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12/12此篇适合:政治类(同WWII三巨头联系)、历史类(同WWII联系)、国际类、社会类、行为类、抽象类题目ﻫﻫ相距比较远,需要引申的范围:教育(关于GI教育立法引申)、科技ﻫ
这里插播一段:
例子要找精良的,一个例子就可以cover掉近六成题目才叫爽快,而且例子要深挖,永远注意一点——深度〉广度>>泛度。ﻫ
文章逻辑的贯穿,不仅仅要通过ideas,如果做得好,一个素材的不同角度不同层面也可以完成烘托一个topic。如果怕这样会被认为知识面单一,就太吹毛求疵了,总共六百余字,你写的再多也不过四五个浅浅的例子。AW看的是analytical,logical。rater想要的是一个acceptableinsight.
0810G备考之初我就做过18个黄金素材,每个都可以适用于六成以上的题目,每个素材都可以独立支撑起一篇文章,同时还可以18个之间环环相扣。ﻫ
在这里分享给大家几个淘汰下来的(0910G我也要考,需要自我保护一下啦~不过考完之后会悉数奉送)
ﻫ
TheAmericanG.I。
Fromdisparaterootsbutunitedbypatrioticcourage,U.S.soldierspreservedfreedomaroundtheworld
ByCOLINPOWELLﻫ
DubiousInfluences:Century’sVillainsandAntiheroesﻫFiveCaptivatingRomances:WhenLoveWastheAdventure
Monday,June14,1999ﻫﻫﻫAsChairmanoftheJointChiefsofStaff,Ireferredtothemenandwomenofthearmedforcesas”G.I.s."Itgotmeintroublewithsomeofmycolleaguesatthetime.Severalyearsearlier,theArmyhadofficiallyexcisedthetermasanunfavorablecharacterizationderivedfromthedesignation”governmentissue."SailorsandMarineswantedtobeknownassailorsandMarines.Airmen,notwithstandingtheiroriginsasariboftheArmy,wishedtobecalledsimplyairmen。Collectively,theywereblandlyreferredtoas”servicemembers."ﻫ
IpersistedinusingG。I。sandfoundIwasingoodcompany.Newspapersandtelevisionshowsuseditallthetime.ThemostfamousandsuccessfulgovernmenteducationprogramwasknownastheG.I.Bill,anditstillusesthattitleforanewergenerationofveterans。Whenyouaddedoneofthemostcommonboy'snamestoit,yougotG。I.Joe,andthenameofthemostpopularboy'stoyever,theG.I.Joeactionfigure(这就是为什么我们要用GI而不是解放军,要以彼之道还施彼身,用能同鬼子的内心产生共鸣的例子去吸引他们。同样是用例子,在保证了可以明晰阐述本段的point之后,我们要做的就是力所能及得使例子更简洁,更能被rater接受,同时也要通过例子去抓住rater的好感).Andlet’snotforgetG。I。Jane.
G.I。isaWorldWarIItermthattwogenerationslatercontinuestoconjureupthewarmestandproudestmemoriesofanoblewarthatpittedpuregoodagainstpureevil—andgoodtriumphed(这句话不错的很,满足了鬼子的虚荣,同时展示了GI的正面必要特征).ThevictorsinthatwarweretheAmericanG.I.s,theWilliesandJoes,thefarmerfromIowaandthesteelworkerfromPittsburghwhosteppedoffalandingcraftintothehellofOmahaBeach.TheG。I。wasthewisecrackingkidMarinefromBrooklynwhoclawedhiswayupadeadlyhillonaPacificisland。HewasablackfighterpilotescortingwhitebomberpilotsoverItalyandGermany,provingthatskincolorhadnothingtodowithskillorcourage.HewasanativeJapanese—Americaninfantrymanreleasedfromhisowncountry'sconcentrationcamptojointhefight.Shewasanurserelievingtheagonyofadyingteenager。Hewasapettyofficerstandingontheedgeofaheavingaircraftcarrierwithtwosignalpaddlesinhishands,helpingguideadive-bomberpilotbackontothedeck.(橙色这段不是例子,但是其描述语言非常值得我们记住)ﻫ
TheywereAmerica.Theyreflectedourdiverseorigins.TheyweretheembodimentoftheAmericanspiritofcourageanddedication。Theyweretrulya”people'sarmy,"goingforthonacrusadetosavedemocracyandfreedom,todefeattyrants,tosaveoppressedpeoplesandtomaketheirfamiliesproudofthem(i'mnotheretojudge,但是人家确实是这样想的。大家换位思考一下,如果一个人跟你聊天想让你给他出谋划策如何装饰布置家里,有两种方式:夸你家布置的多么多么精巧有品位,做饭的时候厨房收拾的干干净净;或者天天说你不叠被子想从你身上找些反面素材。哪一个你更喜欢呢?persuasion和negotiation的一个重要技巧就是得到对方信任,争取对方好感。有了好感之后,说啥啥简单。)。TheywerethePrivateRyans,andtheystoodfirminthethinredline(大兵ryan都上了,这个是基于familiar例子之上的另一个层次,也就是引用rater非常熟知的意识形态。再用聊天做比喻,如果聊天的时候一直在说——"我跟你说啊,这个你不懂的"好呢?还是这样说——”看这个,比如就像你XX时候做的XX事一样,其实很类似的,只要看清本质,你没有问题的!").
