考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学考试押题卷含答案详解4_第1页
考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学考试押题卷含答案详解4_第2页
考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学考试押题卷含答案详解4_第3页
考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学考试押题卷含答案详解4_第4页
考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学考试押题卷含答案详解4_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩332页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

从1992年到2003年的11年间,这些科学家按照农民的方法种植水稻,控制一切可能

妨碍取得良好收成的因素,但是并不包括温度和二氧化碳这两种因素。在研究所的农场,夜间平均温度比外面高出1.8º华氏度,结果水稻产量平均下降了10%。科学家就此得出的结论是:较热的夜晚可能会加快水稻的呼吸作用,并使其活动加剧并消耗能量。

【答案】【参考译文】11yearsfrom1992to2003,thescientistsinaccordancewiththemethodoffarmersgrowrice,controlallobstaclesmayachievegoodharvest,butnotthesetwofactorsincludingtemperatureandcarbondioxide.Ontheinstitute'sfarm,theaveragenighttimetemperaturewas1.8degreesFahrenheithigherthanoutside,resultinginanaverage10percentdropinriceproduction.Thescientistsconcludedthatwarmernightsmayspeedupricerespiration,increaseactivityandexpendenergy.

2.写作题

Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowifeacompositionentitledHowtoS(“\'etheProblemofPollution.Youshouldwriteatleast200words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow.WriteyourcompositiononAnswerSheet2.

1.随着社会的发展,各种原因造成的污染越来越严重

2.这些污染对我们生活的影响

3.我们应该如何减少污染

【答案】略

3.单选题

Forcenturiesanimalshavebeenusedas()forpeopleinexperimentstoassesstheeffectsoftherapeuticandotheragentsthatmightlaterbeusedinhumans.

问题1选项

A.benefactors

B.companions

C.precedent

D.surrogates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:benefactor“捐助者”;B:companion“同伴”;C:precedent“先例”;D:surrogate“代理;代用品,代替”。句意:几个世纪以来,动物在实验中被用作人类的替代品,用来评价那些以后会用在人类身上的医疗制剂和其他制剂的效果。根据语境和句意可知D为正确答案。

4.单选题

Afterthedisaster,thetruth()usthatahealthyhabitoflivingcankeepusawayfromsometerriblediseases.

问题1选项

A.focusedon

B.imposedon

C.dawnedon

D.leanedon

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在这场灾难后,我们渐渐明白一个事实:一个健康的生活习惯能让我们远离一些可怕的疾病。

考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。focuson集中注意力于,聚焦于;imposeon利用,欺骗,施加影响于;dawnon被理解,渐渐明白;leanon依赖,靠在……上。故选C。

5.单选题

Thefightcouldhavebeenavoidedifbothofyouhadbeenableto(

)youranger.

问题1选项

A.holdback

B.holdon

C.holdout

D.holdup

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。holdback“隐藏,退缩,抑制”;holdon“紧紧抓住,不挂断电话”;holdout“坚持,伸出,提供”;holdup“举起,阻挡”。句意:如果你们都能克制住自己的怒火,这场争吵本来是可以避免的。A项符合题意。

6.单选题

Afakecanbedefinedasanartworkintendedtodeceive.Themotivesofitscreatoraredecisive,andthemeritoftheobjectitselfisaseparateissue.ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheArtofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.

ThegreaterpartofFake?isdevotedtoachronologicalsurveysuggestingthatfakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.InmedievalEurope,becauseartwascelebratedmoreforitsdevotionalusesthanforitsprovenanceortheingenuityofitscreators,thefakingofartwasvirtuallynonexistent.ThemodernageoffakingbeganintheItalianRenaissance,withtwolinkeddevelopments:apassionateidentificationwiththeworldofantiquityandagrowingsenseofindividualartisticidentity.ApatronoftheyoungMichelangeloprevailedupontheartisttomakehisSculptureSleepingCupidlookasthoughithadbeenburiedintheearthsothat“itwillbetakenforantique,andyouwillsellitmuchbetter.”Withinafewyears,however,beginningwithhisfirstmasterpiece,theBacchus,Michelangelohadshownhiscontemporariesthatgreatartcanassimilateandtranscendwhatcamebefore,resultinginawhollyoriginalwork.Soonhisgeniusmadehimtheobjectofimitators.

