《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案

《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案之南宫帮珍创作时间：二O二一年七月二十九日UnitOne:ComputerandComputerScienceUnitOne/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialintelligence人工智能2.paper-tapereader纸带阅读器3.opticalcomputer光计算机4.neuralnetwork神经网络5.instructionset指令集6.parallelprocessing并行处理7.differenceengine差分机8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑元件9.siliconsubstrate硅衬底10.vacuumtube真空管11.数据的存储与处理thestorageandhandlingofdata12.超大规模集成电路verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit13.中央处理器centralprocessingunit14.个人计算机personalcomputer15.模拟计算机analoguecomputer16.数字计算机digitalcomputer17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer18.处理器芯片processorchip19.操纵指令operatinginstructions20.输入设备inputdeviceIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanalsobeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC(通用自动计算机),introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsWordStrdvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsWordStrdtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识此外改进将使计算机的操纵更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包含使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行运算的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会发生的热量有关。UnitOne/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.experimentation/r/erfacing/r/erdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.artificialneuralnetwork人工神经网络/r/puterarchitecture计算机体系结构3.robustcomputerprogram健壮的计算机程序4.human-computerinterface人机接口5.knowledgerepresentation知识暗示6.数值分析numericalanalysis7.程序设计环境programmingenvironment8.数据结构datastructure9.存储和检索信息storeandretrieveinformation10.虚拟现实virtualrealityUnitOne/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.output2.supercomputer3.microcontroller4.handheld;convergenceII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.Webpage（万维）网页2.touchscreen触摸屏，触屏3.bladeserver刀片服务器4.removablestoragedevice移动（式）存储设备5.声卡soundcard6.存储服务器storageserver7.便携式媒体播放器portablemediaplayer8.硬盘harddiskUnitTwo:ComputerArchitectureUnitTwo/SectionAI．Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.input;output;storage2.BasicInput/OutputSystem3.flatbed;hand-held4.LCD-based5.dot-matrix;inkjet6.disk;memory7.volatile8.serial;parallelII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.functionkey功能键，操纵键，函数键2.voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块3.touch-sensitiveregion触敏区4.addressbus地址总线5.flatbedscanner平板扫描仪6.dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallelconnection并行连接8.cathoderaytube阴极射线管9.videogame电子游戏10.audiosignal音频信号11.操纵系统operatingsystem12.液晶显示（器）LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)13.喷墨打印机inkjetprinter14.数据总线databus15.串行连接serialconnection性存储器volatilememory17.激光打印机laserprinter18.磁盘驱动器diskdrive／输出系统BIOS(BasicInput/OutputSystem)20.视频显示器videodisplayIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiscread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldiscsusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisc,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpy(高低不服的)areas(called“pits”)onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiscisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”disc.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprinted(压印)bythepublisher.AsingleCD-ROMdisccanstore650megabytes(兆字节)ofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisc,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:调制解调器是在模拟与数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通经常使用一系列1和0暗示。模拟信号是连续变更的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经经常使用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采取的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采取的则是半双工工作方式。UnitTwo/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.graphical2.file;schedulerII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:/r/errupthandler中断处理程序2.virtualmemory虚拟存储（器），虚存，虚拟内存3.contextswitch上下文转换，语境转换4.mainmemory主存（储器）5.bitpattern位模式6.外围设备peripheraldevice7.进程表processtable8.时间片timeslice9.图形用户界面graphicaluserinterface10.海量存储器massstorageUnitTwo/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.repository2.central;sub-systems/r/work4.layered或abstractmachineII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.codegenerator代码生成程序，代码发生器2.abstractmachine抽象机/r/grameditor程序编辑程序，程序编辑器4.configurationitem配置项5.计算机辅助设计CAD(computer-aideddesign)6.数据冗余dataredundancy7.指挥与控制系统commandandcontrolsystem8.视频压缩与解压缩videocompressionanddecompressionUnitThree:ComputerLanguageandProgrammingUnitThree/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.artificial;instructions2.low-level;high-levelachine5.functional;logictatementodule8.digitalII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.storageregister存储寄存器2.functionstatement函数语句/r/gramstatement程序语句4.object-orientedlanguage面向对象语言5.assemblylanguage汇编语言/r/ermediatelanguage中间语言，中级语言7.relationallanguage关系（型）语言8.artificiallanguage人工语言9.datadeclaration数据声明10.StructuredQueryLanguage结构化查询语言11.可执行程序executableprogram12.程序模块programmodule13.条件语句conditionalstatement14.赋值语句assignmentstatement15.逻辑语言logiclanguage16.