考研考博-英语-晋中师范高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-晋中师范高等专科学校押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社会等级)society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

问题1选项

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

问题2选项

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

问题3选项

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

问题4选项

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

问题5选项

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的运作需要一个阶级社会，因为从本质上讲，它既不发生在原始群体那样的同质社会，也不发生在种姓社会。），可知A选项“时尚起源于阶级社会”正确，B选项“时尚只存在于群体生活的几个领域”和C选项“时尚存在于每个社会”错误，时尚也不会存在于原始社会，D选项“在原始社会，人们喜欢赶时髦”错误。因此A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他们生活和行为的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他们的阶级所模仿，反过来，这些阶级又被社会结构中直接低于他们的群体所模仿。），这里指的是社会精英，可知社会精英引领时尚，C选项“社会精英”正确。A选项“哲学家”，B选项“艺术家”和D选项“作家”正确。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动，也正是这一特点使得一位作家评论道，一种时尚一旦推出，就注定要灭亡。），可知时尚会消亡，也就不是真实的，D选项“一种时尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正确，A选项“时尚是一种真实的运动”和C选项“一种时尚一旦推出就永远不会消失”错误。B选项“上层阶级在使时尚成为运动中发挥了一点点作用”：上层阶级是推动时尚的主要人群，不符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），所以A选项“与其他运动没有什么共同之处”正确。C选项“有一个强有力的领导引导”：根据文章倒数第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（没有领导为运动提供有意识的方向），可知不符合文章内容。B选项“最终会发展成一个社会组织”和D选项“有一系列符号和价值”文章没有提到。因此A选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人们自愿参加时尚运动，是对时尚强加给他们有趣而有力控制的一种响应。），可知时尚运动是一种对时尚的回应，他们通过时尚运动这种行为表达了对时尚的态度，B选项“是一种表达行为”正确。A选项“其功能与特定的社会运动相同”：根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），可知时尚运动和其他社会运动没有相同之处。C选项“可以提高参与者的士气”：根据第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他们没有树立起士气。），可知时尚运动不能提高士气。D选项“对人群行为的方式有很大的贡献”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

2.翻译题

Idon’trecallFrenchcivilizationfeelingsoimportantinmylifetime.Therewillbeuglyargumentsoverthecomingweeks,oncethefirstshockpasses,overwhowasresponsible,howthisdisasterhappened,whatnegligencewasinvolved.Butinthosesilent,reverent,hymn-singingcrowdsonthestreetsofParis,IalsosawthepossibilityofaFrenchcoming-togetherinthedeterminationtorebuildnotonlytheNotre-Damecathedral,butalsoanationshakenbytheviolenceoftheYellowVestmovementandthesocialdivisionsitreflects.ThestoryofNotre-Dameisastoryofenduranceandrebirth.

【答案】在我的一生中，法国文明从未有过如此重要的感觉。在接下来的几周内，一旦第一波冲击过去，谁应该对此负责，这场灾难是如何发生的，哪些过失牵涉其中，将会有令人不快的争论。但在那些沉默的,虔诚的,只需人群在巴黎街头,我也看到了一个法国相遇了的可能性的决心重建不仅圣母院大教堂,也是一个国家遭受的暴力黄色背心运动和社会部门反映。巴黎圣母院的故事是一个关于忍耐和重生的故事。

3.单选题

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

问题1选项

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。vengeful“复仇的，报复的”；invincible“无敌的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我们惊讶地发现他有报复心理，他记着那些做了对不起他的事的人。选项A符合题意。

4.翻译题

Theinitialfundofgeneralscientificknowledgeisaninvaluableasset,buttheyoungresearchworkershouldhavenoillusionabouthowlittleitiscomparedwithwhatheorsheshouldacquireduringsucceedingyears.Astotheprecisevalueofthisinitialfundofknowledge,thisdependstoagreatdegreeonhowithasbeenacquiredandonwhohasbeenimpartingit.(1)Youngscientistscannotrealizetoosoonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

Theoriginalpapersofgreatscientistsdescribingtheirdiscoveriesandexplainingtheirtheoriesareneverasrigidandself-confidentastheresumesofthesediscoveriesandtheoriesintextbooksbyothermenoftensuggest.Youngscientistsconsultingtheseoriginalworkswillfindinthem"itappearsthat”,“itprobablymeans’’,“itseemslikelythat”n,morethanonce,asexpressionsofelementsofdoubtwhichgreatmenfeltandhonestlyputonrecord.(2)Manystatementswhichhaveappearedintextbooksasuniversalandabsolutetruthshave,intheiroriginalform,beenputforwardasonlyapproximatelytrue,ortrueonlyincertaincircumstances.