Fake?Alsoremindsusthatincertainculturesauthenticityisaforeignconcept.ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.Asanillustration,thestudycomparestwoversionsofachiwaramaskmadebytheBambarapeopleofMali.Onehaspegsallowingittobeattachedtoacapforitsintendedceremonialpurpose.Thesecond,otherwiseidentical,lacksthepegsandisareplicamadeforsale.Africancarvingisnotoriouslydifficulttodate,buteveniftheritualmaskisrecent,madeperhapstoreplaceadamagedpredecessor,andthereplicamucholder,onlytheritualmaskshouldbeseenasauthentic,foritistiedtotheform’soriginalfunction.That,atleast,istheconsensusoftheso-calledexperts.OnewonderswhethertheBambaranartistswouldagree.

56.Thepassagecanbestbedescribedasdoingwhichoneofthefollowing?

57.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’smainpoint?

58.TheauthorprovidesatleastoneexampleofeachofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

59.Theauthorimplieswhichoneofthefollowingabouttheartisticmeritsoffakes?

60.Bythestandarddescribedinthelastparagraphofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredauthentic?

问题1选项

A.Reconcilingvariedpointsofview.

B.Chroniclingtheevolutionofaphenomenon.

C.Exploringacomplexquestion.

D.Advocatinganewapproach.

问题2选项

A.Whetheraworkofartisfakeornotislessimportantthanwhetherithasartisticmerit.

B.Itispossibletoshowthataworkofartisfake,buttheauthenticityofaworknotbeprovedconclusively.

C.Avarietyofcircumstancesmakeitdifficulttodeterminewhetheraworkofartcanappropriatelybecalledafake.

D.Thefakingofarthasoccurredthroughouthistoryandinvirtuallyeveryculture.

问题3选项

A.categoriesofartthatareneitherwhollyfakenorwhollyoriginal

B.contemporaryartistswhoseworkshaveinspiredfakes

C.qualitiesthatartcollectorshaveprizedintheiracquisitions

D.culturesinwhichthefakingofartflourished

问题4选项

A.Afakemayormaynothaveartisticmeritinitsownright,regardlessofthecircumstancesofitsproduction.

B.Whetherafakehasartisticmeritdependsonwhetheritscreatorisaccomplishedasanartist.

C.Theartisticmeritoffakedependsonthemeritoftheoriginalworkthatinspiredthefake.

D.Afakecanbesaidtohaveartisticmeritonlyiftheattempteddeceptionissuccessful.

问题5选项

A.AnancientRomancopyofanancientGreeksculpture.

B.Amodernreconstructionofamedievalaltarpiecedesignedtoserveitstraditionalroleinaserviceofworship.

C.Aprintofapaintingsignedbytheartistwhopaintedtheoriginal.

D.ApaintingbegunbyRenaissancemasterandfinishedbyhisassistantsafterhisdeath.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“这篇文章可以最好的描述为在做下列哪一种事情?”。通读全文可知,都在从各个角度讲述赝品其实是另外一件艺术品这样一个复杂的问题,作者认为虽然创造者的动机是欺骗性的,但是这件艺术品本身的特质是另外一回事;而且在文中作者举了相关的例子加以说明,例如第二段第二句InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.(在罗马帝国时期,人们对收藏早期希腊艺术品有着广泛的兴趣,因此也热衷于伪造艺术品。毫无疑问,现在作为“罗马复制品”展出的许多雕塑最初被冒充为希腊雕塑)提到,罗马的艺术品很多是希腊当时的仿造品,但是现在仍然被视为珍宝。通过分析,C项“探索一个复杂的问题”符合题意。A项“调和不同的观点”,文中没有提到不同的观点;B项“记录某一现象的演变”,文中也没有记录赝品现象的演变;D项“提倡新方法”不符合文章大意。因此该题选C。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“下列哪个选项最好地表达了作者的主要观点?”。根据文章的第一段Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.(事实上,它可能同样被命名为“原创?”;而且这篇文章一开始就没有任何可能性介于这两个极端之间;其中包括大师风格的追随者的作品、有意的古语、为教学目的的复制以及商业复制品的生产)可知,一件艺术品在各种情况下都没有可能性确定是赝品,所以C项“在各种各样的情况下,很难确定一件艺术品是否可以被恰当地称为赝品”符合题意。A项“一件艺术品是否赝品并不重要,重要的是它是否有艺术价值”,根据最后一段第二句ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时,很多非洲艺术品都是如此)可知,一件艺术品的重要之处还在于它的功能,A项片面,所以不选;B项“有可能证明一件艺术品是赝品,但无法最终证明一件艺术品的真伪”,文中提到没有任何可能证明一件艺术品是赝品,B项错误;D项“艺术造假在历史上和几乎每一种文化中都屡见不鲜”,选项本身没有错误,但是这不是文章主要的内容,文章主要是讨论赝品和艺术品的之间的区别和关系。因此该题选C。

