新世纪大学英语教材 第二版 综合教程2 unit1市公开课一等奖省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

Unit1LivinginHarmonyGetStartedListenandRespondOptionalClassroomActivitiesEnhanceYourLanguageAwarenessReadandExploreSitingroupsofthreesorfoursanddiscussthefollowingbrainstormingquestions.1.Youarenowlivingoncampus.Howdoyougetalongwithyourclassmates?2.Areyouwillingtohelpoutastranger?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkitpossibletobeatruefriendtosomeonewhosenameyoudon’tknow?Studythefollowingquotesaboutkindness.Whichquotedoyoulikebest?Why?Interpretation:Whatgivesmethecouragetofacechallengesinlifeandmoveonoptimisticallyistheshowingandreceivingofkindnessandthepursuitofthegood,thebeautifulandthetrue.Humanstendtoseekworldlypossessions,fame,success,andluxuryinlife,butthesethingsdon’tinterestmeatall.Theidealswhichhavelightedmyway,andtimeaftertimehavegivenmenewcouragetofacelifecheerfully,havebeenKindness,Beauty,andTruth.Thetriteobjectsofhumanefforts—possessions,outwardsuccess,luxury—havealwaysseemedtomecontemptible.—AlbertEinsteinClickPictureGuardwellwithinyourselfthattreasure,kindness.Knowhowtogivewithouthesitation,howtolosewithoutregret,howtoacquirewithoutmeanness.—GeorgeSandClickPictureInterpretation:Kindnessisavirtuethatweneedtocultivateandvalue.Withkindness,weknowhowtogiveselflesslywithoutthinkingaboutourlosses.Withkindness,weknowhowtoloseandgainhonourably.Youcannotdoakindnesstoosoon,foryouneverknowhowsoonitwillbetoolate.—RalphWaldoEmersonClickPictureInterpretation:Ifyouwanttoperformanactofkindnesstohelpothers,justdoitnowbeforeitistoolate.Watchthefollowingvideoclip“SimpleActsofKindness—Giveitatry

”andthencompletethetasksthatfollow:clickhere1.Whatarethesimpleactsofkindnesspresentedinthevideoclip?

ateenagergiveshisseattoamiddle-agedwomanburdenedwithseveralbags;amanofferstopayforayoungmotherwithababyinherarmswhosecreditcardisexpired;awomanoffersherlunchboxtoahomelessperson;ayoungmanletsanexhaustedmothertaketheparkingspacehe’sbeenwaitingpatientlyfor;awomangetsacardwithheart-warmingwordsonit.clickhere2.Haveyoueverbeentouchedbysimpleactsofkindnessfromstrangers?Shareyourexperienceswithyourgroup.

(Open.)clickherereaction

n.

[C;U(to)](acaseorawayof)reacting;response[常与to连用]〔对刺激等〕反应；回应apieceofcake

infmlsth.veryeasytodo〖非正式〗轻易（或轻松愉快）事情McDonald’s

n.trademarkofaveryfamousfastfoodrestaurant麦当劳餐厅

horrible

a.terrible可怕，令人恐惧homeless

a.

havingnohome无家可归acceptance

n.

[C;U(to)]theactofacceptingorbeingaccepted[常与to连用]接收；收受；认可；认可

mentally

ad.

connectedwithorhappeninginthemind智力上；心理上，精神上retarded★adj.

(especiallyofachild)slowerindevelopmentorlessablethanothers〔尤指儿童〕（智力）发育迟缓，弱智tray

n.

aflatpieceofplastic,metal,orwood,withraisededges,usedforcarryingthingssuchasplates,foodetc（浅）盘，碟（子），托盘warmup

makewarm使暖和，使温暖graduate

vi.

[(from)]obtainadegree,esp.afirstdegree,atauniversity[常与from连用]（从……）大学毕业；取得

（学士）学位unconditional

a.

notlimitedbyanyconditions

无条件，无限制Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthelisteningpassage.

