业，这是早就应该承认的事实，其成功与否与商务代表的慎重选择息息相关。是否有正规教育和专门训练的水平和内容、他们过去的相关经验的多少和内容，以及他们能从国内贸易促进组织(TPO)或商务部获得的什么样的支持，这些都是应该考虑的内容。

21.翻译题

Itishardtoimaginehowourforefatherscoulddowithoutsomanyconveniencesthatmoderntechnologyhasbroughtabout.Backthenonlyasmallproportionofthepopulationenjoyedsomecomforts.Themajoritydidn’tevenhavesufficientfood,letalonetheprivilegeofbeingeducated.However,manypeopleblamemoderntechnologyfortheproblemsithascreated.Theywanttoslowdowntherateofprogress.Butnoonecanputtheclockback.Thebestwecandoistomakeinformeddecisionsasthedirectioninwhichtechnologyistodevelop.

【答案】【参考译文】很难想象我们的先辈们没有现代技术带来的这么多方便，那日子是怎么过的。那个时候只有一小部分人享受一些舒适条件。大部分人连饭都吃不饱，更不要说接受教育的特权了。然而，许多人责怪现代技术，说它带来了很多问题，他们想减慢进步的速度。但是谁也不能阻止时代的进步，我们能做的是就技术向哪个方向发展做出明智的决定。

22.单选题

ThewordeuthanasiaisofGreekoriginandliterallymeans“agooddeath."TheAmericanHeritageDictionarydefinesitas"theactofkillingapersonpainlesslyforreasonsofmercy."Suchkillingcanbedonethroughactivemeans,suchasadministeringalethalinjection,orbypassivemeans,suchaswithholdingmedicalcareorfoodandwater.

InrecentyearsintheUnitedStates,therehavebeennumerouscasesofactiveeuthanasiainthenews.Theyusuallyinvolvethedeliberatekillingofillorincapacitatedpersonsbyrelativesorfriendswhopleadthattheycannolongerbeartoseetheirlovedonessuffer.Althoughsuchkillingsareacrime,theperpetratorsareoftendealtwithlenientlybyourlegalsystem,andthemediausuallyportraysthemascompassionateheroeswhotakepersonalriskstosaveanotherfromunbearablesuffering.

Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.

Whileitisillegaltokillsomeonedirectly,forexamplewithagunorknife,inmanycasesthelawhasputitsstampofapprovaloncausingdeathbyomittingneededcare.Further,manystateshave“livingwill"lawsdesignedtoprotectthosewhowithholdtreatment,andtherehavebeennumerouscourtrulingswhichhaveapprovedofpatientsbeingdeniedcareandevenstarvedanddehydratedtodeath.

Becausesuchdeathsoccurquietlywithintheconfinesofhospitalsandnursinghomes,theycanbekepthiddenfromthepublic.Mosteuthanasiavictimsareoldorveryill,sotheirdeathsmightbeattributedtoacauseotherthanthedenialofcarethatreallykilledthem.Further,itisoftenrelativesofthepatientwhorequestthatcarebewithheld.Inonecourtcase,thecourtheldthatdecisionstowithholdlife-sustainingcaremaybemadenotonlybyclosefamilymembersbutalsobyanumberofthirdparties,andthatsuchdecisionsneednotbereviewedbythejudicialsystemifthereisnodisagreementbetweendecisionmakersandmedicalstaff.Thecourtwentsofarastorulethatanursinghomemaynotrefusetoparticipateinthefatalwithdrawaloffoodandwaterfromanincompetentpatient!

"Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.Mostofthecasescomingbeforethecourtsdonotinvolvewithholdingheroicmeasuresfromimminentlydyingpeople,butrathertheyseekapprovalfordenyingbasiccare,suchasadministrationoffoodandwater,topeoplewhoarenotelderlyorterminallyill,butwhoarepermanentlyincapacitated.Thesepeoplecouldbeexpectedtoliveindefinitely,thoughinanimpairedstate,iftheyweregivenfoodandwaterandminimaltreatment.

Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.Ifwebasetherighttolifeonqualityoflifestandards,thereisnologicalplacetodrawtheline.

Toprotectvulnerablepatients,wemustfostermorepositiveattitudestowardspeoplewithseriousandincapacitatingillnessesandconditions.Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.Wemustalsoenactpositivelegislationthatwillprotectvulnerablepeoplefromthosewhoconsidertheirlivesmeaninglessortoocostlytomaintainandwhowouldcausetheirdeathsbywithholdinglife-sustainingcaresuchasfoodandwater.

