大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题

大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题18/18大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析注意：本试题共四道大题，满分100分，答题时间为3小时，所有答案均应写在由考场发给的专用答题纸上，答在其他地方为无效。PartOneVocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Inthissection,thereare30uncompletedsentenceswithfourchoicesbeloweachsentence.Choosethebestonefromthe4choicestofillintheblanks.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.1.Excellentfilmsarethosewhich_____nationalandculturalbarriers.A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress2.The_____ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.A.originB.generationC.descentD.causeAsalawyer___forhisgoodjudgmentandeloquence,heisofteninvitedtothosegrandbanquetsandmeetsthosedistinguishedpeoplefromallcircles.A.notoriousB.notableC.nastyD.notified4.WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas_____.A.smuggledB.startledC.appealedD.stabilizedThedoctortoldthestudentsthata(n)____diseasewasonethatcouldbepassedfromonepersontoanother.A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent____isforbiddeninsomestatesintheUnitedStatesforreligiousreasons,whileitispermittedinsomeotherstates.A.ConceptionB.AbortionC.DeliveryD.Perception7.Ifyou______someone,youfeelgreatadmirationandloveforthem.A.advocateB.adjoinC.adoreD.addict8.Shedidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas_____inher感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析failuretosayanythinginsupportofit.A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immoral9.Theschoolhasbeen______asthemeetingplacefortheeveningartclub.A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed10.Itmakesme_____whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.A.furiousB.generousC.mysteriousD.suspicious11.Mostoftherubbishthatweusually_____ofcanberecycled.A.disposedB.dischargeC.dispatchD.dissolveThe____ofelectricalenergyintothermalenergyisaprocessthatiseasilycarriedoutat100%efficiency.A.conversionB.conventionC.conversationD.versionWhenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite____qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed14.Thetraincametoa/an____stop,makingmanypassengersfallofftheirseats.A.hastyB.incidentalC.swiftD.abrupt15.Itisoftendifficultto_____betweenamereexaggerationandadeliberatelylying.A.disguiseB.cultivateC.originateD.discriminate16.Everyonehasalegal____toprovidethetaxofficewithdetailsoftheirearnings.A.refinementB.constrictionC.obligationD.impulsionItgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto_____withthelawwillbepunished.A.concealB.consentC.abideD.comply18.Thisdiplomaisimportant,which___thatyouhavecompletedhighschool.A.amplifiesB.certifiesC.clarifiesD.magnifies19.Despitewarningsfromhisparentsandteacher,Stevensonis____tocomputer感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析games.A.activatedB.adheredC.addictedD.appealed20.Ingeneral,the____amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicableRemembertoaskfora____ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt22.Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas____aseriesofpolicies.A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressedAproductistoberegardedasbeing_____whenintroducedintoanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumpedIt’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto____theweightofalorry.A.retainB.sustainC.obtainD.maintainAfterhisrecoveryfromillness,heisdeterminedto_____whathehadbeendoingtoattainthegoal.A.assumeB.consumeC.presumeD.resume26.Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat_____attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritationThereareseveralpossibleexplanationforthegreaterjob____inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedState.A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.security感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析Theprimeminister’sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsucha(an)___thathisgovernmentfell.A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreakWealthynationshavefallenfarbehindontheiraid____totheworld’spoor.A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applicationsThoughitwaslessattractive,Ralphknewthemetalboxwouldbemore___thanthewoodenbox.A.terminalB.durableC.persistentD.bearablePartTwoReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.PassageOneQuestions31to34arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthecarelessuseoftheearth’sresourceshasbroughtthewholeworldtothebrinkofdisaster.Theoverdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaseofmorecars,morehighways,morepollution,moresuburbs,morecommuting,hascontributedtotheneardestructionofourcities.Thedisasterhasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.Ourpresentsituationisunlikewar,revolutionordepression.Worldwide感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析resourcesexploitationandenergyusehavebroughtustoastatewherelongrangeplanningisessential.Whatweneedisnotacontinuationofourpresentseriousstate,whichendangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,butamovementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.Thiscountryhasbeenfallingbackunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossofmoralityandtherevelationthatlawbreakinghasreachedintothehighestplacesintheland.Thereisastrongdemandformoralrevivalandforsomedevotionthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlistthedevotionofall.Inthepastithasbeenonlyinawayofdefenseoftheirowncountryandtheirownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletodevotethemselveswholeheartedly.Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourselvesandwhatweholddearincooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesameendangeredairandthesameendangeredoceans.Thereisacommonneedtoreassessourpresentcourse,tochangethatcourseandtodevisenewmethodsthroughwhichtheworldcansurvive.Thisisapricelessopportunity.Tograspitweneedawidespreadunderstandingofnatureifthecrisisconfrontingus—andtheworld—isacrisisthatisnopassinginconvenience,nobyproductoftheambitionsoftheoilproducingcountries,noenvironmentalists’merefears,nobyproductofanypresentsystemofgovernment.Whatwefaceistheoutcomeoftheinventionofthelastfourhundredyears.Whatweneedisatransformedlifestyle.Thisnewlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,butitsacceptancedependsonasinceredevotiontofindingahigherqualityoflifefortheworld’schildrenandfuturegeneration.31.Whichconditiondoestheauthorfeelhasnearlydestroyedourcities?A.Lackoffinancialplanning.B.Thebreakupofthefamily.