1.Beforegraduatingfromcollege,thespeakerwasaskedto___________.A)makeapieceofcakefortheclassB)writedownpeople’sresponsetohersmileC)observehowpeoplesmileateachotherD)actkindlytosomeoneB√2.WhilewaitingforherturntogetherbreakfastatthelocalMcDonald’s,thespeaker_______.DA)wasreadytoservethetwopoorhomelessmenwhosmelledB)sawaterribledirtymanstandinginthelineC)foundthatashortgentlemanwaswaitingforhismealD)noticedthatahomelessmanwassmilingather√3.ThetwopoorhomelessmenwenttothelocalMcDonald’sto_______.A)warmthemselves B)havetheirbreakfast C)waitforsomeone D)searchforafriendlysmile√A4.Atthesightofthetwohomelessmen,thespeaker_______.CA)turnedawayfromthemtojoinherfamilyB)orderedforthemtwocupsofhotcoffeeC)boughtthemtwobreakfastmealsD)askedthemwhattheywantedtoeat√5.Afterthespeakerturnedinher“project”,thespeaker’sprofessorandherclassmates_______.DA)hadaheateddiscussionaboutsmileB)exchangedtheirunusualexperiencesC)weredeeplytouchedbyhersmileD)weregreatlymovedbyherstory√Listentotherecordingagainandfillineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.1.Thespeakerisamotherofandhasrecentlycompletedher.Thelastprojecttheprofessorassignedhertodowastogooutandandthenwritedowntheir.

smileatthreepeoplethreecollegedegreereaction________________________________________________2.Soonaftershewasassignedtheproject,shewentwithherfamilytotheonacold

.Justwhentheywerestandinginline,waitingto,shesmelled

.Twopoorhomelessmenwerealsostandinginline.Theyjustwantedto

and,sotheyonlyaskedfor.Obviously,itwasalltheycouldafford.localMcDonald’sMarchmorningbeservedahorrible“dirtybody”smellsitintherestaurantwarmupcoffee_________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thenshewassuddenlyfilledwith.Alleyesintherestaurantweresetonher,judgingher

.Shesmiledandboughtthetwohomelessmen.4.Shereturnedtocollege，withthisinhand.Sheturnedinher“.”Herprofessorreadittothewholeclass.Thewholeclasswas.Shegraduatedwithoneofthebiggestlessonsshewouldeverlearn—.sympathyeveryactiontwobreakfastmealsstoryprojecttouchedUNCONDITIONALACCEPTANCE_____________________________________________________________________________________Exercise1:AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextA.Whydidn’ttheauthorstopforthehitchhiker?2.Didhefeelguiltyfornothelpingtheyoungman?3.WhydidtheauthordecidetostarthisjourneyacrossAmericapennilessly?4.Whatdidhediscoverashetravelled?5.Whathadhappenedtothetruckertheauthormetonarainyday?6.WhatconclusiondidtheauthordrawfromhisexperiencesmentionedinParagraphs15-18?7.WhydidCarolinvitetheauthortotalktoherclassabouthistrip?8.Whatconclusiondidtheauthormakeabouthistripwhenhetalkedtothestudents?Exercise2:TextAcanbedividedintothreeparts.Nowwritedowntheparagraphnumbersofeachpartandthengivethemainideaofeachinoneortwosentences.PartPara(s)MainIdeaIIIIIIHetalkedtoschoolchildrenandconcludedinapatrioticmannerthatinAmericapeoplecouldstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers.1-7Becauseofapastexperienceofneglectingahitchhikerinneedofhelp,theauthordecidedtotravelacrossAmericawithoutanymoneytofindoutifonecouldstillrelyonthekindnessofstrangersthesedays.8-2829-31Duringhistrip,hefoundoutthatpeopleweregenerallycompassionateandwillingtohelpalthoughtheymighthavefears.