FormostofthoseG.I。s,WorldWarIIwastheadventureoftheirlifetime。Nothingtheywouldeverdointhefuturewouldmatchtheirexperiencesasthewarriorsofdemocracy,savingtheworldfromitsowninsanity。YoucanstillseethemineveryFourthofJulycolorguard,theirgaitfalteringbuteverproud.
Theirforebearswentbyothernames:doughboys,Yanks,buffalosoldiers,JohnnyReb,RoughRiders。But”G。I."willbeforeverlodgedintheconsciousnessofournationtoapplytothemall.TheG.I.carriedthevaluesystemoftheAmericanpeople(注意,analyticalwriting要走academic路线,要适当cheerupraters,但是要有度,过犹不及).TheG.I。swerethesurestguaranteeofAmerica'scommitment.Formorethan200years,theyansweredthecalltofightthenation'sbattles.Theyneverwentforthasmercenariesontheroadtoconquest.Theywentforthasreluctantwarriors,ascitizensoldiers.
Theywereasgentleinvictoryastheywereviciousinbattle.I'vehadsurvivorsofNaziconcentrationcampstellmeofthejoytheyexperiencedastheG.I.sliberatedthem:Americahadarrived!I'vehadawealthyJapanesebusinessmancomeintomyofficeandtellmewhatitwaslikeforhimasachildin1945toawaitthearrivalofthedreadedAmericanbeasts,andinsteadmeetasmilingG。I.whogavehimaHersheybar.Inthanks,thebusinessmanwasdonatingalargesumofmoneytotheUSO.Afterthankinghim,IgavehimasasouveniraHersheybarIhadautographed。Hetookitandbegantocry。
The20thcenturycanbecalledmanythings,butitwasmostcertainlyacenturyofwar(这个做例子的头一句要比"hereisaexample"给人更多的阅读愉悦感吧)。TheAmericanG.I。shelpeddefeatfascismandcommunism(单从这个,就可以开辟引申出WWII全图,政治、历史、社会类topic一网打尽)。TheycamehomeintriumphfromtheferociousbattlefieldsofWorldWarsIandII。InKoreaandVietnam(名词列举,很累,因为要记住很多,但是如果定向去记忆,撑死超不过50个词。不过有一点,列举的时候一定要找盖棺定论的。)theyfoughtjustasbravelyasanyoftheirpredecessors,butnotriumphantreceptionsawaitedthemathome(默默无闻的付出?想没想起那个forgottengroups的ISSUE题目?)。TheysoldieredonthroughthetwilightstrugglesofthecoldwarandshowedwhattheywerecapableofinDesertStorm。TheAmericanpeopletookthemintotheirheartsagain.
