考研考博-英语-中央戏剧学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中央戏剧学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristics,andthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrangeshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadrycontinentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibet,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing“striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimes,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand“froze”thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityinasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

1.WhatwasthesignificanceofthefactthatthePleistoceneglaciationdidnotwipeoutlifeentirelyinthearea?

2.WhichofthefollowingmostlikelybestdescribesTibetan“tea”？

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage:whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationcanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Withoutlife,mancouldnotflourisheither.

B.Thedryingoutwastoosuddenformostplantstoadapttotheclimate.

C.Iftheregionhadbeendevoidoflife,someoftheotherspeciesfromnearby,aridareasmightpossiblyhavetakenoverthearea.

D.ThevarietyofTibetanlifewasdecreased.

问题2选项

A.agreentinteddrinksimilartoChinesebasket-friedgreentea

B.anutritiousmixtureoftealeavesandrancidyakbutter

C.adarkbrownteadrink,carefullystrained

D.ahighcaffeinedrink

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultofLifelongstudy

C.limitedtogeologicalhistory

D.derivedonlyfrombooks

问题4选项

A.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Europeanculturesareliberatedtosomedegreefromdeterminism.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinalandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到第三段：“WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect.随着喜马拉雅山脉的形成和该地区相对突然的干旱，动物和植物的数量急剧减少。随后发生的不完全更新世冰川作用使冰川进一步变薄。”可知D项“藏族生活的多样性减少”正确。

2.判断推理题。由第三段：Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.藏茶是主要的食品，可以替代难以吃到的蔬菜。由此可以推知：藏茶是主食之一，由于蔬菜品种很少，所以用藏茶来补充因蔬菜摄入不足所缺乏的营养。B项“茶叶与发酵牦牛酥的营养混合物”；A项“—种绿茶，类似于汉族的篮炒绿茶”。C项“经过细致过滤的深棕色茶品”。D项含高咖啡因的饮品。既然是要补充蔬菜摄入不足导致的营养缺乏，自然要用有营养的物质来替代。故B项正确。

3.判断推理题。本文中没有涉及作者的研究和经历，第三段引用了Armand的描述，第四段中讲到了Lattimore和Kawakita的看法。A项“基于第一手经验”；B项“终身学习的结果”；C项“限于地质历史”；D项“仅从书本中获得”故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由“However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.但是，并没有打算采用孟德斯鸠关于气候和土壤是文化决定因素的观点。一个区域的生态只造成该区域居民所面临的一些问题，虽然一种文化所面临的问题对其发展很重要，但这些问题并没有决定它的发展。”可知C项“Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.同一地区的文化，共享土壤和气候，本质上是相同的。”正好与孟德斯鸠的观点相符。

5.细节事实题。由第三段中：“Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰期结束后，现存的来自原始大陆物种的生命种类只有几个。”可知A项“原产于大陆气候”正确。

2.单选题

AtplanningmeetingswiththeseniormanagementIoftenhadtoendurepredictablelittlejokesaboutme,butItookthem______.

问题1选项

A.withaviolentlaugh

B.onmyconscience

C.withagoodgrace

D.inthebesthumor

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A项withaviolentlaugh“狂笑”，B项onmyconscience“在意”，C项withagoodgrace“情愿地，欣然地”，D项inthebesthumor“以最幽默的方式”。由前面句子的句意“在策划与高级管理人员的会议时，我经常不得不忍受那些不出所料关于我的小笑话”，结合后面的but转折可知，“以最幽默的方式”符合语境。句意：在策划与高级管理人员的会议时，我经常不得不忍受那些可以预见的关于我的小笑话，但我以最幽默的方式接受了它们。因此，该题选择D项正确。

3.单选题

Youngsterswhodrinkandsmoke,andareoftenabsentfromschoolarefarmorelikelytobe（）fromschool.

