考研考博-英语-伊犁职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-伊犁职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.问答题

Artistsusecaricaturetodistortthehumanfaceorfigureforcomicaffectwhileatthesametime

A

B

capturinganidentifiablelikenessandsuggestingtheessenceofthepersonalityorcharacter

C

beneaththesurface.Thehumorliesinthefactthatthecaricatureisrecognizable,andyetexasperated.

D

【答案】试题答案：B;effect

【解析】考查名词辨析。comic为形容词，意为“”喜剧的，后面接名词。affect作动词时，意为“影响”，作名词时，意为“情感”；effect为名词，意为“影响，效果”。

2.单选题

Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?

问题1选项

A.Youmustleaveimmediately.

B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.

C.Youmustbeherebyeighto’clock.

D.Youmustcompletereadingassignmentontime.

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词。题干：下面哪个句子表达“可能性”？

must作情态动词，可以表示命令或推测。B选项表示推测，其他选项表示命令。

3.单选题

Oncethequestionisput,weknow（

）trytoobtaintheanswer.

问题1选项

A.toproceedindirectionto

B.wheredirectionproceedto

C.inwhichdirectiontoproceedto

D.whichdirectionproceedtoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，know后面的成分为它的宾语，填空处缺少的是方式状语。选项A不定式做主语或目的状语；选项B中where引导地点状语；选项D缺少先行词。所以只有选项C正确。

4.单选题

“TheGooglebrandhastakenonalifeofitsown,”concedesJimLanzone,thebossofA,thefourth-largestbutfastest-growingsearchengine,andthissimultaneouslyfrustratesanddelightshim.Itfrustrateshimbemusepeoplesaythey“Google”thingsevenwhentheygotoAskorotherenginestosearchtheweb;bemuseGoogleisconsidered,fornogoodreason(inhisopinion),“thesafechoiceunderpressure”;andbemusemanypeople“don’tseemtowantchoice”andsticktoGoogleoutofmereinertia.

Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram,which,likemanyGoogleproducts,haslittletodowithwebsearchandismeanttoneedleMicrosoft,theworld’slargestsoftwarecompany,whichhasanear-monopolyonspreadsheetsthroughExcel.Google,inotherwords,hasimpressivemomentum,saysMr.Lanzone,butagoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”.

Yahoo!,thelargestinternetportalwithabout400musers(ofitse-mail,instant-messaging,musicandotherproducts),hascomeupwithastrategytodifferentiateitsownsearchengine.Yahoo!hasbeenatthisgameforonlytwoyears,butnowhashundredsofengineersworkingonit.Incontrasttothequasi-religiousfaiththatGoogleplacesinitsmathematicalalgorithms,saysEckartWalther,oneofYahoo!’ssearchbosses,Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”.

Askistakingadifferenttack.IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.Askalsousesthesethematicclusterstosuggestthebestwaystonarroworexpandasearch,afeaturecalled“zoom”thatisverypopular.ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.

AsforMicrosoft,ithasidentifiedGoogleasamortalthreattoitsbusinessandhaslaunchedanall-outefforttocatchupinonlineservicesingeneral,andinsearchinparticular.Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s;butGooglepre-emptedMicrosoftanditselftookadefensivestakeinAOL.Microsofthasalsohiredformerrivalswhoarewellrespectedintheindustry.

1.Whatisthecentralideaofthispassage?

2.WhatisthepotentialcrisisforGoogleaccordingtoJimLanzone?

3.Whatisthepossiblemeaningof“aikido”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutExpertRank?

5.WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle’schallenge?

问题1选项

A.Googlemanagestoseizemoremarketshareinsoftwarebusiness.

B.Google’sgrowththreatenscompanieslikeMicrosofttoalargeextent.

C.Googledominatestheon-linesearchmarket.

D.Googleisconfrontedwithstiffcompetition.

问题2选项

A.Itsrivalsaretryingtoformalliance.

B.Googleextendsintovariousfields.

C.Googleoverestimatesitstechnique.

D.Google’snewon-lineprogramattractsmoreusers.

问题3选项

A.Observingthepowercontrastbetweenthetwosides.

B.Temporarycompromisinginattempttolaunchaviolentfight-back.

C.Defendingoneselfbymakinguseoftherival’sstrength.

D.Attackingtheobviousweaknessoftheopponent.

问题4选项

A.Rankingisseldomcountedbythepage’spopularity.

B.Relevantinformationcanbeeffectivelyandefficientlysought.