1.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

2.Inparagraph3,theauthorfindsstarvationanddehydrationinducedeuthanasiaistobe"moreinsidious"because

（

）.

3.Asusedinparagraph3,whatisthebestsynonymforinsidious?

4.Theauthormaintainsthatdeathbywithholdingcareis

（

）.

5.Asusedinparagraph7,whichisthebestdefinitionofabridged?

6.Themainideaofparagraph7isthat

（

）.

7.Inthefinalparagraphtheauthorwrites,"Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestill

ourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect."Themainpurposeofthisstatementisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.pleading

B.argumentative

C.compassionate

D.emphatic

E.mpathetic

问题2选项

A.euthanasiaislegallyconsideredtobeacriminalact

B.thepublic'sattitudetowardeuthanasiaisbecomingmorepositive

C.itofteninvolvesthosewhocannotprotest

D.thepatienthasaskedtodiewithdignity

E.itsperpetratorsareviewedaskindlycaregivers

问题3选项

A.mischievous

B.treacherous

C.seductive

D.apparent

E.cumulative

问题4选项

A.largelyconfinedtohospitals

B.largelyconfinedtotheterminallyill

C.oftenrequestedbyfamilymembers

D.approvedbylivingwills

E.difficulttoproveifprosecuted

问题5选项

A.trimmed

B.curtailed

C.lengthened

D.extended

E.compressed

问题6选项

A.lawyerswillbeunabletoprosecuteordefendcaregivers

B.nocomprehensiverightorwrongdefinitionofeuthanasiawillexist

C.usingasubjectivestandardwillmakethedecisiontoendanindividual'slifearbitrary

D.noboundarywillexistbetweeneuthanasiaandcareomission

E.‘qualityoflife’willnolongerbeabletoberigidlydefined

问题7选项

A.proveapreviousargument

B.illustrateanexample

C.gainsayalaterstatement

D.objecttoalargeridea

E.justifyanearlierstatement

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.”尽管他们的疾病肆虐，但他们仍然是我们的同胞，值得我们的关心和尊重，可知作者的语气是同情的，因此C选项“有同情心的”正确。A选项“恳求的”；B选项“争论的”；D选项“强调的”；E选项“同感的”。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.”每年，在全国各地的医院和疗养院里，有越来越多的记录在案的死亡案例是由于护理人员拒绝给予不能为自己说话的病人提供包括食物和水在内的生命维持护理。可知作案者为护理人员，因此A选项“它的作案者被视为仁慈的照顾者”符合题意。

3.词义题。根据文章第三段中“butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.”可知这些病人的不是自愿选择安乐死的，而是由护理人员有意为之的。因此A选项“恶意的”符合题意；B选项“骗人的”；C选项“诱惑的，引诱的”；D选项“表面的，可看得到的”E选项“累积的”。

4.细节事实题。根据文章倒数第三段中“Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.”当恢复的可能性很小，且医疗干预只会延长垂死的过程时，就不需要使用“特殊的”或“英勇的”的治疗。但因他或她很老或病得严重而拒绝给予惯常、合理的照顾或故意使其饥饿或脱水却不应该被允许，可知B选项“很大程度上仅限于绝症患者”与作者的主张相符。

5.词义题。根据文章第七段中“Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.”没有人有权力去断定另一个人的生命是否值得继续，基本生存权不应该被……因为有人认为别人的生活质量太低了。可知“abridge”与生命结束有关，因此B选项“被缩短”符合题意。A选项“被修剪，被整理”；C选项“被加长”；D选项“被延长”；E选项“被压缩”。

6.主旨大意题。根据文章第七段中“Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.”可知每个人的基本生存权不能由别人认为其生活质量太低而被缩短，因此C选项“使用一个主观标准将让结束一个人的生命的决定变得武断”符合题意”。

7.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.”人们对主动形式的安乐死的赞同看起来令人惊讶，但我们面临着来自被动形式安乐死的更大、更隐蔽的威胁，和最后一段中“Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.”尽管他们的疾病肆虐，但他们仍然是我们的同胞，值得我们的关心和尊重。可知作者反对这种被人们接受的观点，因此D选项“反对一种广泛的观点”符合题意。

23.单选题

Bothchildrenseemtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto（）me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

问题1选项

A.agitate

B.aggravate

C.aggregate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【