问题1选项

A.induced

B.disobeyed

C.expelled

D.forbidden

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。选项A,B,D都不能与介词from搭配应用。beexpelledfromschool意为被学校开除,符合句意。句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。

4.单选题

Thatstudentisdiscourteous;hegrumblesnomatterhowonetriestopleasehim.

问题1选项

A.giggles

B.scolds

C.complains

D.sneers

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项giggle“咯咯地笑，傻笑”，B项scold“骂，责骂”，C项complain“抱怨，控诉”，D项sneer“嘲笑，冷笑”。句意：那个学生很无礼，不管别人怎么讨好他，他总是发牢骚。根据句意可知，grumble在句中表示“发牢骚”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是C项。因此，该题选择C项。

5.单选题

Itisnecessaryforthevaluablespeciesto（）itselfinordertostayinexistence.

问题1选项

A.infer

B.propagate

C.inject

D.jerk

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意：为了能够使珍稀物种生存，必须进行。infer推论；propagate繁殖；inject注射；jerk猛拉。因此，B项符合句意。

6.翻译题

Eventheautomobileindustry,whichhasremainedlargelyunchangedforthelastseventyyears,isabouttofeeltheeffectsofthecomputerrevolution.

Theautomobileindustryranksasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthetwentiethcentury.Therearepresently500millioncarsonearth,oronecarforeverytenpeople.Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworld’sbiggestmanufacturingindustry.

Thecar,andtheroadsittravelson,willberevolutionizedinthetwenty-firstcentury.Thekeytotomorrow’s“smartcars”willbesensors.“We’llseevehiclesandroadsthatseeandhearandfeelandsmellandtalkandact,”predictsBillSpreitzer,technicaldirectorofGeneralMotorsCorporation’sITSprogram,whichisdesigningthesmartcarandroadofthefuture.

Approximately40,000peoplearekilledeachyearintheUnitedStatesintrafficaccidents.Thenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedon’tevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspapersanymore.Fullyhalfofthesefatalitiescomefromdrunkdrivers,andmanyothersfromcarelessness.Asmartcarcouldeliminatemostofthesecaraccidents.Itcansenseifadriverisdrunkviaelectronicsensorsthatcanpickupalcoholvaporintheair,andrefusetostartuptheengine.Thecarcouldalsoalertthepoliceandprovideitspreciselocationifitisstolen.

【答案】【参考译文】

即便是过去70年间基本上没有多少变化的汽车工业，也将感受到计算机革命的影响。

汽车工业是20世纪最赚钱、最有影响力的产业之一。目前世界上有5亿辆车，或者说每10人就有1辆车。汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。

汽车及其行驶的道路，将在21世纪发生重大变革。未来“智能汽车”的关键在于传感器。“我们会见到能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话并能采取行动的车辆与道路，”正在设计未来智能汽车和智能道路的通用汽车公司ITS项目的技术主任比尔•斯普雷扎预言道。

美国每年有大约4万人死于交通事故。在汽车事故中死亡或严重受伤的人数太多，我们己经不屑在报纸上提及。这些死亡的人中至少有半数是酒后开车者造成的，另有许多死亡事故是驾驶员不小心所导致。智能汽车能消除绝大多数这类汽车事故。它能通过会感测空气中的酒精雾气的电子传感器检测开车者是否喝醉酒，并拒绝启动引擎。这种车还能在遇窃后通报警方，告知车辆的确切地点。

7.单选题

In______times,humanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasure,buttofindamorefavorableclimate.

问题1选项

A.prime

B.primary

C.primitive

D.preliminary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项prime“主要的，最好的”，B项primary“初级的，基本的”，C项primitive“原始的，远古的，简单的”，D项preliminary“初步的，开始的，预备的”。由后面的句意“人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找一个更适宜的气候”可知，In______times表示“原始时代”符合语境。句意：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找一个更适宜的气候。因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Thekeytosuccessisrememberingthateveryhurdlecrossedisonelesshurdleinthe（

）ofyourpersonalambition.