58.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“除了哪一项之外,作者至少为下列每一项提供了一个例子?”。A项“既非完全赝品也非完全原创的艺术类别”,根据文章第一段ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheActofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?(马克•琼斯的《赝品:欺骗的艺术》一书,标题中的问号揭示了该研究更广泛的担忧。事实上,它可能同样被命名为“原创?”)可知,A项有所提及;B项“当代艺术家的作品激发了赝品的创作灵感”,文中没有相关提及的例子;根据第二段第一句fakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.(造假会助长人们收藏艺术品的多种不同动机,而且,总体而言,艺术收藏繁荣的时候,造假也就繁荣起来)可知,C项“这些品质是艺术收藏家在他们的藏品中所珍视的”和D项“伪造艺术盛行的文化”都有提及,只有B选项没有提到。因此该题选B。

59.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一项是关于赝品的艺术价值?”。根据第二段第一句onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes(总体而言,艺术收藏繁荣的时候,造假也就繁荣起来)可知,赝品有没有艺术价值,取决于艺术收藏是否盛行,所以A项“一件赝品本身可能有也可能没有艺术价值,与它的生产环境无关”符合题意。B项“一个赝品是否有艺术价值,取决于它的创作者是否作为一个艺术家完成”,根据第二段InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.(在罗马帝国时期,人们对收藏早期希腊艺术品有着广泛的兴趣,因此也热衷于伪造艺术品;毫无疑问,现在作为“罗马复制品”展出的许多雕塑最初被冒充为希腊雕塑)可知,一个赝品是否有价值和它的创作者是不是艺术家无关,B项错误;C项“赝品的艺术价值取决于激发赝品灵感的原作的价值”,最后一段第二句提到ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时,很多非洲艺术品都是如此),由此可知赝品的艺术价值也可以取决于它的功能;D项“一件赝品只有在欺骗成功的情况下才可以说是有艺术价值的”,内容与文章不符。因此该题选A。

60.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“根据文章最后一段所描述的标准,下列哪项会被认为是可信的?”。文章中最后一段第二句指出ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.(当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时,很多非洲艺术品都是如此),由此可知只有当收藏家是基于它的功能而把它视为艺术的时候,它才是真的;所以B项“现代重建的中世纪祭坛作品,为在礼拜仪式中发挥其传统作用而设计的”符合题意。A项“古希腊雕塑的古罗马复制品”不是最后一段的内容;C项“由原画作者签名的一幅画的复制品”和D项“一幅由文艺复兴时期的大师开始,在他死后由他的助手完成的画”在文中没有相关的出处。因此该题选B。

7.单选题

WhenIwassenttoprison,IreallyfeltIhad(

)myparents(

).

问题1选项

A.let...off

B.let...down

C.let...out

D.let...alone

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。let...off“放出,准许……暂停工作,宽恕”;let...down“使失望;辜负”;let...out“放出,泄漏”;let...alone“更不必说”。句意:当我被送进监狱的时候,我真的觉得我让我爸妈失望了。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Don’tgetmixedupinany()business.