感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析C.Naturaldisastersinmanyregions.D.Theexcessivegrowthofmotors.Theauthorinthesecondparagraphstateswhatweneedinourpresentsituationis_____.acontinuationofourpresentseriousstateworldwideresourcesexploitationandenergyuseamovementforwardtoanewnormtoplanetresearchworkastatewherelong-rangeplanningisessentialtousAccordingtotheauthor,whatisoneexampleofourlossofmorality?A.Disregardforlaw.B.Lackofdevotion.B.Lackofcooperation.D.Exploitationofresources.Bycomparingpastproblemswithpresentones,theauthordrawsattentiontothe______.A.significanceofthiscrisisB.inadequacyofgovernmentsC.similarityofthepasttothepresentD.hopelessnessofthesituationPassageTwoQuestions35to38arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeach感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析individualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith_____.providingthepossibilityforstudentstotakethecoursestheywantmakingtechnologyanactivetoolintheschoolrelievingtheteacherfromroutinedutiesmeetingtheneedsofeachstudentItcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust____.notdependonteachersmakeuseofvaryingmethodsofteaching感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析C.placearenewedemphasisonscienceD.notorganizetheirinstruction37.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof______.A.unknownfactorsB.ageneralhostilitytowardeducationC.itsmisuseD.itsnewnessintheschoolsAllofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof_____.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformationprovidemanywaysofteachingthesamethingmakelearningeasyandfunprovidestudentswithenrollmentexamPassageThreeQuestions39to42arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apesandmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallstoneasahammer.Stonessuitableoruseasanvilsarenoteasytofind,andoftenachimpanzeemay感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析carryhaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstem.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey_____.usetoolstogatherfoodusemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatasktransporttoolsfromoneplacetoanotherhidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?Itusesitsbreakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby_____.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclawsusingstonesasweaponsdefendingthemselveswithseaanemoneshidingunderseaplantsPassageFourQuestions43to46arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentstartedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilitiesforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingview-points,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactivityresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheuniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue“This.indicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefasBarnaGroup.So,whenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreveala感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析mentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.AccordingtotheParagraph1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson___.thejustificationofthenew-filteringpracticepeople’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatformstheadministration’sabilitytohandleinformationsocialmediaasareliablesourceofnewsAccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople____.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspaceverifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresourceshaveastrongsenseofresponsibilityliketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis___.A.readers’outdatedvaluesB.journalists’biasedreportingC.readers’misinterpretationD.journalist’made-upstoriesWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.PassageFiveQuestions47to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manyprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationaroundthecountryareindanger.Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-quality感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析schoolsjustastherearelow-qualitybusinesses.Wehavenoobligationtosamethemsimplybecausetheyexist.Butmanythrivinginstitutionsthatdeservetocontinuearethreatened.Theyaredoingafinejobeducationally,buttheyarecaughtinafinancialsqueeze,withnowwaytoreducerisingcostorincreaserevenuessignificantly.Raisingtuitiondoesn’tbringinmorerevenue,foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown,ortheamountthatmustbegivenawayinstudentaidgoesup.Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.Evenaverygoodcollegeisaverybadbusiness.Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryaboutlowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.Effectstosavethemandpreferablytokeepthemprivate,arenationalnecessities.Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.Diversityinthewaywesupportschoolstendstogiveusahealthydiversityintheformsofeducation.Inanimperfectsocietysuchasours,uniformityofeducationthroughoutthenationcouldbedangerous.Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Ardentsupportersofpublichighereducationknowtheimportanceofsustainingprivatehighereducation.47.Intheauthor’sopinion,schoolsarebadbusinessbecauseof____.A.mismanagementB.toofewstudentsC.toomanystudentsD.thenatureofschools感谢赏析大连工业大学2018年博士研究生招生考试外国语试题考试科目代码及名称：1001英语本页为第15页共15页感谢赏析48.Theauthorusedthephrase“gounder”inthethirdparagraphtomean_____.A.getintodifficultiesB.havelowenrollmentC.havelowtuitionD.bringinmoremoneyWehavereasonablyconcludefromthepassagethattheauthormadeanappealtothepublicinordertosupport_____.A.publicinstitutionsB.privateschoolsC.uniformityofeducationD.equalityofeducationWhichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?High-qualityprivateschoolsdeservetobesaved.Ifthetuitionisraised,theenrollmentgoesdown.Therearemanycasesthatpublicschoolsarebetterthanprivateschools.Privateschoolshavemoremoneythanpublicschools.PartThreeTranslation(30points)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don’tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,