Immediatelyuponstartingonthefirstseriouspieceofresearch,ayoungscientistmustthereforedotwothings.(3)Thefirstoftheseshouldbeacarefulreadingoforiginalpapersorbooksrelatingtotheproblem,writtenbyinvestigatorswhosetechniqueandjudgmenthecantrust.Whilereadingthesepublicationsinamostattentiveandreceptivemanner,theyoungscientistmustnotfallintotheerrorofplacinginthemagreaterconfidencethantheirauthorwouldwishhimtodo.(4)Nogreatscientisteverwantshispupilstobemeretaperecorders,faithfullyrecordinghisremarks,neverquestioninganything.Neverwantingtoaddtoorsubtractfromwhathehasgiventhem.Thesecondthingayoungscientistmustdo,almostbutnotquitesimultaneouslywiththefirst,istoproceedwithobservationsandexperiments.(5)Theinitialobservationsandexperimentswillbefailures,buttheywillhelpthedevelopmentofappropriateexperimentaltechnique,andtheywillgiveagreaterunderstandingoftheliteraturetheyoungscientistisstudying.

【答案】1.年轻的科学家们要尽快意识到现在的科学知识不像许多教科书所暗示的那样全面、肯定以及不可改变。2.教科书很多普遍且绝对的真理最初只是作为接近真理或者某种特定情况下的真理而提出来的。

3.第一件事是认真阅读由那些技术和评价都值得信任的调查者写下的关于这个问题的原始论文或者书籍。4.没有哪位伟大的科学家希望他的学生仅仅像录音机似的原原本本地记录下他的话语，从来不问问题，从不想对他教授的内容进行增添或削减。

5.最开始的观察和实验会失败，但它们有助于开发合适的实验技术，并且它们有助于年轻科学家更好地理解他们正在研究的文献。

5.单选题

Theconference（）afullweekbythetimeitends.

问题1选项

A.musthavelasted

B.willhavelasted

C.wouldlast

D.haslasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。根据题干以及选项可知本题考查时态的用法，又根据bythetimeitends：到会议结束的时候，以及句意可知本题应该使用将来完成时态，因此选项B为正确选项。句意：到会议结束时将已经持续整整一周了。

6.单选题

Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.

问题1选项

A.failures

B.defects

C.routes

D.spots

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。failures“失败”；defects“缺点”；routes“路线”；spots“斑点”。句意：质量控制技术的改进使产品质量更高，缺陷更少。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

问题1选项

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

问题2选项

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

问题3选项

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

问题4选项

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

问题5选项

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“科幻小说之所以被称为文学流派分支是因为……”。根据第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（科幻小说是散文小说的一个分支，也就是说，它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处）可知，D项“它与其他类型的散文小说有共同的特点”正确；根据第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.（许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表……这是不幸的，因为它贬低了一个值得的，甚至是重要的文学努力）可知，科幻小说是重要的文学努力，A项“它还不够重要去成为一种文学体裁”错误；根据第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction（只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说）可知，科幻小说可以以戏剧形式出现，B项“不能以戏剧的形式表演”错误；根据第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone（科幻小说是文学的一个分支，这一点非常重要）可知，科幻小说就是属于文学流派分支，C项“称其为体裁会使它从属于文学流派”也不符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“被低俗杂志推崇的科幻小说这一的观点尽管是错误的，然而它却是……”。根据第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.（许多人似乎认为科幻小说以一些老式低俗杂志的封面为代表）可知，这种观点是非常普遍的，A项“流行的，普遍的”正确；B项“疯狂的”、C项“优雅的”和D项“准确的”表述都不够准确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章恰当的标题应该是……”。通读全文可知，文章主要是阐述科幻小说的定义，即它和散文小说有共同的特点，属于文学流派的分支，故C项“科幻小说的定义”最能概括全文；A项“关于低俗杂志的不准确性”和D项“散文小说的一种类型”都只是部分提及；B项“人与宇宙”没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者的定义表明，所有科幻小说都涉及……”。根据第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（它具有一般散文小说的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它与其他所有的小说和短篇故事有很多共同之处）以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.（科幻小说中的主题的构建和呈现方式与其他任何类型的小说的主题处理方式完全相同）可以推断，A项“与小说和短篇故事一样的主题”是正确的；B项“不常见的或者是不寻常的事物”和D项“科学和小说间的冲突”在文中没有根据；C项“KarelCapek著名的假设”，文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown（只有少数戏剧可以被称为科幻小说，其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的），可知C项无中生有。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章最后一个句子的含义是……”。文章最后一句话是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.（简而言之，阅读和欣赏科幻小说的原因，以及研究和分析科幻小说的方式，基本上与阅读其他故事或小说的方式相同）可知，阅读和欣赏科幻小说的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小说的方式基本相同，因此可以反推，能够阅读和分析小说的人也能读科幻小说，故D项“那些能读和分析小说的人也能读科幻小说”符合题意；A项“喜欢科幻小说是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息，并不是该句的含义；B项“读者应该求助于一般小说的评论”和C项“读者没有理由不喜欢科幻小说”在本句没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

8.单选题

AspecialmemorialservicewillbeheldintheCathedraltothe（

）500thanniversaryofitsconstruction.

