新目标大学英语1unit7 Language in Use

11Simile2Collocations:"adjectives+distance/space/situation"3Wordformation:compoundnouns4Englishabstractnouns5Englishprepositionalphrases6Usefulexpressions2Twofriendsarelike

magnets.(Para.9)SimileFriendshipisthusabalancingact,likeaballetordance.（Para.9)Simileisafigureofspeechthatdirectlycomparestwothingsthroughtheexplicituseofconnectingwords,suchaslike,as,so,than,orvariousverbssuchasresemble…3SimileMoreexamples:Hisarmswereweakandfeltlike

noodles.Thethunderwasasloudas

fireworks.I'mhappierthanatornadoinatrailerpark!4SimileAlthoughsimilesandmetaphorsaresometimesconsideredtobeinterchangeable,similesacknowledgetheimperfectionsandlimitationsofthecomparativerelationshiptoagreaterextentthanmetaphors.Metaphorsaresubtlerandthereforerhetoricallystronger.Whileasimilecomparestwoitems,ametaphordirectlyequatesthem,anddoesnotuselikeorasasdoesasimile.SimileVSMetaphorThisroomislikeastageforthekids.Allworld’sastage.similemetaphor5Herethereis,withinthegroup,verylittlesocialandphysicaldistance.(Para.3)Thesocialspaceispartlysymbolicandinvisibleandhencedealtwiththroughgestures,language.(Para.1)NeitherofthesetwoextremesituationsiswhatwecommonlyassociatewithlifeinBritain,thoughtherearesomeexceptions.(Para.2)Collocations:adjectives+"distance","space"and"situation"6Moreexamples:physicaldistance(身体距离)socialspace(社交空间)extremesituation(极端情境)safedistance(安全距离)personalspace(私人空间)real-lifesituation(现实生活情境)longdistance(长距离)limitedspace(有限空间)currentsituation(现状)Collocations:adjectives+"distance","space"and"situation"7Fillintheblanksintheboxwithadjectivesthatcollocatewith“distance”,“space”and“situation”,andthecompletethefollowingsentenceswithappropriatecollocationsfromthebox.Exercise6walkingtravellingopenparkingembarrassingfinancialCollocations:adjectives+"distance","space"and"situation"81)SocialmediaandtheInternetmakeiteasierforpeopletokeepintouch,evenforthosewhohavegreat_______________betweenthem.Exercise62)“ThegoodthingaboutbeingsotallisthatIcanseepeoplefroma____________,”hesaid.3)Thedistancebetweenseatsshouldbecarefullyarrangedsothattheyarenottooremotefromeachother,butnotsoclosethat_____________isinvaded.physicaldistancelongdistancepersonalspaceCollocations:adjectives+"distance","space"and"situation"94)Theexpandinghumanpopulationrequiresmore__________,andforestsarealwaysthefirstthinghumansdecidetosacrifice.Exercise65)Butit’simportantforustolookatour______________andberealisticaboutthepossibilityofmakingthisdreamourreality.6)Convenientlylocated,theHolidayInniswithin______________ofthehotspringsandthedowntownshoppingarea.livingspacecurrentsituationwalkingdistanceCollocations:adjectives+"distance","space"and"situation"107)Shesaidhospitalsoftenhadlimited____________andcouldnotprovidefreeparkingforpatients.Exercise68)Thedifficult_______________oflocalgovernmentsthreatensthestabilityanddevelopmentofthesocialeconomy.parkingspacefinancialsituationCollocations:adjectives+"distance","space"and"situation"11CompoundingCompoundingisaverygoodwaytoformnewexpressionsforcomplexideas.Compoundnounsarenounsthatarecomposedofmorethanasingleword.Theycanbewordsthatarewrittentogether(handshake),orhyphenated(side-effect),orseparatewordsthatgotogetherbymeaning(postoffice).Wordformation:compoundnouns12Compoundnounscanbeformedinthefollowingways:noun+nounadjective+nounverb+nounv-ing+nounpreposition/adverb+nounflowerpot,housekeeper,fishtankblackboard,blueprint,highlightplayground,pickpocket,cut-throatsleepingpill,walkingstick,washingmachineunderground,bystander,onlookerWordformation:compoundnouns13Compoundnounscanbeformedinthefollowingways:noun+v-ingnoun+verbnoun+preposition/adverbverb+adverbhandwriting,sunbathing,window-shoppinghaircut,rainfall,headachelove-in,passer-by,hanger-ontakeout,drawback,lookout,check-in,runoff,takeoffWordformation:compoundnouns14Wordformation:compoundnounsWatchthefollowingmicro-lecturetolearnmoreabout“Compoundnouns”.15Exercise7MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBtoformcompoundnounsandcompletethefollowingsentenceswithappropriatecompoundnounschosenfromthetable.Wordformation:compoundnouns16Exercise7A1)real2)feed3)check4)cross5)soft6)high7)