TherewasatimeinAmericawhenyouwouldbeconsideredselfishandlookeddownuponifyourefusedtohelpsomeoneinneed,but“Idon’twanttogetinvolved”hasnowbecomeanationalmotto.Arepeoplestillwillingtotreatotherswiththesamekindnesstheirforefathersdisplayed?TheauthormakesacashlessjourneythroughthelandofthealmightydollartotesthisfaithinAmerica.Andtheanswerhefindsis:youcanstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers.TheKindnessofStrangersMike

Mclntyre1OnesummerIwasdrivingfrommyhometownofTahoeCity,California,toNewOrleans.Inthemiddleofthedesert,Icameuponayoungmanstandingbytheroadside.Hehadhisthumboutandheldagascaninhisotherhand.Idroverightbyhim.Someoneelsewillstopforhim,Ireasoned.Besides,thatgascanisjustaploytoflagdownacarandrobthedriver.Therewasatimeinthiscountrywhenyou’dbeconsideredajerkifyoupassedbysomebodyinneed.Nowyou’reafoolforhelping.Withgangs,drugaddicts,murderers,rapists,thievesandcarjackerslurkingeverywhere,whyriskit?“Idon’twanttogetinvolved”hasbecomeanationalmotto.2SeveralstateslaterIwasstillthinkingaboutthehitchhiker.Leavinghimstrandedinthedesertdidn’tbothermeasmuch.WhatbotheredmewashoweasilyIhadreachedthedecision.Ineverevenliftedmyfootofftheaccelerator.Doesanyonestopanymore?Iwondered.

3Ithoughtofmydestination—NewOrleans,thesettingforTennesseeWilliams’splayAStreetcarNamedDesire.IrecalledBlancheDuBois’sfamousline:“I

havealwaysdependedonthekindnessofstrangers.”4Thekindnessofstrangers.Itsoundssoquaint.Couldanyonerelyonthekindnessofstrangersthesedays?5Onewaytotestthiswouldbeforapersontojourneyfromcoasttocoastwithoutanymoney,relyingsolelyonthegoodwillofhisfellowAmericans.WhatkindofAmericawouldhefind?Whowouldfeedhim,shelterhim,carryhimdowntheroad?6Theideaintriguedme.Butwho’dbecrazyenoughtotrysuchatrip?Well,Ifigured,whynotme.8IroseearlyonSeptember6,1994,hoisteda50-poundpackontomybackandheadedfortheGoldenGateBridge.ThenItookasignfrommybackpack,displayingmydestinationtopassingvehicles:“America.”7TheweekIturned37,IrealizedI’dnevertakenagambleinmylife.SoIdecidedtomakealeapoffaithacontinentwide—togofromthePacifictotheAtlanticwithoutapenny.IfIwasofferedmoney,I’drefuseit.I’dacceptonlyrides,foodandaplacetorestmyhead.Itwouldbeacashlessjourneythroughthelandofthealmightydollar.MyfinaldestinationwouldbeCapeFearinNorthCarolina,asymbolofallthefearsI’dhavetoconquerduringthetrip.9Driversmouthedthewordthroughwindshields,then,smiled.Twowomenrodebyonbicycles.“It’sabitvague,”saidone.AyoungmanwithaGermanaccentwanderedupandasked,“Whereisthis‘America’?”10Indeed,forsixweeksItriedtofindout.Ihitched82ridesandcovered4,223milesacross14states.AsItraveled,Idiscoveredthatotherssharedmyfear.Folkswerealwayswarningmeaboutsomeplaceelse.InMontanatheytoldmetowatchoutforthecowboysinWyoming.InNebraskaIwaswarnedthatpeoplewouldnotbeasniceinIowa.runcontrarytocapacity11YetIwastreatedwithkindnessineverystateItraveled.Iwasamazedbythestubborn

ofAmericanstohelpastranger,evenwhenitseemedto

theirownbestinterests.OnedayinNebraskaafour-doorsedanpulledtotheroadshoulder.WhenIreachedthewindow,IsawtwolittleoldladiesdressedintheirSundayfinest.