问题1选项

A.funny

B.misty

C.foggy

D.behind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项funny“有趣的,好笑的,滑稽的”;B选项misty“模糊的;有雾的”;C选项foggy“有雾的;模糊的,朦胧的”;D选项behind“在……的后面;朝……后面”。根据固定搭配funnybusiness“见不得人的活动,不规矩的事,不道德的行为”可知该题选funny。句意:不要卷入任何不道德的行为中。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Thecourtconsidersafinancial______tobeanappropriatewayofpunishinghim.

问题1选项

A.option

B.obsession

C.obligation

D.penalty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项option“选择”;B选项obsession“痴迷,着魔,困扰”;C选项obligation“义务,责任”;D选项penalty“惩罚”。根据punishinghim可知D选项符合语义。句意:法院认为经济处罚是惩罚他的适当方式。

10.单选题

TheNorthVietnameseweretenacious,andinJanuary1968theylaunchedamassiveattackknownastheTetOffensive,whichseverelydamagedU.S.forces.

问题1选项

A.collective

B.hostile

C.aggressive

D.persistent

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.collective集体的,共有的B.hostile敌意的,敌对的

C.aggressive好斗的,挑衅的D.persistent执著的,不屈不挠的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】tenacious的意思为“顽强的,坚忍不拔的”,用来形容theNorthVietnamese,指的是他们非常英勇,persistent与之词义相近,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】北越人很顽强,1968年1月他们发动了大规模进攻,称为春节攻势,重创美军。

11.单选题

Robertsisanotedchemist().

问题1选项

A.aswellasaneffectiveteacher

B.andtooaveryefficientteacher

C.butheteachesverygoodinaddition

D.howeverheteachesverygoodalso

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词。A选项aswellas“和……一样,不但……而且”,连接两个句子或者短语,例句:Thegirlislivelyaswellashealthy.(这女孩既健康又漂亮。),所以A选项正确;B选项and和too不连用,应该改为andaveryefficientteachertoo才正确;C选项but“但是”,表示转折,罗伯特是一个著名的化学家和很好的老师应该是并列关系,而不是转折,所以C选项排除,同理D选项however“然而”,也是表示转折,故排除。句意:罗伯特是一位著名的化学家,也是一位卓有成效的老师。综上所述,本题的正确答案是A选项。

12.单选题

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare()off.

问题1选项

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.separated

D.screened

【答案】D

【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免,躲避”;excluded“排除,驱逐”;separated“分开,隔开”;screen“筛,过滤,屏蔽”。句意:来自外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球,但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。

13.单选题

Healwayshasalotof()ideasinhismind,andsometimeswedonotevenknowwhatheisthinkingabout.

问题1选项

A.novel

B.spoil

C.acceptable

D.additional

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。novel“新奇的,异常的”;spoil“掠夺”;acceptable“可接受的”;additional“另外的”。句意:他经常有许多新奇的想法,有时候我们甚至不知道他在想什么。A项符合题意。

14.单选题

ThenewdocumentaryBullyispowerfulstuff.Trytogetthroughevenjusttheopeningsequencewithouttearingup.Hopefullyitwillwakeupparents,teachers,andschooladministrators.Butlet’salsohopetheyrespondthoughtfullytothisburningfilm,becausetooofteninourrushtoaddressaproblem,Americaneducatorsandpoliticianshaveawell-intentionedoverreactionthatminimizescommonsenseinfavorofblanketsolutions.

ManyschoolsintheUnitedStatesaregenuinelytryingtocurbchild-on-childabuseand,atlonglast,arepayingmoreattentiontothecruel,unpleasantremarks.Butatthesametime,wehavetorememberthatnoteveryunpleasant,orevenadverse,interactionbetweenstudentsconstitutesbullying.Insomeplaces,anti-bullyingpoliciesarenowsoexpansivethattheymakeeye-rollingapunishableoffense,lumpingitinwithotherformsofverbalandphysicalassault.Doingsonotonlytakesaseriousissuetotherealmoftheabsurd,italsodilutestheimportanceofanti-bullyingeffortsingeneral.Ifeverythingisbullying,thennothingis.