earth8)sweet9)sight10)upBroadquakeheartbackdatelightestateseeinginwareWordformation:compoundnouns17Exercise71)Though________lineswerelongonMondaymorning,flightscheduleswerebacktonormalbytheafternoon.2)First,theyneedtoget________onthelevelofsatisfactionoftheircustomers.3)HevisitedtheInternettohavethelatest_____onthepresidentialelection.4)Hewasmarriedtohishigh-school_________,MaryJeanne,andtheyhadadaughter,Kathleen.check-infeedbackupdatesweetheartWordformation:compoundnouns18Exercise75)Historyhasledustoanew_________,withnewpromiseandnewperil(危险).6)In2007,a6.8-magnitude_________struckwesternJapanandaffectedapowerplantownedbyTEPCO.7)Thepresidentialelectionsarethe_______ofnextyear’spoliticalcalendar.8)OrdinaryChinesefrequentlyinvestin_________,soadownturncouldbattertheirsavings.crossroadearthquakehighlightrealestateWordformation:compoundnouns19EnglishabstractnounsTherangeofbodydistancevarieswiththedegreeofintimacyandequalitythatisthoughttoexistintherelationship.(Para.1)Itoriginallymeansthestateofbeingequal.Hereitshouldbetranslatedinto地位高低Itoriginallymeanscloseness.Withthephrase“thedegreeof”usedbeforeit,itshouldbetranslatedinto关系亲疏IntranslatinganEnglishabstractnounintoChinese,youoftenhavetomakesomeadditionstoyourtranslationaccordingtothemeaningofthenouninthecontext.20Exercise8EnglishabstractnounsTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingspecialattentiontotheitalicizedabstractnouns.1)Therangeofbodydistancevarieswiththedegreeofintimacyandequalitythatisthoughttoexistintherelationship.(Para.1)人和人之间的身体距离因其关系亲疏和地位高低而不同。21TranslationEnglishabstractnouns2)Atoneextremeis“untouchability”,whetherliterally(asinthecastesystem)or

throughkeepingone’sdistance,as

whenanoblemanfindsitdistastefultobeclosetoacommoner.(Para.2)一个极端是“不可接触”，无论按照字面上的意思（如种姓制度里）还是通过保持空间距离，如贵族会觉得接近平民是件令人生厌的事情。22TranslationEnglishabstractnouns3)Insomesocietiesthereseemstobelittleappreciationofprivacy,separateness,theneedforaprotectedzoneofintimacyintowhichnooneintrudes.(Para.4)在一些社会当中，人们不太理会个人隐私、互不干扰以及不被打扰的受保护的私密空间的需要。23TranslationEnglishabstractnouns4)Theyshouldbecloseenoughtoshowengagementandinvolvement,butnotsocloseastocauseembarrassmentandintrusion.(Para.5)人们之间的距离应该是近得可以显示你被吸引和积极参与，但又不至于近得侵入私人空间，让人尴尬。24TranslationEnglishabstractnouns5)Friendshipisthusabalancingact,likeaballetordance.(Para.9)因此，交友是一种平衡的行为，如同芭蕾或者其他舞蹈。25EnglishprepositionalphrasesEnglishprepositionalphrasescanmodifynouns,verbs,phrases,andcompleteclauses.Theycanalsobeembeddedinsideotherprepositionalphrases.Agreatdealofinformationcanbecompactlystructuredinasentencebyusingprepositionalphrases.EnglishprepositionalphrasesneednotalwaysbetranslatedassuchinChinese,becausetheymightfunctiondifferentlyinChinese.Beawareofthedifferentwaysofexpressioninthetwolanguages.26EnglishprepositionalphrasesExercise9TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingtheprepositionalphrasesprovided.1)他在大庭广众中通常很有礼貌，但私下里很粗鲁。(inpublic;inprivate)Heisveryrudeinprivate,thoughinpublicheisusuallyverypolite.27EnglishprepositionalphrasesTranslation2)饥饿是食物摄入量的一个极端，肥胖则是另一个极端。(atoneextreme;attheotherextreme)Starvationisatoneextremeofthespectrumoffoodintake;obesity