12“Iknowyou’renotsupposedtopickuphitchhikers,butit’ssofarbetweentownsouthere,youfeelbadpassingaperson,”saidthedriver,whointroducedherselfasVi.SheandhersisterHelenweregoingtoseeaneyedoctorinAinsworth,Nebraska.13Ididn’tknowwhethertokissthemorscoldthemforstopping.Thiswomanwastellingmeshe’dratherthanfeelbadaboutpassingastrangeronthesideoftheroad.Whentheydroppedmeatahighwayjunction,IlookedatVi.Webothspokeatthesametime:“Becareful.”14OncewhenIwashitchhikingunsuccessfullyintherain,atruckerpulled

over,lockinghisbrakessohardthatheskiddedonthegrassshoulder.Thedrivertoldmehewasoncerobbedatknifepointbyahitchhiker.“ButIhatetoseeamanstandoutintherain,”headded.“Peopledon’thavenoheartanymore.”riskherlife15Ifound,however,thatpeopleweregenerallycompassionate.Amiddle-agedIowacoupleshepherdedmearoundforanhour,tryingtohelpmefindacampground.InSouthDakotaawomanwhosefamilyhadgivenmeanight’slodginghandedmetwostampedpostcards:onetoletherknowhowmytripturnedout;theothertosendthenextday,tellingherwhereIwassoshewouldn’tworryaboutme.16HearingIhadnomoneyandwouldtakenone,peopleineverystateboughtmefoodorsharedwhatevertheyhappenedtohavewiththem.AparkrangerinUkiah,Calif.,gavemesomecarrots.Acollegestudenthandedmesacksfilledwithorganictomatoesandmelons.AwomaninIowagavemetwobundlesofgrahamcrackers,twocansofsoda,twocansoftuna,twoapplesandtwopiecesofchicken.18ElsewhereinOregonalumber-millworkernamedTiminvitedmetoasimpledinnerwithhisfamilyintheirdilapidatedhouse.HegavemeaBible.Thenheofferedmehistent.Irefused,knowingitwasprobablyoneofthefamily’smostvaluablepossessions.ButTimwasdeterminedthatIhaveit,andfinallyIagreedtotakeit.17

Thepeoplewhohadtheleasttogiveoftengavethemost.InOregonahomepainternamedMikenotedthechillyweatherandaskedifIhadacoat.WhenIreplied,“alightone,”hedrovemetohishouse,rummagedthroughhisgarageandhandedmeabulkygreenArmy-stylejacket.19IwasgratefultoallthepeopleImetfortheirrides,theirfood,theirshelter,theirgifts.Butthekindestactofallwaswhentheymerelywerethemselves.20OnedayIwalkedintothelocalchamberofcommerceinJamestown,Tennessee.Amaninsidetheoldstonebuildingjumpedupfromhiscluttereddesk.“Comeonin,”saidBaxterWilson,59.Hewastheexecutivedirector.21WhenIaskedhimaboutcampinginthearea,hehandedmeabrochureforalocalcampground.“Wouldyoulikemetocallforyou?”heasked.22Seeingthatitcost$12,Ireplied,“No,that’sallright.I’mnotsurewhatI’mgoingtodo.”23Thenhesawmybackpack.“Almostanybodyaroundherewillletyoupitchatentontheirland,ifthat’swhatyouwant,”hesaid.24Nowyou’retalking,Ithought.“Anyparticulardirection?”Iasked.25“Tellyouwhat.I’vegotabigfarmabouttenmilessouthofhere.Ifyou’rehereat5:30,youcanridewithme.“26Iaccepted,andwedroveouttoamagnificentcountryhouse.SuddenlyIrealizedhe’dinvitedmetospendthenightinhishome.27Hiswife,Carol,wascookingapotroastwhenwewalkedintothekitchen.Aseventh-gradescienceteacher,shewasthepictureofSoutherncharm.28Baxterexplainedthatlocalfolkswere“mountainstay-at-homepeople”,andheconsideredhimselfoneofthem.“Werarelyentertaininourhouse,”hesaid.“Whenwedo,it’susuallykin.”Therevelationmademynightthereallthemorespecial.29ThenextmorningwhenIcamedownstairs,CarolaskedifI’dcometoherschoolandtalktoherclassaboutmytrip.ItoldherIdidn’twanttoencourageabunchofseventh-graderstohitchhikeacrosstheUnitedStates.ButCarolsaidthekidsshouldbeexposedtowhatelseisoutthere—thegoodandthebad.“Theyneedtoknow,”shesaid.30Iagreed,andbeforelonghadbeenscheduledtotalktoeveryclassintheschool.Allthekidswerewell-manneredandattentive.Theirquestionskeptcoming:Wherewerepeoplethekindest?HowmanypairsofshoesdidIhave?Hadanybodytriedtorunmeover?Werethepigs’feetasgoodinotherpartsofthecountry?HadIfalleninlovewithanyone?WhatwasImostafraidof?31AlthoughIhadn’tplanneditthisway,IdiscoveredthatapatriotictoneranthroughthetalksIgavethatafternoon.ItoldthestudentshowmyfaithinAmericahadbeenrenewed.ItoldthemhowproudIwastoliveinacountrywherepeoplewerestillwillingtohelpoutastranger.ItoldthemthatthequestionIhadinmindwhenIplannedthetripwasclearlyanswered.Indeed,nomatterwhoyouare,youcanstilldependonthekindnessofstrangers.

