2019年英语四级考试新大纲标准短语及固定搭配

10huaidan全国大学英语四级考试新大纲标准短语及固定搭配核心短语abideby(二befaithfulto;obey)忠于;遵守。beabsentfrom—.缺席，不在absenceormind(=beingabsent-minded)心不在焉absorb(=takeuptheattentionof)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):beabsorbedin全神贯注于…近:beengrossedin;belostin;beraptin;beconcentratedon;befocusedon;becenteredon(be)abundantin(berichin;bewellsuppliedwith)富于，富有access(to)(不可数名词)能接近，进入，了解byaccident(=bychance,accidentally)偶然地，意外.withoutaccident(=safely)安全地，ofone'sownaccord(^withoutbeingasked;willingly;freely)自愿地，主动地inaccordwith与…一致.outofone'saccordwith同….不一致withoneaccord(=witheverybodyagreeing)一致地inaccordancewith(=inagreementwith)依照，根据onone'sownaccount1)为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2)(=atone'sownrisk)自行负责3)(=byoneself)依靠自己onaccount赊账；onaccountof因为；onnoaccount不论什么原因也不;of…account有重要性.take…intoaccount(=consider)把考虑进去givesb.anaccountof说明，解释(理由)accountfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解释，说明.onaccountof(^becauseof)由于，因为.onnoaccount(=innocase,fornoreason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)accuse・・・of・・・(=charge・・・with;blamesb.forsth.;blamesth.onsb.;complainabout)指控,控告beaccustomedto(=beinthehabitof,beusedto)习惯于.beacquaintedwith(=tohaveknowledgeof)了解；(=tohavemetsocially)熟悉acton奉行,按照…行动；actas扮演；actfor代理adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己适应于adapt…(for)(=makesth.suitableforanewneed)改编，改写(以适应新的需要)inaddition(^besides)此外，又，加之inadditionto(=aswellas,besides,otherthan)除…外adhereto(=abideby,conformto,complywith,clingto,insiston,persistin,observe,opinion,belief)粘附；坚持，遵循adjacent(=nextto,closeto)毗邻的，临近的adjust(to)(=changeslightly)调节；适应；admitof(=becapableof,leaveroomfor)…的可能，留有…的余地.inadvance(beforeintime)预告，事先.

toadvantage有利的，使优点更加突出地.haveanadvantageover胜过.havetheadvantageof由于…处于有利条件havetheadvantageofsb.知道某人所不知道的事takeadvantageof(=makethebestof,utilize,makeuseof,profitfrom,harness)利用.agreewith赞同(某人意见)agreeto同意inagreement(with)同意，一致aheadof在…之前，超过…；aheadoftime提前.intheair1)不肯定，不具体.2)在谣传中.aboveall(=especially,mostimportantofall)尤其是，最重要的.inall(=countingeveryoneoreverything,altogether)总共，总计afterall毕竟,到底；(not)atall一点也不；allatonceUsuddenly)突然;onceandforall只此一次；aboveall最重要的；firstofall首先；allinall大体上说；beallin累极了；allbut几乎.allowforamountto(=takeintoconsideration,takeintoaccount)(=tobeequalto)总计，等于.43.answerforallowforamountto(=takeintoconsideration,takeintoaccount)(=tobeequalto)总计，等于.43.answerfor(undertakeresponsibilityfor,beliablefor,考虑到，估计到.takechargefor）对…负责.answerto(=conformto)适合，符合.beanxiousabout为…焦急不安；或anxiousforapologizetosb.forsth.为…向…道歉appealtosb.forsth.为某事向某人呼吁.appealtosb.对某人有吸引力applytosb.forsth.为…向…申请；applyfor申请；applyto适用.applyto与…有关;适用approveof(=consentto,beinfavorof,favor,agreeto,considergood,right)赞成，approvevt.批准arisefrom(=becausedby)由…弓I起.arrangeforsb./sth.todosth.安排…做…arriveon到达；arriveat到达某地(小地方)；得出,作出；arrivein到达某地（大地方）；beashamedof(=feelshame,guiltorsorrowbecauseofsth.done)以…为羞耻assuresb.ofsth.(=trytocausetobelieveortrustinsth.)向…保证，使…确信.attach(to)(=tofix,fasten;join)缚，系，结makeanattemptatdoingsth.(todosth.)试图做…attendto(=giveone'sattention,careandthought)注意，照顾;attendon(upon)(=waitupon,serve,lookafter)侍候，照料attitudeto/toward…对…的态度.