机器语言machinelanguage17.函数式语言functionallanguage18.程序设计语言programminglanguage19.运行计算机程序runacomputerprogram20.计算机程序员computerprogrammerIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itletstheprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardtomachine-specificdetails.Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageof0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonics(助记符)forinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassembler(汇编程序，汇编器)intothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaders(连接装入程序)combinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceitallowed“libraries”ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages(closertonaturallanguages)wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforcompilers,programsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得程序设计员的工作变得比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。UnitThree/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:bjects2.platform-independentultithreadinguntimeII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.nativecode本机（代）码2.headerfile头标文件；页眉文件3.multithreadedprogram多线程程序4.Java-enabledbrowser支持Java的浏览器5.maliciouscode恶意代码6.机器码machinecode7.汇编码assemblycode8.特洛伊木马程序Trojanhorse9.软件包softwarepackage10.类条理classhierarchyUnitThree/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.subscript;index2.fixedII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.barchart条形图2.frequencyarray频率数组3.graphicalrepresentation图形暗示4.multidimensionalarray多维数组5.用户视图user(’s)view6.下标形式subscriptform7.一维数组one-dimensionalarray8.编程结构programmingconstructUnitFour:SoftwareDevelopmentUnitFour/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.application;operating2.assemblers/r/piler/r/erpreterebuggeroop7.driver8.JohnvonNeumannII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.inferenceengine推理机2.systemcall系统调用/r/piledlanguage编译执行的语言4.parallelcomputing并行计算5.patternmatching模式匹配6.memorylocation存储单元/r/erpreterprogram解释程序8.libraryroutine库程序，程序库例行程序/r/ermediateprogram中间程序，过渡程序10.sourcefile源文件11.解释执行的语言interpretedlanguage12.设备驱动程序devicedriver13.源程序sourceprogram14.调试程序debuggingprogram15.目标代码objectcode16.应用程序applicationprogram17.实用程序utilityprogram18.逻辑程序logicprogram19.墨盒inkcartridge20.程序的存储与执行programstorageandexecutionIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneedacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.Compilerscollectandreorganize(compile)alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.Iftheobjectcodeisnotinmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchasassemblers,binders(联编程序),linkers,andloaders(加载程序)—finishthetranslation.Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers(PC)andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,socompilersforalanguagemayvarybetweenmanufacturers.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或发生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。较轻微的错误，如光标表示异常，会造成方便或带来挫折，但不会对信息发生破坏性影响。较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保管的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微错误在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问题或减轻其影响。UnitFour/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.entity2.duration3.data;process或process;dataII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.checkbox复选框，选择框，校验框tructureddesign结构化设计3.buildingblock积木块，构建模块，构件4.databaseschema数据库模式5.radiobutton单选（按）钮6.系统建模技术systemmodelingtechnique7.模型驱动开发model-drivendevelopment8.数据流程图dataflowdiagram9.下拉式菜单drop-down(或pull-down)menu10.滚动条scrollbarUnitFour/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:eterogeneoussynchronousridges4.opennessII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:/r/cedurecall过程调用2.faulttolerance容错3.homogeneoussystem同构系统4.autonomousagent自主主体5.路由算法routingalgorithm6.异构型环境heterogeneousenvironment7.多址通信协议multicastprotocol8.通信链路communication(s)linkUnitFive:SoftwareProcessUnitFive/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.off-the-shelf2.exclusive4.requirements;integration5.throwaway;stable;framework;compromisesII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.systemspecification系统规格说明2.unittesting单位（或单元、部件）测试3.softwarelifecycle软件生命周期（或生存周期）4.systemvalidationtesting系统验证测试5.evolutionarydevelopmentprocess演化开发过程6.linearmodel线性模型/r/gramunit程序单元8.throwawayprototype抛弃式原型9.textformatting正文格式编排，文本格式化10.systemevolution系统演变11.系统设计范例systemdesignparadigm12.需求分析与定义requirementsanalysisanddefinition13.探索式编程方法exploratoryprogrammingapproach14.系统文件编制systemdocumentation15.瀑布模型waterfallmodel16.系统集成systemintegration17.商用现成软件commercialoff-the-shelf(或COTS)software18.基于组件的软件工程component-basedsoftwareengineering(CBSE)19.软件维护工具softwaremaintenancetool20.