C.Itsearchesinformationprevailinginexpertsonparticulartopics.

D.ItevenoutdoesGoogle.

问题5选项

A.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

B.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

C.Linkingpagesbythemes.

D.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎业务的用户有转向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌扩展业务遇到强劲对手，接下来三段都在讲谷歌的竞争对手具体采取的措施和谷歌竞争，D选项“谷歌面临激烈竞争”正确。A选项“谷歌设法在软件业务中夺取更多的市场份额”，B选项“谷歌的增长在很大程度上威胁到了微软这样的公司”和C选项“谷歌主导了在线搜索市场”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义推测题。文章在第一段提出许多人因为惯性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.（但他很高兴，因为他已经树敌无数，现在必须打许多仗；因为谷歌，也许是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免费的在线电子表格程序），列举了谷歌在其他领域的业务，可知这里表示的是谷歌的业务扩展到各个领域，一方面对外有很多竞争者，一方面对内可能精力不足，B选项“谷歌扩展到各个领域”正确。A选项“其对手正试图结成联盟”，C选项“谷歌高估了它的技术”和D选项“谷歌新的在线节目吸引了更多的用户”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。aikido的意思是“合气道（以擒、摔为主的一种日本武术）”。根据第二段最后一句agoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”（一个好的武术家可以利用他的对手的势头来战胜他，所以“我们使用搜索合气道”），所以在这里合气道的意思是利用对手的攻势来反攻对方，C选项“利用对手的力量保护自己”正确。A选项“观察双方的力量对比”，B选项“为了发动暴力反击而做出的暂时妥协”和D选项“攻击对手的明显弱点”：不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第三句Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.（因此，它不是按照网页总浏览量来计算排序，而是通过专家对某个题目的关注程度排序，这种方法得到的结果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以网页的受欢迎程度计算排名，A选项“排序很少以页面的受欢迎程度来计算”不符合文章内容，故正确；C选项“它搜索专家对特定主题的常关注的信息”和D选项“它甚至超过谷歌”符合文章内容。根据第四段最后一句AskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages（在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好），可知B选项“能够有效和高效地寻找相关信息”符合文章内容。因此A选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.（SearchEngineWatch的克里斯•谢尔曼认为，在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s（去年冬天，它试图通过与AOL的谈判来购买自己的市场份额——或者至少达成一项协议，让AOL从谷歌的搜索技术转向MSN的搜索技术），可知各个公司在关注谷歌竞争对手的产品质量以及和其他公司联合，D选项“观察联合谷歌的竞争对手”正确。A选项“开发功能更好的电子表格”：不是任何一个公司的举措。B选项“算术规则中增加了对于人文的考虑”：根据第三段最后一句Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”（雅虎是“将最优秀的人与最优秀的技术结合起来”），可知这是雅虎的措施。C选项“通过主题链接页面”：根据第四段第二句IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.（Ask推出了“专家排名”算法，该算法还可以根据传入链接和主题对网页进行排名。），可知这是Ask的措施。因此C选项正确。

5.问答题

TheUSadministrationhasswitchedhesitancyforpopulisminproposingsizeandactivitylimitsonAmerica'slargestbanks.Whiledetailsarestillmissing,possiblybecausenoonereallyknowshowtoimplementsizelimitsorcurbsonproprietarytrading,theintentisclear—bankersmustpay.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,whohavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.Yetoutrageisapoorguidetopublicpolicy.Beyondbeingpunitive,willtheadministration'sproposalshelpreducefinancialsystemrisk?

Considersizelimitfirst.Theideaistoensureinstitutionsarenolongertoobigtofail.Buthowtodefinesize?Whetheryouuseassets,capitalorprofitstherewillbeproblems—bankswilltrytoeconomizeonwhatevermeasureislimited.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes.Therearemanylegalwaystomasksize.Bankscanofferguaranteestoassetsplacedinoff-balancesheetvehicles,muchliketheconduitsoftherecentcrisis.If,instead,capitalisthemeasure,thenwewillbepushingbankstoeconomizeonitasmuchaspossible,hardlyarecipeforsafety.Andifitisprofits,wewillbeinvitinghealthybankstoparkprofitselsewhere,whilerewardingsicklyonesbyallowingthemtoexpandindefinitely.