Ifwewanttolivehappily,weneedaharmonioussociety.Butwhatisanidealharmonioussocietyinyourmindandwhatarethemaincharacteristicsofaharmonioussociety?Workingroupsanddiscussthisquestion.Thefollowingtipsmaybeofsomehelp.democracy,equalityandfaircompetitionobservedisciplinesandobeylaws…notheft,corruption,robbing,murder…freedomofspeechandreligionliveagood,peacefulandprosperouslifealovingandcaringsocietyhonestyandtrust…noworriesaboutcheatingandfakeproductsliveinharmonywiththeenvironmentandnatureKeyWordsforTextBvirtuallyteamworkpunchmoustachegovern

signalparticipate

security

shift

somehow

heave

collapse

leap

aid

ambulance

spot

slip

establish

locate

alongside

route

appreciate

occasionaldeliverExpressionsforTextBin/under…circumstancesstandoutpullawayincontrastto1.Hemakesithisbusinesstolearnthestopofeveryregularpassenger.(Para.4)2)Makeasentencewiththeitalicizedstructure.TherestaurantmanagermakesithisbusinesstoensureIamhappyandcomfortableeverytimeI’mthere.1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.他特意记住了每个常坐车乘客下车地点。2.Herwornclothingsuggestsshedoesn’thavemuchmoneytospare,butshealwaysclutchesanextracupofcoffeeforthedriver.(Para.5)2)Paraphrasethesentence.Fromtheoldclothesshe’swearing,onecantellthatsheisprobablypoor,butsheuseswhatlittlemoneyshehastobuyacupofcoffeeforthedriver,whichshowshowmuchthisbustripmeanstoher.1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.她破旧衣服表明她并没有多少余钱，但她总是会给司机带一杯咖啡。3.Formanymonths,ouronlysadnesslayinourinabilitytoestablishthesamerapportwiththesilentwomanatthefrontofthebus.(Para.10)2)Makeasentencewiththeitalicizedstructure.Therootoftheprobleminrelationshipliesinourinabilitytoforgivetheothers.1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.好多个月时间里，我们唯一难过事是不能和坐在车前部那个缄默女人建立起一样融洽关系。

4.Thenightlengthenedandgrewcozy,andwhenwepartedasfriends—wesharednames.(Para.16)2)Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheitalicizedpart?Wetalkedforalongtimeandaswegottoknoweachotherbetter,wefeltmorecomfortableandcloser.1)TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.这个夜晚连续了很久，变得很温暖，我们告别时已成了朋友——这一次我们交换了姓名。

Q1Whatwastheformerbeliefoftheauthorandhiswife?