问题1选项

A.pursuit

B.proportion

C.promotion

D.propulsion

【答案】A

【解析】pursuit追求;proportion比例;promotion促进,推销;propulsion推进,推进力。根据句意可知选项中能和目标搭配的只有选项A。

9.单选题

AttitudesonthetwosidesintheRevolutionaryWarprecludedthepossibilityofapeacefulsolution.

问题1选项

A.presaged

B.prejudiced

C.anticipated

D.prevented

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:双方对美国革命战争的态度决定了不可能通过和平的方式解决问题。

presage:预感，预言。prejudice:偏见。anticipate:预期，期望。prevent:阻止，妨碍，。preclude:阻止,妨碍,排除。故选D。

10.单选题

John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.

问题1选项

A.worthwhile

B.worthy

C.worth

D.worthless

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.worthwhile重要的，值得的B.worthy值得的，值得尊敬、注意的

C.worth值……的D.worthless无价值的，不值钱的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由outstandingperformance（出色表现）和prove（证明）可知，a______winner中的空格应该表示“值得的”。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项表示值得花时间、金钱、努力等，不符合句意；

C项只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语；

D选项不符合句意。

【句意】约翰在比赛中的出色表现证明他是当之无愧的胜利者。

11.单选题

Johnsuggested____anythingaboutituntiltheyfoundoutmorefacts.

问题1选项

A.nottosay

B.sayingnot

C.tosaynot

D.notsaying

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词用法。suggest后面只能接动名词v-ing，动名词的否定形式是在其前加not；其后不可以接todo/be不定式。因此，D为正确答案。本句句意：“约翰建议，在他们找到更多的事实前，什么也不要说。”

12.单选题

Sinceyouareastudent,youmust（）bytheschooldiscipline.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.stand

C.abide

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。conform“符合，遵守”，一般和介词to或with搭配；stand“站立”，后接介词by意为“袖手旁观”；abide“容忍，遵守”，后接介词by意为“遵守，信守，承担……的后果”；sustain“维持，支撑”，是及物动词。句中所表达的意思是学生要遵守学校的纪律，所以选项C正确。

13.单选题

You’vedonemoreoftheworkthanIhaverecentlysoI’llgiveupmydayoffin（）.

问题1选项

A.offset

B.redress

C.herald

D.compensate

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查了名词的辨析。offset“抵消；补偿”；redress“救济；赔偿；纠正”；herald“使者；先驱”；compensate“补偿；赔偿”（只有动词形式），此处应该选择一个名词与介词in搭配表示“补偿，弥补”的意思，所以可以排除选项C和D，redress一般不这样搭配，inoffset是惯用搭配，故正确答案为选项A。

14.单选题

Allindividualsarerequiredto（

）tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

问题1选项

A.obey

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】obey服从，听从；conform遵守，使一致，顺从；concede承认，退让；observe观察，注意到，评论。句意：所有个人都必须遵守政府制定的法律。选项B符合句意。

15.单选题

Sinceitwashelduponlybyasinglesteelcable,thechairliftwas（

）tocarryonlytwopeople

问题1选项

A.instructed

B.obliged

C.intended

D.appointed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。instruct“指导；通知；命令”；oblige“迫使；强制；责成”；intend“打算；想要；意指”；appoint“任命；指定”。句意：由于只有一根钢缆支撑着，这个升降椅被指示一次只能载两个人。选项A符合题意。

16.翻译题

41.我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。

42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。

43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。

44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。

45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

17.单选题

EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearlyfiveyearsago.

（1）theproblemsthatmeeting

（2）hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironment（3）tank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutehasbeenlookingatthefutureofwaterand（4）reportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleapinusageoverthepastfewyears,Insomepatoftheworld,waterconsumptionhas

（5）

fivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyits（6）IFPKE,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethe

（7）forconflictandamajorbarrierto（8）theworld’sgrowingpopulation.Here’sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit.

“It’softenbeensaidthatwater

（9）oilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPREreport,thetime

（10）thathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeople

（11）bywatershortageswillincreaseten

（12）overthenext30years,itsays,

（13）couldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.