Evenifwedosettleonadefinition,itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.BearStemswouldnotbe"large"bymostcalculations,thoughitwasconsideredconnectedenoughtobesaved.ButVanguard,themutualfundgroup,managesmorethan$l,000bninassetsandwouldprobablynotqualifyassystemic.Notalllargefinancialentitiesareequallytroubling;wouldweincludethemutualfundsoperatedbyabankinitssize?

Also,beingbighasitsvirtues.Somelargerbanksarebetteratdiversifyingandattractingmanagerialtalent(includingriskmanagers).Whileapoorlymanaged$2,000bnbankcreatesimmenseproblemsforthesystem,theproblemscouldbeevengreaterwith100banksof$20bninsize,eachofwhichhastakensimilarrisks.Whatisimportantisnotsizepersebuttheconcentrationandcorrectionofriskinthesystemaswellasthesizeofexposurerelativetocapital.

Insteadofimposingablanketbanoninstitutionsgrowingbeyondacertainsize,regulatorsshouldusemoresubtlemechanismssuchasprohibitingmergersoflargebanksorencouragingthebreak-upoflargebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble.Whiletherearealwaysconcernsaboutwhetherregulatorswillusethesesortsofpowersarbitrarily,theyarenomoredifficultforlegislatorsandcourtstooverseethanarepowersbasedonanti-competitiveconsiderations.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.HowdoesthepublicthinkofbigbanksintheUS?Why?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

4.WhatdoestheexampleofBearStemsshow?

5.Whatdoesthephrase"largebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble"meaninthelastparagraph?

【答案】1.ImplementingsizelimitsonAmerica’slargestbanksisnotthepropersolutiontofinancialrisk.

2.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,becausetheyhavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.

3.Itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.

4.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes,becausetherearemanylegalwaystomasksize.

5.Largebanksaremorelikelytogetintotroubleovertheirassetsmanagement.

6.单选题

Thirty-onemillionAmericanareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.Bytheyear2030,oneineveryfivepeopleintheUnitedStateswillbeover60.Elderlypeoplearemembersofthefastest-growingminorityinthiscountry.Manycallthisthe“grayingofAmerica”.

In1973,agroupcalledthe“GrayPanthers”wasorganized.Thisgroupismadeupofyoungandoldcitizens.TheyaretryingtodealwiththespecialproblemsofgrowingoldinAmerica.TheGrayPanthersknowthatmanyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.Somehavefinancialproblems;pricesaregoingupsofastthattheelderlycan’taffordthefood,clothing,andhousingtheyneed.Someoldpeopleareafraidandhavesafetyproblems.Othershaveemotionalproblems.Manyelderlyarelonelybecauseofthedeathofahusbandorawife.TheGrayPanthersknowanotherfact,too.Elderlypeoplewanttobeasindependentaspossible.So,theGrayPanthersarelookingforwaystosolvethespecialproblemsoftheelderly.

ThepresidentoftheGrayPanthersisMaggieKuhn,anactivewomaninherlate70s.ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.ShesaysthatAmericansdonotencourageelderstolivewithyoungerpeople.AsfarasMaggieKuhnisconcerned,onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.

MaggieKuhnknowsthateldersneededucation,too.ShespendslotsoftimetalkingtogroupsofolderAmericans.Sheencouragesthemtocontinuetoliveintheirownhousesifitispossible.Shealsotellsthemthatitisimportanttolivewithyoungerpeopleandtohavechildrenaroundthem.Thishelpselderstostayyoungatheart.

1.Whathealthproblemsdomanyelderlyhave?

2.Nursinghomes（）.

3.MaggieKuhntravelsacrosstheUnitedStatesinorderto（）elders.

4.OneoftheproblemsMaggieKuhntalksaboutis（）.

5.MaggieKuhnencourageseldersto（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyfeellonely.

B.Theyaresufferingfromcancer.

C.Theycannotwalkorseeorhearwell.

D.Theyhavegotheartproblems.