Somekidshavealreadyfiguredouthowtoturnthenewsystemonitshead.Insomeschools’zealtoaddressbullying,everyclaimisimmediatelyelevatedbeyondtheclassroomteachertoameetingwiththeprincipal.AparentinCaliforniasaidthatlastmonththatanelementary-schoolbullybeganthreateningtoreporthervictimsasbulliessotheywouldhavetosufferthroughsuchameeting—andineffectcreatingabullyinghallofmirrors.

We’vebeenherebefore.Weaponsanddrugsinschoolsareaseriousproblem,too.Inresponse,schooldistricts,states,andthefederalgovernmentbegantofavorzero-tolerancepolicies.Inshortorder,“zero-tolerance”policiesbecamethejokingpointforlate-nightcomicsaskidsweresuspendedforbringingtoschoolaspirin,acnemedicine,oraG.I.Joedollwithasmallplasticgun.

Theobviouslessonthereandwithbullyingisthatthereisnosubstitutefordiscretionandjudgmentbytheadultsincharge.Insomecircumstances,eye-rollingcouldbeabusivebehaviorjustasaspirincanbeusedorabused.Butadultsshouldn’tgiveupthehardroleofmakingnuancedjudgmentcallsbycreatingridiculouslyrigiddisciplinecodes.Replacingthoughtlessinactionwiththoughtlessactionwon’tsolvetheproblem.

1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeople’sreactiontobullying?

2.Whatisthestrategyofthekidsindealingwithanti-bullyingpolicies?

3.The“zero-tolerance”policiestowardsdrugsandweaponsendedupbeing().

4.Theword“there”inthefirstlineofthelastparagraphrefersto().

问题1选项

A.Theywakeupthoughtfully.

B.Theydemonstratelittlecommonsense.

C.Theyattachimportancetothefilm.

D.Theygotoofar.

问题2选项

A.Toassaulttheprincipalatthemeeting.

B.Toturntheclassroomintoawallofmirrors.

C.Topayattentiontokids’verbalremarks.

D.Torenderthemineffectivebyabusingbullying.

问题3选项

A.elevated

B.suspended

C.ridiculed

D.condemned

问题4选项

A.witheye-rollingandpunishableoffenses

B.withverbalandphysicalassault

C.withaspirinandacnemedicine

D.withdrugsandweapons

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段最后一句“...Americaneducatorsandpoliticianshaveawell-intentionedoverreactionthatminimizescommonsenseinfavorofblanketsolutions.”因为在我们急于解决问题的过程中,美国教育家和政客往往出于善意,反应过度,而忽略了有利于全面解决方案的常识。所以选项D(他们反应过度)符合原文。选项B是选项D产生的结果,所以选项D更恰当。

2.根据第三段第一句“Somekidshavealreadyfiguredouthowtoturnthenewsystemonitshead.”有些孩子已经想出办法如何颠覆这个新系统。根据本段的例子也可以看出,孩子们恃强凌弱使得系统失去效率。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第四段最后一句““zero-tolerance”policiesbecamethejokingpoint.”零容忍政策成为了一个笑柄。选项C与原文意思相近。

4.根据原文可知,前面两段分别讲了校园欺凌和毒品武器的问题,最后一段总结这两种事件给人们带来的经验教训。所以there指的是持有毒品和武器,选项D符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

15.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Thelinkbetweenobesityandbirthdefect

B.Thelinkbetweenobesityanddiabetes

C.Theriskofbirthabnormalities

D.Theharmfuleffectsofobesity27.

问题2选项

A.Neuraltubedefects

B.Heartproblems

C.Cleftlipandpalate(唇腭裂)

D.Diabetes28.

问题3选项

A.20million

B.200million

C.400million

D.40million29.

问题4选项

A.Aweight-losssurgery

B.Abalanceddiet

C.Achangeoflifestyle

D.Moreexercise30.

