(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课件教材知识解读 选择性必修第3册　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage (含答案)

Unit4AdversityandCourage课前自主预习课堂考点突破课后综合运用内容索引/NEIRONGSUOYINSTEPONE[教材词汇要记牢]1.adversity n.困境；逆境2.expedition n.探险；远征；探险队3.endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力4.steward n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员5.crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n.拥挤的人群词汇句型·记牢知识速记Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认6.stove n.炉具；厨房灶具7.belongings n.[pl.]财物；动产8.banjo n.班卓琴(乐器)9.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的10.voyage n.&vi.航海；航行11.cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的12.selfish adj.自私的13.good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的14.rugby n.橄榄球运动15.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的16.navigator n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者17.Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家(学说)18.Antarctica 南极洲19.theAntarctic 南极地区20.theSouthPole 南极Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写1.wage n.工资2.bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的3.vigour n.精力；力量；活力4.cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜5.sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降

vt.使下沉；使沉没6.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃7.blanket n.毯子8.navy n.海军；海军部队9.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的10.genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的11.crew n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；

专业团队；一群人12.thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的13.furniture n.家具14.bark vi.&n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声15.bat n.球拍；蝙蝠

vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打16.damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的17.recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏18.nephew n.侄子；外甥19.loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的20.motor n.发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的21.candidate n.候选人；应试者22.episode n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲23.motive n.动机；原因；目的Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变1.qualifiedadj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualifyvt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualificationn.资格；资历；资格证书2.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasticallyadv.热情地→enthusiasmn.热情；热忱3.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→boardv.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食4.assignvt.分派；布置；分配→assignmentn.任务；作业；分配5.envyn.&vt.羡慕；妒忌→enviousadj.嫉妒的；羡慕的6.perseverancen.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→perseverevi.坚持；孜孜以求7.resolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念→resolutionn.决议；解决；坚定8.crueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruellyadv.残忍地；残酷地→crueltyn.残忍；残酷9.unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→fortunen.运气；财产10.guidancen.指导；引导；导航→guiden.导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路11.advertisingn.广告活动；广告业→advertisevt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisementn.广告；宣传12.corporateadj.公司的；法人的；社团的→corporationn.(大)公司；法人13.commitmentn.承诺；保证；奉献→commitvt.犯(错误、罪行等)vi.&vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的Ⅳ.核心短语1.turnsb.down拒绝(某人)2.makefire生火3.giveoff放出(热、光、气味或气体)[高频词汇来助力]1.mess n.凌乱

2.midnight n.午夜

3.mild adj.温和的；轻微的4.mineral n.矿物质，矿物5.minister n.部长；牧师

6.minority n.少数；少数民族

7.misleading adj.欺骗的；误导性的8.mixture n.混合；混合物[经典句式需悟通]1.Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays，butthingsonElephantIslandaregoingfrombadtoworse.这些天我们一直在挣扎，但是大象岛上的情况变得更糟了。2.Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessaslongasyoupersevere.只要你坚持，你最终会成功。3.Whatiftheyweredelayed?如果他们被延误了怎么办？4.Ifitweren’tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve.要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。1.adversity n.___________2.expedition n.___________________3.steward n.____________________________________4.belongings n.[pl.]___________5.miserable adj.___________________6.voyage n.&vi.___________基础知识·夯实默写巩固Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共9分)词汇默写困境；逆境探险；远征；探险队(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员财物；动产痛苦的；令人难受的航海；航行7.cosy adj._______________8.selfish adj._______9.rough adj._______________________温馨的；舒适的自私的汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的10.

n.工资11.

n.精力；力量；活力12.

vi.沉没；下沉；下降

vt.使下沉；使沉没13.

vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃14.

n.毯子15.

adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的16.

adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共24分)wagevigoursinkabandonblanketdecentgenuine17.

adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的18.

n.娱乐；消遣；游戏19.

adj.忠诚的；忠实的20.

n.候选人；应试者21.

n.动机；原因；目的thoroughrecreationloyalcandidatemotiveⅢ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)22.

adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→

vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→

n.资格；资历；资格证书23.

adj.热情的；热心的→

adv.热情地→

n.热情；热忱24.

vt.分派；布置；分配→

n.任务；作业；分配qualifiedqualifyqualificationenthusiasticenthusiasticallyenthusiasmassignassignment25.

adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→

adv.残忍地；残酷地→

n.残忍；残酷26.

adv.不幸地；遗憾地→

adv.幸运地→

n.运气；财产27.

n.广告活动；广告业→

vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→

n.广告；宣传cruelcruellycrueltyunfortunatelyfortunatelyfortuneadvertisingadvertiseadvertisement28.

n.承诺；保证；奉献→

vt.犯(错误、罪行等)

vi.&vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→

adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的commitmentcommitcommittedⅣ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)29.mess n._____

30.mild adj._______________31.minority n._______________

32.misleading adj._________________33.mixture n._____________凌乱温和的；轻微的少数；少数民族欺骗的；误导性的混合；混合物Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共6分)34.

