2021年新课标新高考英语复习练习讲义：专题四　猜测词义

专题四猜测词义【方法集训】Exercise1Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears,untilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inParagraph2referto?CustomersofSparrowrestaurants.Sparrowrestaurants.Customersofotherfast-foodchains.Otherfast-foodchains.答案DExercise2Wealsoknowthebugasaflawinacomputerprogramorotherdesign.ThatmeaningdatesbacktothetimeofThomasEdison.In1878heexplainedbugsas/zlittleproblemsanddifficultieswthatrequiredmonthsofstudyandlabortoovercomeindevelopingasuccessfulproduct.In1889itwasrecordedthatEdison“hadbeenupthetwopreviousnightsdiscoveringzabug'inhisinventedrecordplayer.”Whatdoestheword"flaw"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Explanation. B.Finding.C.Origin. D.Fault.答案DExercise3WhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass,amonitor（监控器）afewhundredmilesawaywaswatchinghereverymove.UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifer,sLosAngelesapartment,themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslocked-remotely-topreventInternetsearches,andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesureshewaswhoshesaidshewas:Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast?0rwassheslowingdown?Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasuresagainstcheating,expertssay,canInternetuniversitiesshowthattheirexamsanddiplomasarevalid—thatstudentshaven'tjustsearchedtheInternettogettherightanswers.Theunderlinedexpression“cuttingedge“inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.A.advancedtechnique B.sharpeningtoolC.effectiverule D.dividingline答案A【五年高考】A组统一命题・课标卷题组Passage1（2019课标全国!,B）词数:329ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe'snervous./ZI,mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should..."Christripsonthe"-Id,"apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport./z...Votefor...me..."Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes./zIttakesalotforanystudent,"Whaleyexplains,“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,'Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow.*"Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,/zWhaleysays,"isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.HWhatmadeChrisnervous?A.Tellingastory. B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest. D.Answeringaquestion.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stumbles“inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley*sprojectisto.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsassessstudents'publicspeakingskillspreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsinspirestudents,loveforpoliticsWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring. D.Demanding.答案l.BAA4.CPassage2（2019课标全国II,A）词数:264MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries（糸歹lj）oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.

MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahTswritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda*sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress,MissTrunchbull,areequallyfunnyandfrightening,butthey,realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt'sabouttwosisters-Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister,Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse^nightpeople“whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.Gi11ianFlynn.C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDahl.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda.C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?Afolktale.Abiography.Afolktale.Abiography.C.Alovestory.C.Alovestory.D.Ahorrorstory.林塞l.C.C.DPassage3（2019课标全国H,B）词数:338“Youcanusemeasalastresort（选择），andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.nThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.Iguessthatthere*sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren,tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,I'11doit.”msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere*srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.Thatreliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.Inthatsense,I,mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI,dfreely1iketoadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatterwheremymotivationlies?Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.Sheisn*tgoodatsports.Shejustdoesn,twanttovolunteer.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstringswinparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork. B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds. D.Provideadvice.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.Sheisproudofherkids.She*11workforanotherseason.Shebecomesagoodhelper.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?Itgivesherasenseofduty.Itmakesherveryhappy.Itenableshertoworkhard.Itbringshermaterialrewards.答案l.C2.B3.D4.BPassage4（2019课标全国III,B）词数:313ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource（来源）ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion（时尚）shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics（美字）onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,HsaysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyarecentraltoitsmovement.wOfcourse,notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,waddsHi11.ForHi11,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,wshesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways.”WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?Theyaresettingthefashion.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.Theyadmiresupermodels.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon“inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownonC.workingwith D.competingagainstWhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldAChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends林塞l.B.A.D.DPassage5（2018课标全国!I,B）词数:258ManyofusloveJulybecauseitsthemonthwhennature,sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia*sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（讥氧化物质）.TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃），theyaresodelicious.Whocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorsiicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve“creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren,sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?Theycontainprotein.TheyarehighinvitaminA.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.Theyarerichinantioxidants.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.Tokeeptheircolour.Tospeeduptheirripening.Toimprovetheirnutrition.Whatis“ajuicer“inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert. B.Adrink.C.Acontainer. D.Amachine.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?Abiologytextbook.Ahealthmagazine.Aresearchpaper.Atravelbrochure.生室l.C2.B3.D4.BPassage6（2018课标全国HI,D）词数:304Adultsunderstandwhatitfeels1iketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund（基金）（ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor）.Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.Whatdothewords“moreismore“inparagraph1probablymean?Themore,thebetter.Enoughisenough.Moremoney,moreworries.Earnmoreandspendmore.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?Savingupforherhoiiday.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.Addingthemoneytoherfund.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?Totryoutanidea.Toshowaparent,slove.Totrainhisattention.Tohelphimstartahobby.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithLessD.ThePleasureofGiving答案l.A2.C.A.CPassage7（201y课标全国I,D）词数:311Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸储器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5'X5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup-tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout-thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone（圆锥体）with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates（烝发）andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sdelicate. B.It,sexpensive.C.It'scomplex. D.It'sportable.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher“inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube. B.Thestill.C.Thehole. D.Thecup.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?Digaholeofacertainsize.Putthecupinplace.Weightthesheet,scenterdown.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.Whenasolarsti11works,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom.A.theplastictube B.outsidetheholeC.theopenair D.beneaththesheet答案l.D2.B.C.DPassage8（201T课标全国II,B）词数:289IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn,twantmeforthefilm-itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技艺）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWal1campsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn'tseeeachotheral1thatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn'ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn'tneedalotofwords.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?PaulNewmanwantedit.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.Hewasn'tfamousenough.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?Theywereofthesameage.Theyworkedinthesametheater.Theywerebothgoodactors.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief. B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess. D.Theirsupportforeachother.Whatistheauthor*spurposeinwritingthetext?Toshowhisloveoffilms.Torememberafriend.Tointroduceanewmovie.Tosharehisactingexperience.答案l.C2.D3.A4.BPassage9（2017课标全国HI,C）词数:291Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations-majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被），whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark*sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark*sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced“inparagraph2mean?A.Tested. B.Separated.C.Forcedout. D.Trackeddown.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?Damagetolocalecology.Adeclineinthepark'sincome.Preservationofvegetation.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.Whatistheauthor*sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.林素l