看法attribute…to…(=tobelievesth.tobetheresultof…)把归因于,认为……是……的结果ontheaverage(=onaverage,onanaverage)平均(be)awareof(=beconsciousof,havingknowledgeorconsciousness)意识到,知道.atthebackof(=behind)在…后面inthebackof在…后部(里面)；onthebackof在…后部(外面)；beonone'sback(=beillinbed)卧病不起.atone'sbackUsupportingorfavoringsb.)支持,维护；havesb.atone'sback有…支持，有…作后台turnone'sbackonsb.(=turnawayfromsb.inanimpoliteway不理睬(某人)，背弃，抛弃behindone'sback背着某人(说坏话)bebasedon/upon基于onthebasisof根据…，在…基础上beat…at在…运动项目上打赢beginwith以…开始.tobeginwith(=firstofall)首先，第一(经常用于开始语)onbehalfof(=astherepresentativeof)以…名义believein(=havefaithortrustin;considersth./sb.tobetrue)相信，依赖,信仰.benefit(from)受益，得到好处.forthebenefitof为了…的利益(好处)forthebetter好转getthebetterof(=defeatsb.)打败，胜过.bybirth在出生上，论出身,按血统atbirth在出生时；givebirthto出生blamesb.forsth.因…责备某人.blamesth.onsb.把…推在某人身上inblossom开花(指树木)beinblossom开花(强调状态)comeintoblossom开花(强调动作)onboard到船上，在船上，上火车或飞机boastof(orabout)吹嘘outofbreath喘不过气来inbrief(=inasfewwordsaspossible)简言之inbulk成批地，不散装的takethefloor起立发言onbusiness出差办事.bebusywithsth.于某事.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事lastbutone倒数第二.butfor(=without)要不是.表示假设buysth.for・・・money用多少钱买becapableof能够，有能力becapableofbeing+过去分词:是能够被…的inanycase(=forloveormoney,atanyrate,atanyprice,atanycost,whateverhappens;anyhow)无论如何incase(=forfearthat)万一；incaseof(=intheeventof)如果发生…万一inthecaseof至于…，就…而.-言innocase在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)becautiousof谨防centerone'sattentionon(=focusone'sattentionon)把某人的注意力集中在…上becertainof(=besureof)有把握，一定.forcertainof(=forsure)肯定地，有把握地bychanceUaccidentally,byaccident)偶然forachange换换环境(花样等)chargesb.with…控告某人犯有…inchargeof(^responsiblefor)负责(某事)inthechargeof…由…管takechargeof(=tobeorbecomeresponsiblefor)负责管理(照顾)charge…for因…索取(费用)，chargesb.withsth.控告某人犯有…roundtheclock(=alldayandallnight,usuallywithoutstopping)昼夜不停地commenton评论commitoneselfto使自己承担…commitsb.toprison把某人送进监狱；commitone'sideatowriting把某人的想法写下来；commitamattertoacommittee把某事交给委员会讨论incommon(和…)有共同之处,共用.becommontosb.是与某人所共有的keepcompanywith(=befriendlyandgoouttogether)和…要好.compare…with…把…与…比较compare…to…把…比作…bycomparison比较起来incomparisonwith(=incontrastto)和…比起来compensatefor(=givesth.tomakeupfoi)补偿，赔偿，弥补compensatesb.forsth.赔偿，弥补complainof(orabout)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complainabout抱怨某人或事情；complaintosb.aboutsth.(orsb.)向某人抱怨…；complain(抱怨)；complement(补充)；compliment(恭维)complywith(=actinaccordancewithademand，order，ruleetc)遵守，依从conceiveof(thinkof，imagine，consider)想象，设想concentrateon(orupon)集中，专心beconcernedwith(=about)与…有关concernoneselfabout/with关心inconclusion(=asthelastthing)最后一点；attheconclusionof当…结束时；condemnsb.to判决onconditionthat(=if)以…为条件，假如.inthat=because因为；nowthat=since既然forallthat=although尽管in/outofcondition(=thoroughlyhealthyorfit/notfit)健康状况好/不好.ingood(bad)condition处于良好(坏)状态confess(to)(=admitafault,crime，orsth.wrong)承认，供认；confesstoacrime承认罪行.confidein(=totalkfreelytosb.aboutone'ssecret)对…讲真心话，依赖inconfidence推心置腹地；withconfidence满怀信心地；haveconfidencein对…有信心confidenceinsb./sth.