Themainreasonwhywaterisbecominga

（14）resourceisagriculture,whichnow

（15）

70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insome

（16）countries.Countlessfannershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenouscropsforthe

（17）markettohighyieldexportvarieties,which

（18）

needfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpedimenttofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcity

（19）

leadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholeshasledtoarsenicpoisoningwhichis（20）tohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentivestoencourageconservation.”

问题1选项

A.But

B.So

C.And

D.For

问题2选项

A.overcome

B.highlighted

C.motivated

D.confronted

问题3选项

A.thoughtful

B.thought

C.thinking

D.think

问题4选项

A.those

B.whose

C.its

D.their

问题5选项

A.decreased

B.increased

C.expanded

D.dwindled

问题6选项

A.initials

B.capitals

C.beginnings

D.letters

问题7选项

A.trigger

B.effect

C.initiation

D.consequence

问题8选项

A.feed

B.raise

C.feeding

D.raising

问题9选项

A.insteadof

B.inresponseto

C.inplaceof

D.ratherthan

问题10选项

A.which

B.how

C.why

D.when

问题11选项

A.affecting

B.affected

C.isaffected

D.isaffecting

问题12选项

A.double

B.multiple

C.fold

D.time

问题13选项

A.what

B.how

C.which

D.that

问题14选项

A.natural

B.scarce

C.plentiful

D.dormant

问题15选项

A.accountsfor

B.runsfor

C.speaksfor

D.countsfor

问题16选项

A.developed

B.developing

C.advanced

D.industrialized

问题17选项

A.home

B.export

C.exchange

D.foreign

问题18选项

A.remarkably

B.formidably

C.inevitably

D.consumedly

问题19选项

A.though

B.so

C.however

D.also

问题20选项

A.assessed

B.appraised

C.rated

D.estimated

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:D

第19题:D

第20题:D

【解析】（1）根据选项确定考察连词，句意：自从五年前在巴西里约热内卢举行的地球峰会以来，环境问题在政治上一直处于次要地位，而且遇到的问题并没有克服。表示句意顺承用and。

（2）A选项意思是‘克服，解决’，B选项意思是‘是突出，显著’，C选项意思是‘激发……的积极性’，D选项意思是‘面对，面临’。句意：而且遇到的问题并没有克服。A选项符合题意。

（3）根据空格后的名词tank确定这里需要填写一个形容词，只有A选项是形容词，所以A正确。

（4）根据空格后的动词reflects用的是三单形式，确定主语是单数，选项C符合题意。

（5）句意：在世界上的一些地方，用水量已经增长了五倍。A选项意思是‘减少’，B选项意思是‘增加’，C选项意思是‘扩大’，D选项意思是‘缩减’。B选项正确。

（6）A选项意思是‘英文缩写’，B选项意思是‘大写字母’，C选项意思是‘开始’，D选项意思是‘字母’。句意：这个因为它的缩写IFPKE而闻名的机构。A选项正确。

（7）A选项意思是‘触发器’，B选项意思是‘影响’，C选项意思是‘启蒙’，D选项意思是‘结果’。句意：短缺可能很快会触发冲突，A选项正确。

（8）feed意思是‘喂养’，raise意思是‘提高’，to表目的，后面接动词原形，排除CD选项。句意：也是阻碍世界人口增长的主要障碍，B选项正确。

（9）A选项意思是‘代替，而不是’，B选项意思是‘响应’，C选项意思是‘代替’，通常与be动词搭配使用，D选项意思是‘而不是’，通常不做主语。句意：人们常说水将代替石油将成为下个世纪战争的原因。A选项正确。