拒绝(某人)35.

生火36.

放出(热、光、气味或气体)turnsb.downmakefiregiveoffⅠ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)语境运用1.AsfarasI’mconcerned，thenewroommateishonest，g，enthusiasticandfullofvigour.2.Whenyougetoffthebus，dokeepinmindthatyoumusttakeyourb.3.Welcometooneofthelargestcollectionsofshoesintheworldthatwillmakeyougreenwithe.4.U，insteadofhittingtheball，hehithisownfalseteeth!enuineelongingsnvynfortunately5.Ourheadteacherrequestedustodosome

(彻底的)cleaningbeforeclassthenextday.6.Underthe

(指导)ofourteacher，wefinishedtheexperimentperfectly.7.Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthe___________(应试者)fortheposition.8.

(遗弃)byhisowner，thelittledogwasleadingamiserablelife.thoroughguidancecandidate(s)AbandonedⅡ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)9.TodayIamas

aboutmyjobasthefirstdayandmy

enablesmetotreatmyjob

.(enthusiastic)10.Believeitornot，myhusbandtreatedme

andhis________alwaysmademeinlowspirits.(cruel)11.Insteadof

toloseweight，tryapractical

：“I’llstophavingdessertforlunch.”(resolve)12.

，hereceivedalarge

fromhisunclewhoiswarm-heartedandgenerous.(fortunate)enthusiasticenthusiasmenthusiasticallycruellycrueltyresolvingresolutionFortunatelyfortune13.He

himselftoworkingdayandnight.His

wonhimagreatreputation.(commit)14.He

withhisviolinlessons.Itwashis

thatenabledhimtobecomeadistinguishedviolinist.(persevere)15.Hehaseducational

andhenceheiswell

forthejobasatutor.(qualify)committedcommitmentperseveredperseverancequalificationsqualifiedⅢ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共20分)16.我一直梦想着被一所重点大学录取。I

.17.只要你采纳我的建议，你一定会在北京上大学期间拥有最难忘的经历。

，youareboundtohavethemostunforgettableexperienceduringyourcollegeinBeijing.havebeendreamingofbeingadmittedtoakeyuniversityAslongasyoutakemyadvice18.要是我学习英语时遇到许多困难怎么办？

whenIstudyEnglish?19.如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高我的学业成绩。

，Iwouldcertainlymakefulluseofthetimetoimprovemyacademicperformance.WhatifIcomeacrossmanydifficultiesIfIwereyou课文经典·背熟教材回扣Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackletonisanadventurethatI1.

(dream)of.However,2.

Iappliedtojointheexpedition，ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwastooyoungandwasn’t3.

(qualify)，soIhadnochoicebuttosecretlygoaboardhisship，theEndurance.LaterI4._____

(discover)andShackletonhadtoassignmetobe5.

steward.Thejourneywasn’tveryeasy，fortheEndurancewasstuckintheiceasweapproachedAntarctica.Andwhentheshipsank，ourheartssankwithit.havebeendreamingwhenqualifiedwasdiscoveredaBeforeweabandonedtheship，Shackleton6.

(calm)toldustorescueourmostessentialsuppliesandhe7.

(he)threwawayallhisgold.HeallowedHusseytokeephisbanjo，8.

madeussurprised.Wehadbeenstrugglingfordays，butthingsweregoingfrombadtoworse.SoonafterwearrivedatElephantIsland，Shackletonleftustofindhelp.Sometimeswewereabletocatchasealorapenguintoeat.Itriedtothinkof9.

(happy)things.IwasgratefulforFrankandErnest’sgenuineconcernforothers.Their10.

(persevere)andtheirresolvefilledmewithhope.calmlyhimselfwhichhappierperseveranceⅡ.课文选词填空——复习本单元UsingLanguage部分giveoff，episode，commitment，persevere，makefireWewatchedasShackletonandtheboatsailedawayfromElephantIslandtoseekhelp.Twenty-twoofuswereleftbehind.Stayingalivetookallourtimeandenergy.Wedrankwaterfromthemeltedice.We1.______

usinganimalfatandthis2.

theblacksmoke.Weateseaanimals.Welivedlikethisinthecoldforfourmonths.OuroptimismandfaithinShackletonhadhelpedus3.

instayingalive.madefiregaveoffperseveregiveoff，episode，commitment，persevere，makefireFinally，Shackletonpaidusbackbyhis4.

tosaveusfromaslowbutpainfuldeath.Whathappenedduringthetimewereprecious5.