软件复用softwarereuseIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Therearethreedifferenttypesofsoftwaremaintenance.Firstly,thereismaintenancetorepairsoftwarefaults.Codingerrorsareusuallyrelativelycheaptocorrect;designerrorsaremoreexpensiveastheymayinvolverewritingseveralprogramcomponents.Requirementserrorsarethemostexpensivetorepairbecauseoftheextensivesystemredesignthatmaybenecessary.Secondly,thereismaintenancetoadaptthesoftwaretoadifferentoperatingenvironment.Thistypeofmaintenanceisrequiredwhensomeaspectofthesystem’senvironmentsuchasthehardware,theplatformoperatingsystemorothersupportsoftwarechanges.Theapplicationsystemmustbemodifiedtoadaptittocopewiththeseenvironmentalchanges.Andthirdly,thereismaintenancetoaddtoormodifythesystem’sfunctionality.Thistypeofmaintenanceisnecessarywhenthesystemrequirementschangeinresponsetoorganizationalorbusinesschange.Thescaleofthechangesrequiredtothesoftwareisoftenmuchgreaterthanfortheothertypesofmaintenance.Inpractice,thereisn’taclear-cutdistinctionbetweenthesetypesofmaintenance.Whenyouadaptthesystemtoanewenvironment,youmayaddfunctionalitytotakeadvantageofnewenvironmentalfeatures.Softwarefaultsareoftenexposedbecauseusersusethesysteminunanticipatedways.Changingthesystemtoaccommodatetheirwayofworkingisthebestwaytofixthesefaults.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的测验考试只取得了有限的成功。计算机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不成能实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替介入软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设计。计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。软件过程不竭演变，以利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于一些系统来说，需要的是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能更为有效。UnitFive/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.acceptance2.code3.automation;coverage4.regressionII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.blackboxtesting黑盒测试（法）2.acceptancetesting验收测试3.codeexecutionpath代码执行路径4.testharness测试框架5.equivalencepartitioning等价（类）划分6.捕获／回放工具capture/playbacktool7.视频分辨率videoresolution8.白盒测试whiteboxtesting9.测试脚本testscript10.用例usecaseUnitFive/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:/r/blem2.consequences3.designpecific;generalII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:/r/cedurallanguage过程语言/r/mondesignstructure通用设计结构3.classandobjectinteraction类与对象交互4.designconstraint设计约束5.设计模式designpattern6.可复用软件reusablesoftware7.面向对象的系统object-orientedsystem8.继承条理inheritancehierarchyUnitSix:DatabaseUnitSix/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.flat2.data;administrators;replicated;attributesII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.enduser最终用户，终端用户2.atomicoperation原子操纵3.databaseadministrator数据库管理员4.relationaldatabasemodel关系数据库模型5.localdata当地数据6.object-orienteddatabase面向对象数据库7.databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)数据库管理系统8.entity-relationshipmodel(ERM)实体关系模型9.distributeddatabase分布式数据库10.flatfile平面文件11.二维表two-dimensionaltable12.数据属性dataattribute13.数据库对象databaseobject14.存储设备storagedevice15.数据类型datatype16.数据拔出与删除datainsertionanddeletion17.条理数据库模型hierarchicaldatabasemodel18.数据库体系结构databasearchitecture19.关系数据库管理系统relationaldatabasemanagementsystem(RDBMS)20.全局控制总线globalcontrolbusIII.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:Adatabaseisanycollectionofdataorganizedforstorageinamemoryanddesignedforeasyaccessbyauthorizedusers.Thedatamaybeintheformoftext,numbers,orencodedgraphics.SmalldatabaseswerefirstdevelopedorfundedbytheU.S.governmentforagencyorprofessionaluse.Inthe1960s,somedatabasesbecamecommerciallyavailable,buttheirusewasfunnelled(传送)throughafewso-calledresearchcentersthatcollectedinformationinquiriesandhandledtheminbatches(批，批量).Onlinedatabases—thatis,databasesavailabletoanyonewhocouldlinkuptothembycomputer—firstappearedinthe1970s.Sincetheirfirst,experimentalappearanceinthe1950s,databaseshavebecomesoimportantthattheycanbefoundinalmosteveryfieldofinformation.Government,military,andindustrialdatabasesareoftenhighlyrestricted,andprofessionaldatabasesareusuallyoflimitedinterest.Awiderangeofcommercial,governmental,andnonprofitdatabasesareavailabletothegeneralpublic,however,andmaybeusedbyanyonewhoownsorhasaccesstotheequipmentthattheyrequire.IV.TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese:在关系数据库中，表的行暗示记录（关于分歧项的信息集），列暗示字段（一个记录的特定属性）。在进行搜索时，关系数据库将一个表中的一个字段的信息与另一个表的一个相应字段的信息进行匹配，以生成将来自这两个表的所要求数据结合起来的另一个表。例如，如果一个表包含EMPLOYEE-ID、LAST-NAME、FIRST-NAME和HIRE-DATE字段，另一个表包含DEPT、EMPLOYEE-ID和SALARY字段，关系数据库可匹配这两个表中的EMPLOYEE-ID字段，以找到特定的信息，如所有挣到一定薪水的雇员的姓名或所有在某个日期之后受雇的雇员所属的部分。换言之，关系数据库使用两个表中的匹配值，将一个表中的信息与另一个表中的信息联系起来。微型计算机数据库产品一般是关系数据库。UnitSix/SectionBI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:2.scheduler;exclusiveII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.nonvolatilestoragesystem非易失性存储系统2.equipmentmalfunction设备故障3.wound-waitprotocol受伤―等待协议4.exclusivelock排它锁，互斥（型）锁5.databaseintegrity数据库完整性6.共享锁sharedlock7.数据库实现databaseimplementation8.级联回滚cascadingrollback9.数据项dataitem10.分时操纵系统time-sharingoperatingsystemUnitSix/SectionCI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:1.patterns;data2.knowledge3.centralized;distributed4.wirelessII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.dataset数据集2.datawarehouse数据仓库3.WebcommunityWeb社区，网络社区4.sensornetwork传感器网络，传感网，感知网5.数据挖掘datamining6.社交网络socialnetwork7.软件错误softwarebug8.实时realtimeUnitSeven:ComputerNetworksUnitSeven/SectionAI.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:2.open;closed3.bus4.token;temporaryII.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:1.fileserver文件服务器2.carriersense载波检测，载波监听/r/tocolsuite协议组，协议集4.peer-to-peermodel对等模