问题2选项

A.aregoodforelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcare

B.helpkeepeldersyoung

C.aresetupfortrainingnurses

D.areplaceswheresmallchildrenaretakencareof

问题3选项

A.collectmoneyfor

B.showconcernsfor

C.findhousesfor

D.educatepeopletohelp

问题4选项

A.whyeldersshouldbetakencareof

B.whereandhowelderslive

C.whoneedsmedicalcare

D.howtoimproveeducationintheUSA

问题5选项

A.liveinnursinghomes

B.travelmore

C.livewithyoungerpeople

D.dosomehousework

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段第四句“manyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.”选项C与原文表述一致，正确。

2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Nursinghomes”定位到第三段最后一句“onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.”只有需要不断的医疗护理的老年人才应该住进养老院。也就是说，养老院对需要持续医疗护理的老年人有益。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.”她走遍美国，教育年轻人和老年人关注老年人的问题。选项D正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.”选项B与原文表述一致，正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的三四句，MaggieKuhn鼓励老人继续住在自己的房子里，和年轻人生活在一起，有孩子在身边是很重要的。选项C符合原文。

7.单选题

Ithadbeenanabominableafternoon,(

)ataboutSixO'clockinherfather'ssuddencollapseintosub-consciousness.

问题1选项

A.pitching

B.rising

C.soaring

D.culminating

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pitch“投掷”；rise“上升”；soar“猛增”；culminate“达到顶点”。句意：那是一个糟糕的下午，大约六点钟她的父亲突然陷入昏迷。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Cometsarestillregardedwithawebysomepeople.

问题1选项

A.wonder

B.concern

C.resentment

D.detachment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。awe意为“敬畏，惊叹”；wonder意为“惊异，惊叹”；concern意为“涉及，关系到”；resentment意为“愤恨，不满”；detachment意为“超然，公正，独立”。

句意：一些人仍然敬畏彗星。

9.单选题

DoyouknowTim’sbrother?Heis（）thanTim.

问题1选项

A.muchmoresportsman

B.moreofasportsman

C.moreofsportsman

D.moreasportsman

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词的程度比较。对于一些可显示程度的名词，把带of的数量词放在其前面可以表示程度的修饰，且这种结构只能与单数可数名词连用，名词前要加不定冠词。moreofasportsmanthanTim表示他比蒂姆更爱好运动，因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.

问题1选项

A.worthwhile

B.worthy

C.worth

D.worthless

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.worthwhile重要的，值得的B.worthy值得的，值得尊敬、注意的

C.worth值……的D.worthless无价值的，不值钱的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由outstandingperformance（出色表现）和prove（证明）可知，a______winner中的空格应该表示“值得的”。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项表示值得花时间、金钱、努力等，不符合句意；

C项只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语；

D选项不符合句意。

【句意】约翰在比赛中的出色表现证明他是当之无愧的胜利者。

11.单选题

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare（）off.

问题1选项

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.separated

D.screened

【答案】D

【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免,躲避”;excluded“排除,驱逐”;separated“分开,隔开”;screen“筛,过滤,屏蔽”。句意:来自外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球,但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。

12.问答题

Manyoftoday'syoungpeoplehaveadifficulttimeseeinganymoraldimensiontotheiractions.Thereareanumberofreasonswhythat'strue,butnonemoreprominentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschewsteachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindAmericanstogetherasasocietyandaculture.Thatfailedapproach,called"decision-making",wasintroducedinschools25yearsago.Ittellschildrentodecideforthemselveswhatisrightandwhatiswrong.Itreplaced"charactereducation".Charactereducationdidn'taskchildrentoreinventthemoralwheel;instead,itencouragedthemtopracticehabitsofcourage,justiceandself-control.

Inthe1940s,whenacharactereducationapproachprevailed,teachersworriedaboutstudentschewinggum;todaytheyworryaboutrobberyandrape.Decision-makingcurriculumsposethornyethicaldilemmastostudents,leavingthemwiththeimpressionthatallmoralityisproblematicandthatallquestionsofrightandwrongareindispute.Youngstersareforcedtoquestionvaluesandvirtuesthey'veneveracquiredinthefirstplaceoruponwhichtheyhaveonlyatenuoushold.Theassumptionbehindthismethodisthatstudentswillarriveatgoodmoralconclusionsifonlytheyaregiventhechance.Buttheactualresultismoralconfusion.

Forexample,arecentnationalstudyof1,700sixth-toninth-gradersrevealedthatamajorityofboysconsideredrapetobeacceptableundercertainconditions.Astoundingly,manyofthegirlsagreed.

Thiskindofmoralilliteracyisfurtherencouragedbyvalues-educationprogramsthatarelittlemorethancoursesinself-esteem.Theseprogramsarebasedonthequestionableassumptionthatachildwhofeelsgoodabouthimselforherselfwon'twanttodoanythingwrong.Butitisjustasreasonabletomakeanoppositeassumption:namely,thatachildwhohasuncriticalself-regardwillconcludethatheorshecan'tdoanythingbad.