（10）定语从句，不缺成分，表示时间用when。

（11）空格后面有动词willincrease，所以空格里的词不能充当谓语，根据句意‘被水资源短缺影响的人’，表示被动，用过去分词，B选项符合题意。

（12）十倍，tentimes/fold/multiple，C选项正确。

（13）非限制性定语从句。用which引导。A选项正确

（14）A选项意思是‘自然的’，B选项意思是‘稀有的，缺乏的’，C选项意思是‘丰富的’，D选项意思是‘休眠的，静止的’。句意：水成为一种稀缺的资源的主要原因是农业。B选项正确。

（15）A选项意思是‘占……比例’，B选项意思是‘运行’，C选项意思是‘说明’，D选项意思是‘计数’。句意：农业用水占比全世界70%的水。B选项正确。

（16）A选项意思是‘先进的，发达的’，B选项意思是‘发展中的’，C选项意思是‘先进的，发达的’，D选项意思是‘工业化的’。句意：尤其是发展中国家。B选项正确。

（17）A选项意思是‘家，本地的’，B选项意思是‘出口’，C选项意思是‘交换，交易所’，D选项意思是‘外国的’。句意：无数的农民已经从种植本地农作物转向了高产的出口品种，A选项正确。

（18）A选项意思是‘显著地，非常地’，B选项意思是‘可怕地，强大地’，C选项意思是‘不可避免地，必然地’，D选项意思是‘格外地，大大地’。句意：无数的农民已经从种植本地农作物转向了高产的出口品种，这需要格外多的水。D选项正确。

（19）根据选项确定考察连词，句意：在一些地区，水资源短缺现在是养活人口的最大障碍。缺水还会导致水污染。Also表示‘也，还’，符合题意。

（20）A,B,C选项都表示‘评估’的意思,只有D选项是‘预估’的意思，所以D选项正确。

18.单选题

Despitealmostuniversal_______ofthevitalimportanceofwomen'sliteracy,educationremainsadreamforfarmanywomeninfartoomanycountriesoftheworld.

问题1选项

A.confession

B.identification

C.acknowledgement

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】confession忏悔,供认；identification鉴定,识别；acknowledgement承认,认知；compliment恭维,称赞。句意：尽管几乎普遍承认妇女识字的至关重要性,但对世界上许多国家的许多妇女来说,教育仍然是一个梦想。选项C符合句意。

19.单选题

Faulkner'sneighborsbothlovedandreviledhiminthesamebreath.

问题1选项

A.scolded

B.revealed

C.revived

D.reveled

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Faulkner的邻居们对他又爱又骂。reviled意为“辱骂，谩骂”。scolded责骂，训斥；revealed透露，显示；revived使复活，使恢复；reveled狂欢，陶醉。选项A与之意思相近。

20.单选题

Whenhewassofaroutthathecouldlookbacknotonlyonthelittlebaybutpastthestretchofrockthatwasbetweenitandtheseashore,hefloatedonthewarmsurfaceandlookedforhismother.Thereshewasalittleyellowdotunderanumbrellathatlookedlikeapieceoforange-skin.Heswambacktoshore,relievedatbeingsureshewasthere,butallatonceverylonely.

Ontheothersideofthebaywasaloosescatteringofrocks.Abovethem,someboyswerestrippingofftheirclothes.Theycamerunning,theirbodiesbaredowntotherocksJerryswamtowardsthemandkepthisdistancealittlewayoff.Theywereoffthatcoast,allofthemburnedsmoochdarkbrownandspeakingalanguagehedidnotunderstand.Tobewiththem,ofthemwasafeelingthatfilledhiswholebody.Heswamalittlecloser,theyturnedandwatchedhimwithnarrowed,attentivedarkcues.Thenonesmiledandwaved.Itwasenough.Inaminutehebadswuminandwasontherocksbesidethem,smilingwithextremenervousness.Theyshoutedcheerfulgreetingsathim,andthen,ashepreservedhisnervous,puzzledamile.Theyunderstoodthathewasaforeignerwhohadwanderedfromhisownpartofthesands,andtheypromptlyforgothim.Buthewashappy.Hewaswiththem.