Q2Whathavechangedtheirthinking?Para.1Q1Whatdoestheauthortellusabouttheregularbusdriver?Q2Whyisteamworkfarmoreimportantthanknowingnamesintheauthor’sopinion?Paras.2-4Q1Whatdotheyusuallydobeforethebusleavesthestation?Q2Whatdoyouknowaboutthesilentwoman?Q3Whydoesthefactorysecurityguardclosehiseyesduringhisbustrip?Paras.5-6Q1Whathappenedtotherotundgentlemanonemorning?Q2Whydidthepassengersfeelalittlepridewhentheythinkofthenew-bornbabyoftheMexicancouple?Q3WhydoestheauthorsaythattheyhatetoleavethemeetingpointwithouttheHaitians?Paras.7-9Q1WhatistheonlythingthattheauthorandhiswifefeelsadaboutduringtheirSunday-morningbustripformanymonths?Q2Whatwastheresponseofthesilentwomanwhentheygreetedherinthefishrestaurant?Q3Whywasthewomansilentonthebus?Paras.10-11Q1Whatdoyouknowaboutthefamilylifeofthesilentwoman?

Q2WhydidsheridethebusonSundaymornings?Q3Howdidtheauthorandhiswifefeelaboutthedinnerwiththesilentwoman?Q4Whathappenedwhentheylefttherestaurant?Paras.12-16Activity1：In,sixChinesecollegestudentshadanadventureofhitch-hikingroundChina.Theyvisited50citiesandstartedtheirjourneywith300yuaneach.Byworkingpart-timeandwiththehelpofstrangers,theysuccessfullyfinishedtheirtrip.SurftheInternet(/view.php?id=807210)andlearnmoreabouttheiradventure.Ifyouwereinvitedtotakepartinatriplikethis,wouldyougo?Whyorwhynot?Workwithyourgroupmembersanddebatetheprosandconsofsuchanadventure.Activity2:Onecharacteristicofacivilizedandharmonioussocietyisthatitshowsevidenceofmoralandintellectualadvancement.Surelyitishumane,ethical,andreasonabletolendahandtofellowcitizensintheirtimeofneed.Butfromtimetotimewehearreportsaboutindividualsrefusingtoperformactsofkindnesstohelpthoseinneed.Atypicalexampleisthatofatwo-year-oldgirlinthecityofFoshaninGuangdongprovincewhowashitbytwovehiclesafterwanderingontotheroadonOctober13,.Thegirl,whowaslaterknownas“XiaoYueyue”,layunconsciousandbleedingonthegroundforsevenminutesas18peoplepassedbyherbody,noneofwhomstoppedtocheckonherorhelp.Theincidentwascapturedbyasurveillancecamera,

anditsparkedanoutcryfromChinesemediaandnetizensalike,criticizingthelackofmoralsofasocietythatwouldpassbyanindividualinneedwithoutattemptingtohelpinsomeway.Whatdoyouthinkofthe“XiaoYueyue”incident?Howwouldyoureactwhenencounteringacaselikethis?Wouldyouhelpanoldmanwhohasaccidentallyfallendownonthesubway?Wouldyoubuygoodsrecommendedbyastranger?Reflectonthesequestionsandshareyouropinionswithyourgroupmembers.UsefulExpressionsfromTextAChineseEquivalencescomeupon

碰到

hasbecomeanationalmotto

已经成为全国性信条

relysolelyon完全依赖

watchoutfor

当心，留心

dressedinone’sSundayfinest穿着节日盛装riskone’slife冒生命危险

pullover

停车

UsefulExpressionsfromTextAChineseEquivalencesrobbedatknifepoint

被持刀抢劫havenoheart

没有同情心

comeonin进来

allthemorespecial愈加尤其

helpoutastranger

帮助陌生人

thequestionIhadinmind我脑海里那个问题

UsefulExpressionsfromTextBChineseEquivalencesradicallychangeone’sthinking彻底改变了某人想法standoutinrichcontrastto…