对…的信赖beconfidentof有信心；confidential机密的confine…to…把…限制在某范围内confirmsb.in使某人更坚定(信念等)conformto(=beinagreementwith,complywith)符合，遵照，遵守；1)obey服从；2)observe;3)complywith照…办；4)keepto遵循；5)abideby服从;6)stickto按做beconfrontedwith(=bebroughtfacetofacewith)面对，面临congratulatesb.on祝贺inconnectionwith(=withregardto)关于，beconsciousof(=beawareof)觉察，知道consentto(=giveagreementtopermission)同意inconsequence(=asaresult)结果inconsequenceof(=asaconsequenceof)由于…的结果underconsideration在考虑中inconsiderationof(=inreturnfor,onaccountof,becauseof)由于onnoconsideration(innocase)无论如何也不take…intoconsideration(=takeaccountof,take・・・intoaccount)考虑到，把…考虑进去considerate(=thoughtfuloftheneeds)体贴的，考虑他人需要的，considerable相当大的，值得考虑的consistof(=becomposedof)由…组成的.consistin主要在于.consistwith符合，与致beconsistentwith(=beinagreement可讥》与・••一致.beconsistentin—贯的,consultsb.on/aboutsth.向…征求…方面的意见，就…向…请教toone'sheart'scontent尽情地，痛痛快快becontentwith(=besatisfiedwith)满足于becontenttodosth.愿意做某事contraryto(=inoppositionto)与…相反onthecontrary相反contrast…with把…与…相对(对照)incontrastto/with和…形成对比bycontrast对比之下contributeto有助于undercontrol(被)控制住outofcontrol无法控制atone'sconvenience(=whereandwhenitsuitsone)在方便的时间或地点.beconvenientto/for对…方便convincesb.of(=causesb.tobelieveorfeelcertain;topersuadesb.)使某人确信,trytopersuadesb.todosth.劝说某人做…copewith(=dealwith,trytofindasolutionto)应付，处理inthecorner(of)在角落里;on(at)thecomerofastreet在街道拐弯处;roundthecomer拐过弯；beinatightcorner陷入困境correspond(with)(=exchangelettersregularly)通信correspondto相当于.correspondwith符合,一致atallcosts不惜任何代价.atthecostof以…为代价amatterofcourse理所当然的事asamatterofcourse当然地，自然地in(during)thecourse在…过程中induecourse(=withouttoomuchdelay)没经过太久，到一定时候oncredit赊购；withcredit以优异成绩；toone'scredit使某人感到光荣；dosb.credit使…感到光荣becriticalof爱挑毛病的，批评的curesb.of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病adangerto对…的危险；beindanger(of)处于…危险中；beoutofdanger脱离危险todate(=sofar,untilnow)到目前为止outofdate过时的;uptodate新式的，时兴的；datebackto可追溯到；datefrom从某时期开始(有)dealwith(=concern)论及beindebttosb.欠…的债onthedecline在衰退中，在减少中indecline下降；ontheincrease在增加toone'sdelight令某人感到高兴toone'sregret遗憾；sorrow悲痛；relief安心；distress苦恼；shame羞愧；surprise惊奇；astonishment惊奇；delightin(=takegreatpleasureindoingsth.)喜欢，取乐take(a)delightin喜欢干…，以…为乐demandsth.ofsb.向某人要求(非物质的)东西.demandsth.fromsb.向某人要求(物质的)东西182.indemand有需求;ondemand受到要求时bedependenton依靠deprivesb.ofsth.剥夺某人某物derive…fromUobtain…from)从…取得，由…来的.derivefrom(=comefrom)起源于despairof(=loseallhopeof)绝望indespair绝望despite(=inspiteof)不管，尽管indetail详细地deviatefrom偏离，不按…办onadiet吃某种特殊饮食，节食differfrom…in与…的区别在于…indifficulties…有困难，处境困难，dischargesb.(from)・・・for(=dismisssb.fromajobfor)因…解雇，开除fallback(=retreat,turnback)撤退；indisorder慌乱地，狼狈不堪ondisplay(=beingshownpublicly)陈列disposeof(=getridof,throwaway)处理掉beyonddispute不容争议的，无可争议indispute在争议中inthedistance在远处.makeout辩认出(be)distinctfrom(=bedifferentfrom)与…截然不同distinguishbetween(=makeorrecognizedifferences)辨别distinguish…from把…与…区别开doawaywith(=getridof;abolish;discardeliminate)除去，废除，取消；doawaywith(=kill)杀掉，镇压have…todowith与…有关系withoutdoubt(=undoubtedly)无可置疑地indoubt(=inaconditionofuncertainty)对…表示疑惑bedueto是由于comeoffduty下班goonduty上班beonduty值班，值日，在上班时beindutyboundto(do)(=berequiredbyone'sjoboresp.byconscience)有义务(做)beeagerfor想得到，盼望byear(=playmusicfrommemorywithouthavingseenitprinted)凭记忆，不看乐谱haveanearfor(=havekeenrecognitionofsoundsesp.inmusicandlanguage)对有鉴赏力awordinone'sear私房话，秘密话onearth究竟，到底，全然withease(=easily)容易，不费力at(one's)ease(=withoutworryornervousness)自在,不拘束putsb.athis/herease(=freesb.fromworryornervousness)使某人感到无拘束economizeon(=savesth.insteadofbeingwasteful)节省haveaneffecton对…有影响beineffect(=beinoperation)有效gointoeffect生效.