Theybegandivingagainandagainfromahighpointintoawellofblueseabetweenrough,pointedrocks.Aftertheyhaddivedandcomeup,theyswamroundpulledthemselvesup,andwailedtheirturntodiveagain.Theywerebigboys-mentoJerry.Hedivedandtheywatchedhim,andwhenheswamroundtolakehisplace,theymadewayforhim.Hefelthewasaccepted,andhedivedagain,carefully,proudofhimself.

Soonthebiggestoftheboysbalancedhimself,shotdownintothewater,anddidnotcomeup.TheothersstoodaboutwatchingJerry,afterwaitingforthesmoothbrownheadtoappear,letoutacryofwarning;theylookedathimidlyandturnedtheireyesbacktowardsthewater.Afteralonglime,theboycameupontheothersideofabigdarkrock,lettingtheairescapesuddenlyfromhislungswithmuchcoughingandspiting,andgivingashoutofsatisfaction.Immediately,therestofthemdivedin.Onemomentthemorningseemedfullofboysasnoisyascrowdofmonkeys,thenext,theairandthesurfaceofthewaterwereempty.Butthroughtheheavyblue,darkshapescouldbeseenmovingandsearching.

Jerrydived,shotpasttheschoolofunderwaterswimmers,sawablackwallofrocktoweringoverhimtouchedit,andshopupatoncetothesurface,wheretherockformedalowwallbecouldteeacross.Therewasnooneinsight;underhim,inthewater,theshadowyshapesoftheswimmershasdisappeared.Thenoneandthenanotheroftheboyscameuponthefarsideofthewallofrock,andheunderstoodthattheyhadswumthroughsomegaporholeinit.Hediveddownagain.Hecouldseenothingthroughthestingingsaltwaterbutthesolidrock.Whenhecameup,theboyswereallonthedivingrock,preparingtoattemptthetrackagain.Andnow,overcomewithasenseoffailure,beshoutedupinEnglish:“Lookatme!”andhebegansplashingandkickinginthewaterlikeafoolishdog.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat___.

2.Theword“bare”inParagraph2means___.

3.Atthebeginning,Jerrywasswimming______.

4.Whathappenedtothebiggestboy?

5.Jerrysplashedandkickedinthewaterbecause____.

问题1选项

A.Jerrywasnotagoodswimmer

B.Jerryfailedtogainacceptancebytheotherboys

C.Jerrywasonholidayabroad

D.Jerrywasnotongoodtermswithhismother

问题2选项

A.indisguise

B.inthelimelight

C.inthegutter

D.intheraw

问题3选项

A.intothelittlebay

B.toofarouttoseehismother

C.neartothegroupofboys

D.furtherouttoseethantherock

问题4选项

A.Hehadbeentryingtostayunderwateraslongaspossible.

B.Hehadswumthoughaholeintherockunderthewater.

C.Hehadbeentryingtodothehighestdive.

D.HehadplayedatrickonJerry.

问题5选项

A.hewaspretendingtobedropping

B.hewantedtoamusealltheotherboys

C.hehadn’tbeenabletodowhattheotherboyshaddone.

D.hewantedtheotherboystolistentowhathewassaying.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章第一段第一句话whenhewassofaroutthathecouldlookbacknotonlyonthelittlebaybutpastthestretchofrockthatwasbetweenitandtheseashore…提到了他的游泳技能，可以看出他很会游泳，排除选项A；根据第二段最后一句话Buthewashappy.Hewaswiththem，可以排除选项B；根据第一段最后一句话heswambacktoshore,relievedatbeingsureshewasthere…可以知道他的母亲对他很关心，排除选项D，所以选项C符合题意。

第2题:bare所在句子的前一句提到abovethem,someboyswerestrippingofftheirclothes,他们把衣服脱光了，所以可以推断出bare是“赤裸”的意思。所以选项D符合题意。