mitmentepisodes返回STEPTWO提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇先练基础——单句语法填空enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的1(1)Heisselfishandbad-tempered.Thus，hewillneverbeenthusiastic

helpingthoseintrouble.(2)Whileheisleadingamiserablelife，hestillcantreatpeoplearoundhimwith

(enthusiastic).aboutenthusiasm•beenthusiasticabout(doing)sth.对(做)……热情•enthusiasmn.热情；热忱lack/befullofenthusiasm缺乏/充满热情withenthusiasm热情地•enthusiasticallyadv.热情地；热心地再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。

，whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.(4)尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和杰克仍然热情地做爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)BernardandJackstillmadepopcorn

inspiteofseveralfailures.Iamnotonlyenthusiasticbutalsoeasytogetalongwithenthusiastically/withenthusiasmaboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)2•goaboard上船(飞机、火车等)•boardvt.&vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)n.木板；董事会；伙食onboard在船(火车或飞机)上•broadadj.宽阔的；广阔的•abroadadv.在/到国外；在/到海外goabroad出国能力提升——完美写作·完成句子/一句多译·背诵(1)他高个，宽肩，留着胡子，总是满面微笑。(读后续写之外貌描写)Hewastall

andabeardandalways____________

.(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文之告知信)

，I’mwritingtoinformyouofsomenecessarydo’sanddon’ts.withbroadshouldersworeabroadsmileLearningthatyouwillgoabroadforfurtherstudy(3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西，说话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。①Theinstant

，theywereeating，talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.(aboard)②Theinstant

，theywereeating，talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.(board)theyoungcouplewentaboardtheshiptheyoungcoupleboardedtheship(1)Iwasgreen

envyfromthebottomofmyheartbecausehewasleadingacosyanddecentlife.(2)I

(envy)himbeingenthusiasticandfullofvigouranditseemedthatheneverfeltexhausted.先练基础——单句语法填空envyn.&vt.羡慕；嫉妒3withenvied•envysb.(doing)sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事•withenvy羡慕地；嫉妒地greenwithenvy嫉妒地眼红再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。Honestlyspeaking，I

theExcellentGraduateandIshouldfollowyourexample.(4)李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我都有点眼红了。NotonlyisLiMingquickatlearningbutalsoheisgoodatsolvingtoughproblemswithlogicalmind.

.doenvyyougettingthetitleofIamgreenwithenvy(1)Heabandoned

(ask)forhisguidance，whichwasbeyondourexpectations.(2)Mynephewabandonedhimselfto

(abuse)drugsandhecouldn’tmakeacommitmenttohisstudy.先练基础——单句语法填空abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃n.放任；放纵4askingabusing•abandononeselfto(doing)sth.沉湎于(做)……；纵情于(做)……abandondoingsth.放弃做某事•abandonedadj.被遗弃的；放纵的beabandonedto(doing)sth.沉湎于(做)……再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵(3)(普通表达)Iabandonedmyselftocomputergames.Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend-of-termexamination.①(高级表达)

，Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend-of-termexamination.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)②(高级表达)

，Iperformedextremelybadlyintheend-of-termexamination.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)AbandoningmyselftocomputergamesAbandonedtocomputergamesresolvevi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念5先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Iresolved

(turn)downhisinvitationbecausemyteacherassignedtoomuchhomework.(2)Thestewardhas

(resolve)manyproblemsontheplaneperfectly，soheiscertainlyqualifiedforhisjob.toturnresolved•resolvetodosth.决定做某事•resolutionn.决定；解决再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家决定不遗余力地保护它们。(写作话题之文化遗产与保护)Culturalrelicsrepresentthewisdomofourancestors，so_____________

.(4)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，把自己放在别人的位置上。(写作话题之人际沟通)

，weshouldlearntocommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.ourcountryhasresolvedtosparenoefforttoprotectthemToresolveconflictsunfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地6先练基础——单句语法填空(1)

(unfortunate)，Istillfailedinspiteofenduranceandperseverance.(2)

(fortunate)，Imanagedtojointhenavyandwentonavoyagetwomonthslater.UnfortunatelyFortunately•unfortunateadj.不幸的•fortunateadj.幸运的befortunatetodosth./indoingsth.有幸做某事•fortunatelyadv.幸运地•fortunen.机遇；运气；财富havethegoodfortunetodosth.有幸做某事makeafortune发财；发迹再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(3)我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。①I

totravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortunate)②I

totravelalongtheSilkRoad.(fortune)amfortunatetoget/ingettingapreciousopportunityhavethegoodfortunetogetapreciousopportunity7whatif...Whatiftheyweredelayed?如果他们被延误了怎么办？•Whatif...？意为“要是……会怎么样，如果……将会怎样”，可以看作“Whatwillhappenif...？”的省略形式。•What/Howabout...？……怎么样？•What(...)for？为什么？/(……)是干什么用的？•Sowhat？那又怎么样？根据句意用上述短语填空(1)Igrewanxious：

thefamilyhadsimplyleftthecatbehind?(2)—Willyoupleasegoandemptythatdrawer?—

?(3)—Lindadidn’tinviteustotheparty.—

?Idon’tcare.(4)

meetingatthenearbyrestaurantsothatwecanhaveanicesmalltalk?whatifWhatforSowhatHow/Whatabout8if引导的虚拟语气Ifitweren’tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve.要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：

虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反的假设had＋过去分词would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反的假设(1)动词的过去式(2)wereto＋动词原形(3)should＋动词原形would/could/should/might＋动词原形(1)受邀在这里做演讲我感到荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。Ifeelhonoredtobeinvitedheretodeliveraspeech.Todaythetopicofmyspeechis“

”._______________________________

withnorubbishlyingonthestreet.(2)如果我早听从你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。

.能力提升——完美写作·语段填空/单句写作·背诵IfIwereadustmanIfIwereadustman，IwouldmakeourcitycleanerIfIhadfollowedyouradvice，Iwouldhavepassedtheimportantexam(3)如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得第一名的好消息。___________________________________________________________________________thatIrankedfirstinthecompetitionheldyesterday.IfIsaw/weretosee/shouldseehimtomorrow，Iwouldinformhimofthegoodnews达标检测Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍rough提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇A.adj.汹涌的；风浪很大的B.adj.崎岖的C.adj.粗略的D.adj.艰难的E.adj.粗鲁的1.Ican’ttoleratesailinginroughsea. ___2.Accordingtoaroughestimate，aboutfiftysealsstarvetodeathannually. ___

3.Idon’tknowhowtoreleasethepressureinsucharoughtime.___

ACDA.adj.汹涌的；风浪很大的B.adj.崎岖的C.adj.粗略的D.adj.艰难的E.adj.粗鲁的4.Theiceontheroughroadhasmeltedanditissafetodriveonitnow.___

5.Heissucharoughchildthathedoesn’tbehavehimself. ___

BEⅡ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1.Myheart

(sink)whenIwasinformedthatmymoderatereformsendedupinfailure.2.WhenIsubmittedtheregulationsIdesignedtomyboss，heturnedme

immediately.3.IamwritingtotellyouthatIam

(qualify)forthejobyouareadvertising.4.Ourmonitorisenthusiastic

creatingaharmoniouscampusandheoftenlaunchessomecampaignstopromoteit.sankdownqualifiedabout5.Thesepolicies

(abandon)becauseoffinancialproblemsnextyear.6.Wehaveresolved

(reduce)ourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.7.

(fortunate)，Isucceededinseizingthispreciouschancetobeavolunteerintheactivity.8.Asisknowntousall，hehasremainedloyal

hispoliticalprinciplesandhewillneverbetrayhismotherland.9.Bicyclesareenvironmentallyfriendlybecausetheywon’tgive______wastegas.willbeabandonedtoreduceFortunatelytooff10.Theenterpriseshave

(thorough)implementedwhattheyhavepromisedtothepublic.thoroughlyⅢ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(话题写作之人际交往)1.我一直和我的同学相处得不好，我不知道如何和他们交流。(havebeendoing)__________________________________________________________________________________________2.要是我一直困在这种糟糕的情况中会怎么样呢？(Whatif)__________________________________________________IhavebeengettingonbadlywithmyclassmatesandIdon’tknowhowtocommunicatewiththem.WhatifIkeepbeingtrappedinsuchaterriblesituation?3.我亲爱的老师们一直告诉我：“只要你足够自信，抓住每个和别人聊天的机会，你就可以改变这种情况。”(aslongas)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.如果老师们没有帮助我，我就不会和我的同学交朋友了。(if引导的虚拟语气)_______________________________________________________________________________________Mydearteacherskeeptellingme，“Aslongasyouareconfidentenoughandgraspeverychancetochatwithothers，youcantransformthesituation.”Iftheteachershadn’tgivenmeahand，Iwouldn’thavemadefriendswithmyclassmates.返回STEPTHREE单元词汇·串记语境填词

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：现在完成进行时)Borninawealthyfamily，mynephew，Jack，ledsuchathoroughlydecentandcosylifethathehardlymetwithcrueladversities.Hehasbeendreamingofanadventuresincehewasyoung.At18，Jack1.

tojoinanexpeditionadvertisedinthenewspaper，buttheleaderturnedhimdownbecausehethoughtJackwasnot2.

.Fullofvigour，qualified，resolve，aboard，fortunately，sink，enthusiasticresolvedqualifiedJackneverabandonedhisdreamforhewasso3.

aboutagreatvoyage.At19，hejoinedthenavyandwasassignedtobeastewardwit