问题5选项

A.Whyobesitycancausebirthdefects

B.Howobesitymaycausebirthdefects

C.Whyobesitycancausediabetes

D.Howobesitymaycausediabetes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】CatherineandothercolleaguesfromBritain’sNewCastleUniversitycombineddatafrom18studies(26)tolookattheriskofabnormalitiesofbabieswhosemotherswereobeseoroverweight.(27)Obesewomenwerenearlytwiceaslikelytohaveababywithneuraltubedefectswhicharecausedbytheincompletedevelopmentofthebrainorspinalcordthestudyfound.Foronesuchdefect,spinalbifida(脊柱裂),theriskmorethandoubled.Theresearchersalsodetectedincreasedchancesofheartdefect,cleftlipandpalate,wateronthebrain(脑积水)andproblemsinthegrowthofarmsandlegs.(28)TheWorldHealthOrganizationclassifiesaround400millionpeoplearoundtheworldasobese,including20millionundertheageof5,andthenumberisgrowing.ObesityraisestherisksofdiseasessuchastypeIIdiabetes,heartproblemsandisahealthconcernpilingpressureonanalreadyoverburdenednationalhealthsystem.Recentresearchhastightweighttootherproblemsduringpregnancy.(29)AteamfromtheRoundCorporationThinkTankinCaliforniareportedin2008thatwomenwhogetpregnantafterweightlosssurgerytendtobehealthierandlesslikelytodeliverababybornwithcomplicationscomparedtoobesewomen.(30)Furtherstudymayshowhowobesitymaycausetheseproblems,JulietatNewCastleUniversityresearcherwhoworkedonthestudysaidinatelephoneinterview.Womenwhoarethinkingabouttryingforababyneedtochecktheirownweightfirst,andthenthinkaboutseekinghelpiftheyareoverweight.

26.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】全文围绕“肥胖的女性生的孩子更容易发生异常”展开,A选项“肥胖和出生缺陷”符合,故选A。

27.Babieswhosemothersareobesemayhaveincreasedchancesofthefollowingdiseasesexcept?

【解析】其余三种缺陷“neuraltubedefects,cleftlipandpalate,diabetes”文中都有提及,都有可能由母亲的肥胖引起,而糖尿病是针对母亲本人而言的,故选D。

28.AccordingtotheWHO,howmanypeopleareclassifiedasobesearoundtheworld?

【解析】文中提到世界卫生组织将约4亿人归为肥胖,故选C。

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuggestionforobesewomenwhoplantohaveababy?

【解析】那些做了减重手术的怀孕女性更健康,生的孩子更不容易有先天缺陷。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whatmaybethefocusoffurtherstudies?

【解析】将来的研究焦点可能在于“howobesitymaycausetheseproblems”,theseproblems指先天缺陷。

16.填空题

Who(

)youhowtowriteChinesecharacters?Yourcalligraphyisreallyimpressive!

【答案】

taught

【解析】语义题。句意:谁你写书法?你的书法真令人钦佩!因此空格处应为“教”。而且此处应为过去式,故填taught。

17.单选题

Mostimportantly,suchanexperiencehelps(

)aheightenedsensitivitytootherculturesandwillbringaboutagreaterappreciationofone’sowncultureaswell.

问题1选项

A.coach

B.forsake

C.foster

D.censor

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。foster“培养,促进”;coach“训练,指导”;forsake意为“遗弃,抛弃”;censor意为“审查,检查”。句意:最重要的是,这样的经历能促使人们对其他文化的感受性,并使他们更欣赏自己的文化。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn’tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.

IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.

Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane(错综复杂的)thanIhadexpected(orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool).AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities(男生联谊会)andsororities(女生联谊会)wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.

Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.

Tohigh-schoolseniorswhowanttoavoidmakingthesamemistakeIdid,myadviceissimple:don'tapplyunderEarlyDecisionunlessyouareabsolutelysurethattheschoolisyourfirstchoice.And,justasimportant,don’tletyourparentsorcollege-guidancecounselorspersuadeyoutoapplyunderEarlyDecision.Theymayhavetheirownagenda,oratleasttheirownperceptionofwhoyouareandwhatyouwant.AsIdiscovered,noonecanreallyknowwhatyouwantbetterthanyourself,andevenyoumayneedtimetofigureoutwhatthatis.

1.ThemainreasonsfortheauthortoapplyunderEarlyDecisionare().