第3题:文章第一段第一句话Whenhewassofaroutthathecouldlookbacknotonlyonthelittlebaybutpastthestretchofrockthatwasbetweenitandtheseashore,hefloatedonthewarmsurfaceandlookedforhismother提到当他游得很远时，他回头不仅能够看到小海滩，而且还可以看到岩石和海滨，他漂浮在温暖的海水表面并且寻找他的母亲，选项B符合题意。

第4题:文章倒数第二段提到Afteralonglime,theboycameupontheothersideofabigdarkrock,lettingtheairescapesuddenlyfromhislungswithmuchcoughingandspiting,andgivingashoutofsatisfaction，那个男孩是为了能在水下待尽可能长的时间，所以选项A符合题意。

第5题:文章最后一段最后一句话Andnow,overcomewithasenseoffailure,beshoutedupinEnglish:“Lookatme!”andhebegansplashingandkickinginthewaterlikeafoolishdog，可以推断出他是为了引起其他那些跟他一起在游泳的男孩的注意，所以选项D符合题意。

21.单选题

Economicgrowthinvolvesincreasesovertimeinthevolumeofacountry’spercapitagrossnationalproduct(GNP)ofgoodsandservices.Suchcontinuingincreasescanraiseaveragelivingstandardssubstantiallyandprovideastrongerbaseforotherpolicyobjectivessuchasnationaldefense,variouskindsofcapitalinvestments,orpublicwelfareservices.Itisonlyinthelasttwocenturiesthatcontinuedgrowthinlivingstandardshasbeenrealizedforanumberofnow-developedcountries,andthisprocesshasbroadenedinthe20thcenturytoincludeanumberofdevelopingcountries.However,thefairlysteadyexpansioninthethirdquarterofthe20thcenturygavewaytoaperiodofslowerandmoreerraticgrowthforbothhigh-andlow-incomecountries,whilesomeoftheeconomicallypoorestcountrieswerethusfarunabletoestablishaself-sustainingpatternofdevelopment.Italsobecameincreasinglyevidentthattherewereseriousenvironmentalproblemsassociatedwithsometypesofgrowthinproduction.

Thisarticleexaminestherecordofeconomicgrowthanddevelopment,someexplanationsforthechangesinvolved,andtheattemptsbygovernmentstoplanthesechanges.Twomajorissuesareinvolved.Thefirstiswhyeconomicgrowthoccursmorequicklyinsomecountriesandperiodsthaninothers.Itistheincreaseinthesizeandqualityofthefactorsofproductionthatunderliesgrowth,butcertainforces—innovationsandentrepreneurship,thepartplayedbygovernments,andtheroleofinvestmentasdistinctfromconsumption—deservespecialattention.Avarietyofmodelsofeconomicgrowthgiveexpressiontotheunderstandingoftheseforces.Increasingattentionhasbeenpaidinthesemodelsandinpolicytotheinternationalaspectsofgrowth.Thistrendispartlyareflectionofthegrowinginternationalizationofeconomicactivity.Italsoreflectsanumberofpotentiallydestabilizingchangesintheinternationaleconomythatbecameevidentduringthe1970s.Whiletheprecisenatureoftheireffectsisopentodebate,amongthesechangesshouldbenotedthetransitiontomoreflexibleexchangerates,thesupplyshocksinpetroleumandotherproducts,thegrowthofinternationaldebt,andthedevelopmentofseveralmajorcentersofeconomicpower.

Thesecondissueisthechallengesfacingthelow-incomecountries,namely,tomovefromsubsistencelevelsofpercapitaincometoalevelthatwouldgenerateself-sustaininggrowthandalsotoreducethegapbetweenthemselvesandthehigh-incomecountries.Differencesamongthelowerincomecountrieswarnagainstmakingsweepinggeneralizationsonthedevelopmentprocess,butthreetopicshaveattractedmuchattention.Oneishowfarexistingprivateandpublicorganizationsmustbechangedsoastoinstitutionalizedevelopment.Asecondistheviewthat,particularlyformanufacturesandforsmallermarkets,relianceonimportsubstitutionshouldgivewayfairlyquicklytoexportdevelopment.Thethird