与……形成了鲜明对比

makeitone’sbusinesstodosth.视某事为己任leaptoone’said对某人快速施以援手likeicefloesunlockinginApril像冰原在四月间融化anoccasionalvisitto偶然去一趟……Studythefollowingsentencesthatappearinthisunit,payingspecialattentiontothe“–ing”formandtheinfinitiveformoftheverb.Reflectonitsgrammaticalfunctionineachsentence.Leavinghimstrandedinthedesertdidn’tbothermeasmuch.(Para.2,TextA)Butwho’dbecrazyenoughtotrysuchatrip?(Para.6,TextA)Indeed,forsixweeksItriedtofindout.(Para.10,TextA)“ButIhatetoseeamanstandoutintherain,”headded.(Para.14,TextA)ItoldthemhowproudIwastoliveinacountrywherepeoplewerestillwillingtohelpoutastranger.(Para.31,TextA)Thereisdefinitelynosmokingonthisbus,nolittering,norudeness,andfewstridentbellstosignalstops.(Para.4,TextB)

Talking

washardforher.(Para.11,TextB)7.-ing形式与动词不定式使用方法区分1.-ing形式与动词不定式都可在句中作主语、表语、宾语。普通说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指动作时多用-ing形式；表示一个详细某一次动作时，多用动词不定式。如：

Shelikesplayingthepiano,butshedoesn'twanttoplayittoday.2.-ing形式作定语用时，其动作普通与句中谓语动词所表示动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作普通发生在句中谓语动词所表示动作之后。如：

ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.Ihavethreeletterstowrite.

3．①不定式作宾语补足语时，其动作普通发生在谓语动词所表示动作之后，如：

Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.②在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，假如用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示动作是一个动作过程，如：

Ihearhersingingintheroom.Ihearhersingintheroom.4.-ing形式在句中作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般在句中作状语时，一般是作目或结果状语，如：Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain.Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.Now,dothetaskonPages30-31inyourtextbook.

Studythefollowingsentencesthatappearinthisunit,payingspecialattentiontothe“–ed”formand“–ing”formoftheverb.Reflectonitsgrammaticalfunctionineachsentence.Inthemiddleofthedesert,Icameuponayoungmanstandingbytheroadside.(Para.1,TextA)

Leavinghimstrandedinthedesertdidn’tbothermeasmuch.(Para.2,TextA)3.Iwas

amazedbythestubborncapacityofAmericanstohelpastranger,…(Para.11,TextA)4.Hesmilesbenignlyateachpassenger,

expectinghimorhertoputthecorrectchangeinthebox,toobeythewrittenandunwrittenrulesthatgoverneachtrip.(Para.3,TextB)5.Then,oneevening,wewenttoafishrestaurantlocatedonourbusroute.(Para.10,TextB)2.过去分词与-ing形式区分1.语态不一样：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词过去分词表示被动概念，如：aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心演说theinspiredaudience受鼓舞听众2.时间关系不一样：现在分词所表示动作普通是正在进行中动作，而过去分词所表示动作，往往是已经完成动作，如：developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家Now,dothetaskonPages30-31inyourtextbook.

a.Theproblemsexistingintherelationshipsbetweenpeopleinoursociety.b.Thenegativeresultssuchproblemsmaybringabouttooursociety.c.Whatcanyoudotohelpestablishaharmonioussocietyasastudent?Writeanessay(ofabout150words)abouthumanrelationshipsinoursociety.Thefollowinghintsmightserveasaguide:SampleWritingWearelivinginaworldofdistrust.Welivebehindcoldsecuritybars;wedonottalktostrangers,letalonegooutofourwaytohelpthem;weliveinfearoffakeproducts.Inshort,fearandfeelingsofinsecurityfilltheenvironmentwelivein.Allthisgreatlyharmsoursociety.Growingupinsuchanenvironment,wetendtofeelisolatedandcareonlyaboutourselves.Ifthingsgoonlikethis,“trust”,“teamwork”,and“harmony”willeventuallybecometermsunheardof.

SampleWritingInmyopinion,trustingothersandbeingtrustworthyarethetwobasicprinciplesthatweshouldfollowifwewanttoimprovehumanrelationships.Wemaynotbeinapositiontochangeothers,butwecanchangethewayothers