Suchnaiveself-acceptanceresultsinlargepartfromthenon-directive,non-judgmentalas-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choicesmentalitythathaspervadedpubliceducationforthelasttwoandone-halfdecades.Manyoftoday'sdrugeducation,sexeducationandvalues-educationcoursesarebasedonthesame1960sphilosophythathelpedfueltheexplosioninteendruguseandsexualactivityinthefirstplace.

Meanwhile,whileeducatorsarestillfiddlingwithoutdated"feel-good"approaches,NewYork,Washington,andLosAngelesareburning.Youngstersareleavingschoolbelievingthatmattersofrightandwrongarealwaysmerelysubjective.Ifyoupassastrangeronthestreetanddecidetomurderhimbecauseyouneedmoney一ifitfeelsright一yougowiththatfeeling.Clearly,murderisnottaughtinourschools,butsuchaconclusion―justaboutanyconclusion—canbereachedandjustifiedusingthedecision-makingmethod.

Itistimetoconsignthefadsof"decision-making"and"non-judgmentalism"totheashheapoffailedpolicies,andreturntoaprovedmethod.Charactereducationprovidesamuchmorerealisticapproachtomoralformation.Itisbuiltonanunderstandingthatwelearnmoralitynotbydebatingitbutbypracticingit.

【答案】InhisessayChildrenMustBeTaughttoTellRightfromWrong",WilliamKilpatrickarguesthatthe"decision-making"approachtothemoraleducationofAmericanyouth,whichreplaced"charactereducation"25yearsago,haspreventedjuvenilesfrombehavingandthinkinginaccordancewiththetraditionalmoralprinciplesthatarefundamentaltoAmericansociety.

AccordingtoKilpatrick,decision-makingmethodsinstillinstudentsawrongbeliefthatallnormsofmoralityaresubjectiveconstructswithonlyrelativetruthinthemandthereforecanbeinterpretedflexiblyandevenquestioned.Thisbeliefdeprivesthemofthechancetosecuresolidmoralstandardsandcausesmisconceptionsaboutwhatshouldbeclearlyrightorwrong.

Inparallelwiththisinadequacyofthe"decision-making"approacharetheunexpectedoutcomesofthosevalues-educationprogramsfocusingonstudents,self-esteemthatsupportsthe"non-judgmental"mindsetdominating"decision-making"curriculums.Theirmistakenassumptionthatfeelinggoodwarrantsmoralityexcusesstudentsfromcriticizinganddiscipliningtheirownbehaviors.

Basinghisconclusiononhisanalysisofthefundamentalflawsofthedecision-makingapproach,Kilpatrickfinallyproposesanimmediateshiftbacktocharactereducationwhichhebelievesteachesmoralitymoreeffectivelybyemphasizingpracticeinsteadofdiscussion.

13.单选题

Spiesmayhaveanumberof______namesandpapers.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.synthetic

C.false

D.pretended

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，anartificiallimb“假肢”；B选项synthetic“（用化学物质人工）合成的”，syntheticdrugs“合成药物”；C选项false“伪造的”，afalsepassport“假护照”；D选项pretended“假装的”。句意：间谍可能有许多______的名字和文件。根据语境，间谍为了假冒身份，有许多false“伪造的”文件。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Thisalbumis______asitwastheonlyoneeversignedbythePresident.

问题1选项

A.unusual

B.unique

C.rare

D.singular

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项unusual“不同寻常的”，B项unique“独特的，独一无二的”，C项rare“稀有的，半熟的”，D项singular“单数的，单一的”。根据句子theonlyoneeversignedbythePresident“唯一一个有总统签名的”可知，B项最符合语境。句意：这张专辑是独一无二的，因为它是唯一一张有总统签名的专辑。因此，该题选择B项正确。

15.单选题

Hiltercommittedoneofthemost（）crimesinhistory.

