情态动词和虚拟语气

语法专项突破系列6.情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词考点19大情态动词的基本用法★★★★★【点津】3组易混情态动词用法比较另外要注意:(1)can的一些常用固定搭配cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不,只好”cannot/cannever...enough/too再……也不为过(2)may的一些常用固定搭配maywell+动词原形意为“完全能,很可能”,may(might)aswell+动词原形意为“最好,倒不如”。(3)mustn’t表示“禁止”“不许做某事”回答用need提问的问句时与回答用must提问的问句时一样,肯定回答用must,否定回答要用needn’t或don’thaveto。【典题印证】用适当的情态动词填空(2014·江苏高考)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,

_______bringmefood.解题关键:should可以用在that引导的从句中,表示“竟然,居然”,带有惊讶的语气。故用should。【高考集训】用适当的情态动词填空1.(2014·大纲版全国卷)Althoughyou____findbargainsinLondon,it’snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.2.(2014·江西高考)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorest__________becometherichest.

canmight/may3.(2014·北京高考)_________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.4.(2014·四川高考)Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymother______takemetoDisneylandatweekends.5.(2013·江西高考)WhenIwasachild,I_____watchTVwheneverIwantedto.

Can/Maywouldcould考点25大表示推测的情态动词用法比较★★★★【典题印证】用适当的情态动词填空(2014·陕西高考)Mybook,TheHouseofHades,ismissing.Who

_______havetakenit?解题关键:根据句意可知,这是对过去情况的推测,而且该句是疑问句,所以应用could。【高考集训】用适当的情态动词填空1.(2013·安徽高考)It_____notbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.2.(2013·天津高考)Noone_____bemoregenerous,hehasaheartofgold.3.(2013·重庆高考)—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?—I’mnotsure,butI______gototheRollingStonesconcert.

couldcouldmight根据提示的动词,用“情态动词+havedone”填空4.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,he______________(do)theresearchonhisown.5.(2013·辽宁高考)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He_______________(drink)toomuchatthepartylastnight.6.(2013·四川高考)—Whyareyoureyessored?You______________(sleep)welllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.

musthavedonemusthavedrunkcan’thaveslept虚拟语气考点1状语从句中虚拟语气的用法★★★★1.非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法2.目的状语从句中虚拟语气的用法(1)forfearthat/incase+从句:从句谓语用should+动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。*Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmisstheearlybus.我们早起以防错过早班车。(2)lest+从句:从句谓语用should(could/might)+动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。*Wegotupearlylestweshouldmisstheearlybus.我们早起以防错过早班车。3.方式状语从句中虚拟语气的用法asif/asthough+从句:(1)与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时;(2)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时;(3)与将来事实相反,从句谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。【点津】asif/asthough连接的从句表示很有可能的事实时,不需用虚拟语气。*ShespeaksEnglishasif/asthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.她讲英语好像她是一位地道的纽约人。(虚拟语气)【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014·湖南高考)IfMr.Dewey

(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.解题关键:根据本句中的hewouldhaveoffered可知,这里是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以从句应用过去完成时。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,主句谓语用“would/could/should/mighthavedone”,从句谓语用haddone。答案判定:句意:要是杜威先生当时在场的话,他就会给那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。故用hadbeen。【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014·北京高考)We________(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.2.(2014·重庆高考)ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________(do)it?3.(2013·江苏高考)IshouldnothavelaughedifI___________(think)youwereserious.wouldbehaddonehadthought4.(2012·北京高考)Don’thandlethevaseasifit_____(be)madeofsteel.5.(2012·陕西高考)Ifmycar________(be)morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.

werehadbeen考点23种特殊的虚拟语气结构★★★★【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014·福建高考)

(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.解题关键:根据主句中的关键词wouldhaveto以及句意可知,这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,从句应用一般过去时,即iftherewere...。当if从句中有were,had或should时,可将if省略,同时将were,had或should提到主语前构成部分倒装。答案判定:句意:要不是现代化的电讯,我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。故用Were。【高考集训】用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2014·浙江高考)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_______________(come)toourhelp.2.(2013·安徽高考)I_______________(go)tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.

wouldhavecomewouldhavegone3.(2013·福建高考)—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he________________(drive)hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.4.(2013·天津高考)IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.

wouldhavedrivenwouldbe考点3其他从句中虚拟语气的用法★★★1.主语从句中的虚拟语气Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/apity+that从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。*It’sstrangethatshe(should)makesomuchtrouble.很奇怪她居然惹这么多麻烦。2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)表示“建议,命令,要求”等意义时,宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。①坚持:动词insist;②命令:order,command;③建议:动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend;④要求:动词request,require,demand,ask。*Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.老师建议父母出于安全考虑最好不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。【点津】①suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气;②insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。(2)Iwish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)。①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用一般过去时;*Howhewishesthathewereabird!他真希望他是一只小鸟。②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时;*WewishthatwehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.我们要是去年去参观长城就好了。③表示将来愿望实现的可能性很小,从句常用could/would+动词原形。*Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。(3)wouldrather/prefer+that从句(从句用虚拟语气)①表示愿望与“现在事实或将来事实相反”,从句用一般过去时。*Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.我宁愿你现在不和我在一起。②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时。*Iwouldratheryouhadn’tdonethat.我宁愿你没做过那件事。3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should+)动词原形”。*Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitablyentertained.他下达命令客人们应该被热情款待。(2)asif,asthough引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。*Itlooksasifhewere10yearsyoungertoday.他今天看上去似乎年轻了10岁。*Itlooksasifhehadn’thadamealforaweek.他好像一周没吃过饭了。4.定语从句中的虚拟语气It’s(about/high/very)time+that从句(从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用一般过去时或should+动词原形,should不能省略),意为“某人该