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemainadvantageofEarlyDecisionisthat()

3.Thedescriptionoftheauthor’sfeelingsinParagraph2showsthat().

4.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat().

5.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems().

问题1选项

A.prideandambition

B.dreamandfear

C.easinessandeffort-saving

D.trouble-savingandrelease

问题2选项

A.youcangraduatefromthehighschoolearlier

B.youdon'tworryabouttheresults

C.youneedn'ttaketheentranceexamination

D.you’remorelikelytobeaccepted

问题3选项

A.heissatisfiedwithhischoice

B.therearemanyadvantagesofbeingacceptedearlier

C.lesseffortisneededunderEarlyDecision

D.heishappywithanddoubtsabouthisdecision

问题4选项

A.afillconsiderationisneededbeforeapplying

B.studentsshouldavoidtheshortcut

C.aquickdecisionwilldoyounogood

D.theauthorshouldn'tapplyunderEarlyDecision

问题5选项

A.regretful

B.optimistic

C.gloomy

D.sensitive

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题干询问:作者根据“提前申请”原则申请学校主要是因为什么?根据原文第一段第一句“Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.”可知,我提前申请宾夕法尼亚大学主要是因为有两种强烈的情感驱使我这么做:雄心和恐惧。因此,B项“梦想与恐惧”符合原文表述,故本题正确答案为B选项。

第2题:2.推理判断题。题干询问:从原文可以推断出“提前申请”的主要优势是什么?根据原文第一段第四句“Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.”可知,提前申请政策能大大提高被录取的几率,因此D选项“你更可能被录取”符合原文内容,而其他三项在原文中均未提及,故本题正确答案为D选项。

第3题:3.细节事实题。题干询问:作者在第二段中的情感描述是为了说明什么?首先,作者在第二段第二句讲到“Iwasthrilledandrelieved”,说明作者在得知提前申请通过时,他很兴奋也感到释然”,而根据第二段第六句“Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.”可知,作者在看到其他同学因为申请其他学校或喜或忧的时候,他并没觉得自己提前申请成功是什么高兴的事,而当他看到班上有很多同学考上了布朗大学时,他又想知道如果自己也报考的话,能不能也考得上。由此可见,他对自己提前申请学校产生了怀疑。所以,综合对比四个选项,只有D选项“他对自己的决定既开心又怀疑”最能概述原文信息,故本题正确答案为D选项。

第4题:4.推理判断题。题干询问:我们可以从文中总结出什么内容?原文首先讲述了作者依据“提前申请”政策选择了宾夕法尼亚大学,但在看到别人还在费尽心思通过学校申请时,他又产生了动摇,而在真正进入学校之后他发现自己不适合这所学校,所以最后又费劲转学。作者通过自己的申请经验得出结论:并不是每个人都适合提前申请学校。作者建议高三学生要思考一下自己想要什么,是不是真正适合提前申请学校,同时也不要轻易被他人的思想左右。因此,A选项“在申请之前,需要充分考虑”最符合原文内容表述;B选项“学生应该避免捷径”表述错误,作者只是希望学生们可以多思考一下以免将来后悔自己的决定,并非不能通过这种方式进入大学;C选项“匆忙做决定无益”不可由文章总结得出,作者只是希望学生能从多方面考量之后再提前申请学校;D选项“作者不应该提前申请学校”与原文内容不符,作者只是没有考虑好自己的意向学校,并非不能申请。因此,本题正确答案为A选项。

第5题:5.观点态度题。题干询问:从文中我们可以明白,作者似乎是……。A选项regretful表示“遗憾的,后悔的”;B选项optimistic表示“乐观的”;C选项gloomy表示“忧郁的”;D选项sensitive表示“敏感的”。作者主要通过自己提前申请学校后又对学校不满意进而转学的经验指出,大家在提前申请学校时一定要考虑好自己想要什么,不要轻易受别人影响。由此可见,作者对于自己的这次申请经验比较遗憾,因此本题正确答案为A选项。

19.单选题

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpreindustrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Modemcomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760—1840)when10to12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Evenwithextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s,butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojust50hoursbythestartofthe1930’s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,Fordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuc

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论