问题1选项

A.violent

B.venturous

C.vicious

D.virus

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。violent“暴力的，猛烈的”；venturous“不顾一切的，好冒险的”；vicious“恶毒的，恶意的，凶残的”；virus“病毒”。句意：Hilter犯下了历史上最暴力的行径之一。A项符合题意。

16.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

北京奥组委(TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiad)官方网站讯：2007年6月23日，在八达岭长城举办的“第四届2008北京奥林匹克文化节”开幕式上，所有观众的目光都被长城上的新标识所吸引一一在绿树环绕下，一个令所有中国人兴奋的口号映衬着的长城遒劲而古老的线体。这就是一座长67米，高18米的“同一个世界同一个梦想(OneWorldOneDream)”北京奥运会会徽(Emblem)和北京奥运会主题口号大型景观建筑。在今后的两年多的时间里，每当人们抬头仰望长城巍峨的身姿就会知道，奥运和中国有着怎样的无法割舍的渊源。

【答案】TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteefortheGamesoftheXXIXOlympiadOfficialWebsiteNews:AttheopeningceremonyoftheFourth2008BeijingOlympicCulturalFestival,heldontheBadalingGreatWallonJune23,2007,allaudiencesareattractedtothenewlogoontheGreatWall.Surroundedbygreentrees,thislogoshowspowerfulandantiquelineoftheGreatWallwithanexcitingslogantoallChinesepeople.Thatisalargelandscapearchitecture,67meterslengthand18metershigh,ofBeijingOlympicGamesemblemengravingcharacterswith“OneWorldOneDream”andBeijingOlympicGamesthemeslogan.Overthenextmorethantwoyears,peoplewilllearnaboutthedeepandcloserelationshipbetweenOlympicGamesandChinawhenevertheylookupattoweringfigureoftheGreatWall.

17.填空题

THEIRONBRIDGE

TheIronBridgewasthefirstofaskindinEuropeandisuniversallyrecognizedasasymboloftheIndustrialRevolution.

A:TheIronBridgecrossestheRiverSeverninCoalbrookdale,inthewestofEngland.Itwasthefirstcast-ironbridgetobesuccessfullyerected,andthefirstlargecast-ironstructureoftheindustrialageinEurope,althoughtheChinesewereexpertiron-castersmanycenturiesearlier.

B:Riversusedtotheequivalentoftoday’smotorways,inthattheywereextensivelyusedfortransportation.TheRiverSevern,whichstartsitslifeontheWelshmountainsandeventuallyenterstheseabetweenCardiffandBristol,isthelongestnavigableriverinBritain.Itwasidealfortransportationpurpose,andspecialboatswerebuilttonavigatethewaters.Bythemiddleoftheeighteenthcentury,theSevernwasoneofthebusiestriversinEurope.Localgoods,includingcoal,ironproducts,wool,grainandcider,weresentbyriver.Amongthegoodscomingupstreamwereluxuriessuchassugar,tea,coffeeandwine.Inplaces,theriverbankswerelinedwithwharvesandtheriverwasoftencrowdedwithboatsloadingorunloading.

C:In1638,BasilBrookepatentedasteel-makingprocessandbuiltafurnaceatCoalbrookdale.ThislaterbecamethepropertyofAbrahamDarby(referredtoasAbrahamDarbyItodistinguishhimfromhissonandgrandsonofthesamename.)AfterservinganapprenticeshipinBirmingham,DarbyhadstartedabusinessinBristol,buthemovedtoCoalbrookdalein1710withanideathatcokederivedfromcoalcouldprovideamoreeconomicalalternativetocharcoalasafuelforironmaking.Thisledtocheaper,moreefficientironmakingfromtheabundantsuppliesofcoal,ironandlimestoneinthearea.

D:Hisson,AbrahamDarbyII,pioneeredthemanufactureofcastiron,andhadtheideaofbuildingabridgeovertheSevern,asferryingstoresofallkindsacrosstheriver,particularlythelargequantitiesoffuelforthefurnacesatCoalbrookdaleandothersurroundingironworks,involvedconsiderableexpenseanddelay.However,itwashissonAbrahamDarbyIII(bornin1750)who,in1775,organizedameetingtoplanthebuildingofabridge.Thiswasdesignedbyalocalarchitect,ThomasPritchard,whohadtheideaofconstructingitofiron.

E:Sectionswerecastduringthewinterof1778-9fora7-metre-widebridgewithaspanof31metres,12metresabovetheriver.Constructiontookthreemonthsduringthesummerof1779,andremarkably,nobodywasinjuredduringtheconstructionprocess-afeatalmostunheardofeveninmodernmajorcivilengineeringprojects.Workontheapproachroadscontinuedforanothertwoyears,andthebridgewasopenedtotrafficin1781AbrahamDarbyⅢfundedthebridgebycommissioningpaintingsandengravings,buthelostalotontheproject,whichhadcostnearlydoubletheestimate,andhediedleavingmassivelargerdebtsin1789,agedonly39.Thedistrictdidn