(近：comeintoeffect;takeeffect;bebroughtintoeffect)ineffect(=infact,really)实际上giveeffectto(=carryout)实行，使…生效tonoeffect不起作用，没有取得任何效果(be)ofnoeffect(=useless)无效totheeffectthat大意是…,主要内容是…tothateffect是那个意思的…emergefrom(=appear,becomeknown)出现，暴露(问题.意见等)place(orput,lay)anemphasison强调，把重点放在…上encouragesb.in鼓励；encouragesb.inhis/herwork鼓励某人工作；encouragesb.inhis/heridleness怂恿某人游手好闲encouragesb.in…withsth.用…鼓励某人做某事onend(continuously)连续地(be)atanend(=finished)结束了noendof(=verymany/much)很多，大量intheend(=finally,eventually)最终atone'swit'send(=notknowingwhattodoortosay)无法可想，智穷计尽endupwith以…而结束cometoandend(=finish)结束endin以…为结束engagein或beengagedin忙于,从事enterfor(=putthenameonalistfor)报名参加enterinto(=begin)开始(谈话，谈判等)enteron/upon(=begin)开始(一个时代.一种生涯.一段任期等)beentitledto(=begiventherighttodosth.)有权…，有资格…beequalto等于be/feelequalto(=haveenoughstrength,abilityetc.)(某人)能胜任，能应付onequalterms(=onandequalfooting)平等地beequippedwith装备有，装有(be)equivalentto(=equalinvalue,amount,meaning)相等于，相当于inessence(=inits/one'snature)本质上atallevents(=inspiteofeverything,inanycase)不论怎样，无论如何inanyevent(=whateverhappensinthefuture)无论如何，不管(将来)怎么样intheeventthat(=if)假如，如果.intheevent结果，实际情况是(常与but连用)intheeventof(=incaseof)万一，即使发生时except除…以外；besides除…以外还有except(=but)除了。exceptfor(=apartfrom)除…以外(an)exceptionto…的例外withtheexceptionof(=except,apartfrom)除去….，除…以外inexcessof(=morethan)超过exchange…for以…交换exclusiveof(=nottakingintoaccount;without)不包括inexcuseof作为…的借口exert…on…对…施加…exertoneselftodosth.努力，使劲comeintoexistence(=begintoexist)开始存在；comeintouse开始使用；comeintoeffect开始运转；comeintofashion开始时新；comeintoaction开始行动；comeintopower开始执政；comeintosight进入视野;comeintoblossom开花；(be)inexistence存在comeintoexistence出现expect…of在…期望…attheexpenseof在损害…情况下，以…为牺牲expose…to…使暴露于…，使…受(危险，风险)beexposedto…面临…，受到….beyondexpression(=inamannerthatcannotbeexpressed)无法形容，说不出的giveexpressionto表达，表现findexpressionin表现to•••extent在…程度上intheextreme(=extremely)极其/r/heeye正视，打量(某人)close(shut)one'seyesto不理会，视而不见inone'smind'seye在心目中，在想象中inthetwinklingofaneye一眨眼，转眼间keepaneyeon(=keepawatchon)照看，监视intheeyesofinone'seyes(=inthejudgmentof)在某人看来，在某人眼里onthefaceofit(=judgingbywhatonecansee)表面看来inthefaceof面对着(困难等情况)inone'sface当着某人的面；facetofaced面对面；faceupto大胆面向failin(=beunsuccessfulin)失败ingoodfaith(=honestly,sincerely)真诚地keepfaithwith对…守信用losefaithin对…失去信心onfaith毫无怀疑地，依赖地faithfulto(=loyalto)对…忠诚fallintothehabit(of)养成…习惯fallshortof(=failtoreachadesiredresult,standard,etc.)没达到，低于fam订iarwith熟悉，了解haveafancyfor(=likesth.withoutthehelpofreason)(没有道理地)喜欢，想要takeafancyto(=becomefondof)喜欢byfar远，非常(与比较级或最高级连用)farfrom远远不是farfrom非但不…(而且)infashion(=stylish,mostmodern)时兴，流行afterthefashion(of)依照…findfaultwith(=complainabout;criticize)找毛病，对…吹毛求疵atfault(=inthewrong,blamable)有错infavourof赞成beinfavourwith受宠，受偏爱；outoffavourwith失宠，不受宠inone'sfavour(=toone'sadvantage)对.有利(be)favourableto(=advantageous)有利的fearfor(=beafraidforthesafetyofsb.orsth.)为…担心forfearof(=incaseof;becauseofanxietyabout)以防，由于怕infearof(=afraidforthesafetyof)担心feed(sb.)onsth.靠吃…，用…喂养befedupwith(=beunhappy,tiredaboutsth.dull)厌烦，腻了feellike(=haveadesirefor)想要fillin填写fillout(=fillin)/r