ﻫInthiscenturyhundredsofthousandsofG。I。sdiedtobringtothebeginningofthe21stcenturythevictoryofdemocracyastheascendantpoliticalsystemonthefaceoftheearth.TheG。I。swerewillingtotravelfarawayandgivetheirlives,ifnecessary(sopretty的一个插入语),tosecuretherightsandfreedomsofothers。Onlyanationsuchasours,basedonafirmmoralfoundation,couldmakesucharequestofitscitizens(nojudge,他们就是这么"自信",我们要鄙视么?可以,不过考试的时候,可以适当利用一下).AndtheG.I.swantednothingmorethantogetthejobdoneandthenreturnhomesafely.Alltheyaskedforinrepaymentfromthosetheyfreedwastheopportunitytohelpthembecomepartoftheworldofdemocracy——andjustenoughlandtoburytheirfallencomrades,beneathsimplewhitecrossesandStarsofDavid(注意这个StarsofDavid,此句一出,效果相当明显的,虽然咱们不清楚是咋回事,但是鬼子一看到之后,脑袋里就会映现出来的)。
ThevolunteerG。I.softodaystandwatchinKorea,thePersianGulf,EuropeandthedangerousterrainoftheBalkans.Wemustneverseethemasmerehirelings,offinacornerofoursociety。Theyareourbest,andweowethemourfullsupportandoursincerestthanks(又在煽情,不过对那个forgottengroups的题目来说,做一个倒数第二段的升华段TS应该很pretty吧)。
Asthiscenturycloses,welookbacktoidentifythegreatleadersandpersonalitiesofthepast100years.Wedosoinaworldstilltroubled,butfullofpromise。ThatpromisewasgainedbytheyoungmenandwomenofAmericawhofoughtanddiedforfreedom。Nearthetopofanylistingofthemostimportantpeopleofthe20thcenturymuststand,insingularhonor,theAmericanG.I.GeneralColinPowell,formerChairmanoftheJointChiefsofStaff,isnowchairmanofAmerica'sPromise
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ﻫAPRooseveltsitsatthesteeringwheelofhisautomobileinApril1939ﻫ此篇与上一个是一个素材逻辑体系的两个层面:大众Vs.领导、国际Vs.国内、全局Vs。细节
此篇适合(基本全包了):政治类(同WWII三巨头联系)、历史类(同WWII联系)、国际类、社会类、行为类、抽象类、教育类、科技类
ﻫ
ﻫ
FranklinDelanoRoosevelt(务必注意,如果是举例的话,一定要说是Franklin
Roosevelt,米国有两个Roosevelt的)ﻫHeliftedtheU.S.outofeconomicdespairandrevolutionizedtheAmericanwayoflife.Thenhehelpedmaketheworldsafefordemocracy
ByARTHURSCHLESINGERJR。
ﻫPersonoftheCentury:Runner-Up:FranklinDelanoRoosevelt
BillClinton:FDRWasCaptainCourageous
Intro:OurCentury。。。andtheNextOneﻫ21stCentury:TheShapeoftheFuture
Monday,April13,1998
”Perhapsnoformofgovernment,"saidLordBryce,"needsgreatleaders(对于题库敏感的同学看到这个要心跳一下了,很fit。所以,搜集例子之前,要保证对题库全局足够的熟悉,我的建议是先看4遍题库,具体看题库的方法请看diesinflames组作业安排对应部分)asmuchasdemocracy."Fordemocracyisnotself—executing。Ittakesleadershiptobringdemocracytolife.Greatdemocraticleadersarevisionaries。Theyhaveaninstinctfortheirnation'sfuture,acoursetosteer,aporttoseek.Throughtheircapacityforpersuasion,theywintheconsentoftheirpeopleandcallforthdemocracy'sinnerresources.(这个描述你行吗?不行就学下去,不过说实在的,看我这个帖子的人太多太多了,如果纸背照搬会会雷同,没有啥所谓的”俺之抄三分之一或者一半就可以",引用最合理比喻,所有小概率乘以庞大的国内人口基数都会很大很大,所以记住,抄我的,必定雷同。同时请永远记住一点,我在所有帖子中,都只会点拨.核心原则是【授人以渔】,学会了如何"钓鱼"之后,一定要自己去钓才行)
ﻫDemocracyhasbeenaroundforabit,butthe20thcenturyhasbeenthecrucialcenturyofitstrial,testingandtriumph。Atthecentury'sstart,democracywasthoughttobespreadingirresistiblyacrosstheworld.ThentheGreatWar,thewarof1914-18,showedthatdemocracycouldnotassurepeace.Postwardisillusionactivateddemocracy'stwodeadlyfoes:fascismandcommunism。SoontheGreatDepressioninthe1930sshowedthatdemocracycouldnotassureprosperityeither,andthetotalitariancreedsgatheredmomentum.(现在的经济危机有是一次了,可以联系起来,这个视角的放大,100年都进去了)
ﻫTheSecondWorldWarfounddemocracyfightingforitslife(从而展开政治、历史类topic)。By1941therewereonlyadozenorsodemocraticstatesleftonearth。Butgreatleadershipemergedintimetorallythedemocraticcause。Futurehistorians,lookingbackatthismostbloodyofcenturies,willverylikelyregardthe32ndPresidentoftheU.S.,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt,astheleadermostresponsibleformobilizingdemocraticenergiesandfaithfirstagainsteconomiccollapseandthenagainstmilitaryterror.ﻫﻫF。D.R.wasthebestlovedandmosthatedAmericanPresidentofthe20thcentury。Hewaslovedbecause,thoughpatricianbybirth,upbringingandstyle,hebelievedinandfoughtforplainpeople—forthe”forgottenman"(andwoman),forthe"thirdofthenation,ill—housed,ill-clad,ill-nourished."(激动没激动?熟悉不熟悉?和题库里的多少题目配的上?)Hewaslovedbecauseheradiatedpersonalcharm,joyinhiswork,optimismforthefuture。EvenCharlesdeGaulle,whowellknewRoosevelt’sdisdainforhim,succumbedtothe"glitteringpersonality,"asheputit,of”thatartist,thatseducer。”"Meetinghim,"saidWinstonChurchill,"waslikeuncorkingabottleofchampagne."ﻫﻫButhewashatedtoo—(橙色字的这个文章结构,真的不错的很)hatedbecausehecalledforchange,andthechangesheproposedreducedthepower,status,incomeandself-esteemofthosewhoprofitedmostfromtheoldorder(OMG,从这里能引出的东西,太多太多了)。Hatredishappilymorefleetingthanlove。Themenwhosatintheirclubsdenouncing"thatmanintheWhiteHouse,”that"traitortohisclass,"havediedoff。TheirchildrenandgrandchildrenmostlyfindtheNewDealreformsfamiliar,benignandbeneficial.
WhenpollsterJohnZogbyrecentlyaskedpeopletoratethecentury'sPresidents,F。D。R.ledthepack,eventhoughonlyseptuagenariansandtheirelderscanrememberhimintheWhiteHouse.HistoriansandpoliticalscientistsareunanimousinplacingF.D。R。withWashingtonandLincolnasourthreegreatestPresidents。
EvenRepublicanshavecometoapplaudthismostsuccessfulofDemocrats。RonaldReaganvotedfourtimesforF。D。R.NewtGingrichcallsF。D.R.thegreatestPresidentofthecentury.BobDolepraisesF.D。R.asan"energeticandinspiringleaderduringthedarkdaysoftheDepression;atough,single-mindedCommanderinChiefduringWorldWarII;andastatesman."
F.D。R。wasnotaperfectman.Intheserviceofhisobjectives,hecouldbe,andoftenwas,devious,guileful,manipulative,evasive,dissembling,underhanded,evenruthless(对于反面我们应该如何做呢?请参照我在GI那里说的东西,自己想明白).Buthehadgreatstrengths。Herelishedpowerandorganized,ordisorganized,hisAdministrationsothatconflictamonghissubordinateswouldensurethatthebigdecisionswouldcometohim。Apoliticiantohisfingertips,herejoicedinpartycombat."I'manoldcampaigner,andIloveagoodfight,"hewouldsay,and"JudgemebytheenemiesIhavemade."Anoptimistwhofoughthisownbravewaybackfrompolio,hebroughtconfidenceandhopetoascaredandstrickennation。
Hewasarealistinmeansbutanidealistinends.Aboveall,F。D.R。stoodforhumanityagainstideology。The20thwasthemostideologicalofcenturies.AdolfHitlerandJosephStalinsystematicallysacrificedmillionstofalseandterribledogmas.Evenwithinthedemocracies,ideologuesbelievedthattheGreatDepressionimposedaneither/orchoice:ifyouabandonlaissez-faire,youarecondemnedtototalstatism."Partialregimentationcannotbemadetowork,"saidHerbertHoover,"andstillmaintainlivedemocraticinstitutions。"
Againsttheworshipofabstractions,F。D.R。wantedtofindpracticalwaystohelpdecentmenandwomenstrugglingdaybydaytomakeahappierworldforthemselvesandtheirchildren。Histechniquewas,ashesaid,”bold,persistentexperimentation.。。Takeamethodandtryit.Ifitfails,admititfranklyandtryanother.Butaboveall,trysomething."Exceptforthepartaboutadmittingfailurefrankly,thatwasthepracticeofhisAdministration(这段里关于血腥部分的描述,不推荐用,没什么实际效果,不过其他的还是很好的)。ﻫﻫ下面一半是关于执政细节和depression的,你们自己挑一下试试,练习练习我上面说的东西,挑好之后,可以在本贴后面跟楼,我会给前三名同学的挑选做分析和解答
ﻫWhenhecametoofficein1933,laissez-fairehadunderminedthetemplesofcapitalism,thrownaquarterofthelaborforceoutofwork,cutthegrossnationalproductalmostinhalfandprovokedmutteringsofrevolution.Nooneknewwhythingshadgonewrongorhowtosetthemright。Onlycommunistswerehappy,seeingintheGreatDepressiondecisiveproofofKarlMarx’sprophecythatcapitalismwouldbedestroyedbyitsowncontradictions。
ﻫThenF。D。R.appeared,amagnificent,serene,exhilaratingpersonality,buoyantlyembodyingnewideas,newcourage,newconfidenceinAmerica’sabilitytoregaincontroloveritsfuture。HisNewDealswiftlyintroducedmeasuresforsocialprotection,regulationandcontrol。Laissez—faireideologuesandRoosevelthaterscriedthathewasputtingthecountryontheroadtocommunism,theonlyalternativepermittedbytheeither/orcreed.ButRooseveltunderstoodthatSocialSecurity,unemploymentcompensation,publicworks,securitiesregulation,ruralelectrification,farmpricesupports,reciprocal-tradeagreements,minimumwagesandmaximumhours,guaranteesofcollectivebargainingandalltherestweresavingcapitalismfromitself.
”Thetestofourprogress,"hesaidinhissecondInaugural,”isnotwhetherweaddmoretotheabundanceofthosewhohavemuch,itiswhetherweprovideenoughforthosewhohavetoolittle."Thejobsituationimprovedinthe1930s,aidedbytheWorksProgressAdministration,thefamousWPA,withwhichgovernmentasemployeroflastresortbuiltschools,postoffices,airfields,parks,bridges,tunnelsandsewagesystems;protectedtheenvironment;andfosteredthearts.Bythe1940election,theanticapitalistvote,almostamillionin1932,haddwindledto150,000.
TheNewDealneverquitesolvedtheproblemofunemployment.ThoughF.D。R。wasportrayedasaprofligatespender,hislargestpeacetimedeficitwasafeeble$3.6billionin1936—farless,evenwhencorrectedforinflation,thandeficitsroutinelyproduced50yearslaterbyReagan。IttookWorldWarIIandtheDefenseDepartmenttocreatedeficitslargeenoughtowipeoutunemployment,provingthecaseforacompensatoryfiscalpolicy.
BeforeF。D.R.,theU。S。hadhadadepressionevery20yearsorso.Thebuilt-ineconomicstabilizersoftheNewDeal,vociferouslydenouncedbybusinessleadersatthetime,havepreservedthecountryagainstmajordepressionsformorethanahalf-century。F.D.R.’ssignaldomesticachievementwastorescuecapitalismfromthecapitalists.
”Wearefighting,"hesaidin1936,”tosaveagreatandpreciousformofgovernmentforourselvesandfortheworld。”F。D。R。’sbrilliant(andsometimesnotsobrilliant)improvisationsrestoredAmerica’sfaithindemocraticinstitutions。Elsewhereontheplanet,democracywasunderassault.HitlerwasonthemarchinEurope.JapanhadinvadedChinaanddreamedofaGreaterEastAsiaCo-ProsperitySphereunderJapanesedomination。
F.D.R.'seducationinforeignaffairshadbeenatthehandsoftwoPresidentshegreatlyadmired。TheodoreRoosevelt,hiskinsman(afifthcousin),taughthimnational-interest,balance—of-powergeopolitics.WoodrowWilson,whomheservedasAssistantSecretaryoftheNavy,gavehimthevisionofaworldbeyondbalancesofpower,aninternationalorderfoundedonthecollectivemaintenanceofthepeace.F.D.R。’sinternationalismusedT。R.’srealismastheheartofWilson'sidealism.
ButAmericans,disenchantedwiththeirparticipationintheGreatWar,hadturnedtheirbacksontheworldandrevertedtoisolationism.RigidneutralityactsdeniedthePresidentauthoritytodiscriminatebetweenaggressorstatesandtheirvictimsandtherebypreventedtheU.S.fromthrowingitsweightagainstaggression.ﻫ
Toawakenhiscountryfromitsisolationistslumber,Rooseveltbeganalong,urgent,eloquentcampaignofpopulareducation,warningthatuncheckedaggressionabroadwouldultimatelyendangertheU。S.itself。”LetnooneimaginethatAmericawillescape,thatAmericamayexpectmercy,”hesaid。Thedebatein1940—41betweenisolationistsandinterventionistswasthemostpassionatepoliticalargumentofmylifetime.ItcametoanabruptendwhenJapanesebombsfellonPearlHarbor.
ﻫAswarleader,F.D.R。pickedanextraordinaryteamofgeneralsandadmirals.InpartnershipwithChurchill,hepresidedoverthevitalstrategicdecisions.Andalso,inthefootstepsofWilson,hewasdeterminedthatvictoryshouldproduceaframeworkforlastingworldpeace.
Hesawthewarasbringingabouthistoricchanges—theriseofRussiaandChina,forexample,andtheendofWesterncolonialism。HetriedtopersuadetheBritishtogiveIndiaitsindependenceandtriedtostoptheFrenchfromrepossessingIndochina.IntheFourFreedomsand,withChurchill,intheAtlanticCharter,heproclaimedwaraimsinwordsthatcontinuetoexpresstheworld'saspirationstoday.
RememberingAmerica'sreversiontoisolationismafterWorldWarI,hesetouttoinvolvetheU.S.inpostwarstructureswhilethewarwasstillonandthecountrystillinaninternationalistframeofmind。”Anybodywhothinksthatisolationismisdeadinthiscountryiscrazy,"hesaidprivately。"Assoonasthiswarisover,itmaywellbestrongerthanever."
Inaseriesofconferencesin1944,hecommittedthecountrytointernationalmechanismsinavarietyoffields—financeandtrade,reliefandreconstruction,foodandagriculture,civilaviation。Mostofall,hesawtheUnitedNations,inthewordsofthediplomatCharlesE.Bohlen,as"theonlydevicethatcouldkeeptheU.S。fromslippingbackintoisolationism。"HearrangedfortheU.N。'sfoundingconferencetotakeplaceinSanFranciscobeforethewarwasover(thoughitturnedouttobeafterhisowndeathinApril1945attheageof63).
ThegreatriddleforthepeacewastheSovietUnion.PerhapsRoosevelt,assomeargue,shouldhaveconditionedaidtoRussiaduringthewaronpledgesofpostwargoodbehavior.ButthefateofthesecondfrontinthewestdependedontheRedArmy’sholdingdownNazidivisionsintheeast,andneitherRooseveltnorChurchillwantedtodelayStalin'smilitaryoffensives—ortodrivehimtomakeaseparatepeacewithHitler.
Withthewarapproachingitsend,thetwodemocraticleadersmetStalinatYalta.SomesaythatthismeetingbroughtaboutthedivisionofEurope。Infact,farfromendorsingSovietcontrolofEasternEurope,RooseveltandChurchillsecuredfromStalinpledgesof”theearliestpossibleestablishmentthroughfreeelectionsofgovernmentsresponsivetothewillofthepeople。”StalinhadtobreaktheYaltaagreementstoachievehisends—whichwouldseemtoprovetheagreementsweremoreintheWesternthantheSovietinterest。Infact,EasternEuropetodayiswhattheYaltaDeclarationsmandatedin1945.
Takealookatourpresentworld.ItismanifestlynotAdolfHitler'sworld。HisThousand—YearReichturnedouttohaveabriefandbloodyrunofadozenyears。ItismanifestlynotJosephStalin'sworld。Thatghastlyworldself—destructedbeforeoureyes。NorisitWinstonChurchill'sworld.Empireanditsglorieshavelongsincevanishedintohistory。
TheworldweliveintodayisFranklinRoosevelt’sworld.Ofthefigureswhoforgoodorevildominatedtheplanet60yearsago,hewouldbeleastsurprisedbytheshapeofthingsatthemillennium。Andconfidentashewasofthepowerandvitalityofdemocracy,hewouldwelcomethechallengesposedbythecenturytocome.
FranklinDelanoRoosevelt,saidIsaiahBerlin,wasoneofthefewstatesmeninanycentury"whoseemedtohavenofearatallofthefuture."
Pulitzerprize-winninghistorianArthurSchlesingerJr.istheauthorofTheAgeofRoosevelt.Heiscurrentlyatworkonhismemoirsﻫﻫ
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ﻫMichaelBloombergByRobertF.KennedyJr.
ﻫﻫﻫGregoryHeislerforTIME
ﻫ这篇挑了一
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