问题1选项

A.note

B.illustrate

C.mark

D.remember

【答案】C

【解析】句意:为纪念大教堂建造500周年，一场特殊的纪念仪式将在里面被举行。

考查动词辨析。Note注意,留意,指出;illustrate(用示例、图画等)说明,解释,表明…真实;mark做记号,做标记,留下痕迹;remember回想起,记得,记起。分析题干可知此处表示“几年500周年”,故选C。

9.单选题

Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.

Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.

Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.

AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.

Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.

Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.

1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby（）.

2.Theimmigrants'flushinginwasconsideredathreattoAmericanvaluemainlybecause（）.

3."Citizenshipclasses"(Para.4)wereofferedbecauseAmericans（）.

4.Thepoliticalbosseshelpedthenewimmigrantsforthemainpurposeof（）.

5.Thelivingstandardsofthenewimmigrantswereimprovedinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesmainlybecause（）.

问题1选项

A.thedifferencetheyshowedfromthemajority

B.thetimewhentheyarrivedatthenewland

C.thebackgroundconditionstheycamefrom

D.thereligionsgrouptowhichtheybelonged

问题2选项

A.theimmigrantscamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope

B.theimmigrantshadbeenaccustomedtopovertyanddependence

C.theimmigrantshaddifferenthomelandtraditionsandotherparticularcharacteristics

D.theimmigrantsdidnotspeakEnglish

问题3选项

A.wantedtohelptheimmigrantstosolvetheirpracticalneeds

B.wouldnotacceptanygroupswithdifferenttraditions

C.wantedtheimmigrantstodealwiththethreattotheAmericanvalues

D.wantedtheimmigrantstolearnaboutandtokeeptheAmericanvalues

问题4选项

A.showingofftheirpoliticalpowersandadvantages

B.gettingsupportinelections

C.assimilatingtheminorityintothemajority

D.showingtheirgenerosity

问题5选项

A.theykeptthepoliticalbossesinpower

B.thepoliticalbossesgavethemalotofpracticalhelp

C.theyhadamuchstrongerfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture

D.therewasarapidgrowthinAmericaneconomyatthattime

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“...aminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.”少数群体因其不同于占主导地位的多数群体的特征的程度决定了该群体被接受的程度。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第一段的最后一句“ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.”大量具有明显不同特征的移民往往被视为对美国基本价值观和美国生活方式的威胁。选项C正确。

3.根据第四段的第一句“AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.”为移民提供公民课程是因为美国希望移民们了解并保持美国的价值观。选项D符合原文。

4.根据第五段的最后一句“Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.”作为对他们帮助的回报，政治领袖们希望移民们在选举中投票支持他们，从而使他们继续掌权。所以选项B正确。

5.根据第六段的第三句“ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.”20世纪的移民生活水平提高主要原因还是美国经济的快速发展，所以选项D正确。

10.单选题

InWesterncountriespeoplehavebeenusingtheinstallment(分期付款)sincethefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.（1）indicatethatmorethan60percentoftheyearlyretailsales(零售)intheU.S.arecredittransaction.Aboutthreefourthsofthecreditsalesaremadeontheinstallmentplan.Morethanhalfoftheautomobiles,（2）,andhouse-holdappliancesarepurchasedontheinstallmentplan.

Manyfamiliescansaveenoughtomakemajorpurchases;（3）,theyareabletopurchaseswithoutcashontheinstallmentplan.Thepriceofgoodsboughtinthiswayisalways（4）thanthepricethatwouldbepaid（5）cash.Thereisachargeforinterest.Thebuyerwillhavetopayaproportion（6）,perhapsone-quarterorone-third,ofthepriceasadownpaymentwhenthegoodsaredeliveredtohim.Hethenmakes（7）payments,weeklyormonthly,untilthe（8）priceispaidup.Thelegalownershipofthegoodsremainswiththe（9）untilthefinalpaymenthasbeenmade.

Someeconomistsbelievethatsellinggoodstoconsumersonaninstallmentplanisoneofthemajorfactorsin（10）thehighstandardoflivingpossible.They（11）thatinstallmentsellingincreasestheconsumptionofgoods,whichin（12）increaseproductionandthustendstolowercosts.

However,governmentofficials,andbusinessmenexpress（13）aboutexcessivepurchasingontheinstallmentplan.Ifmanypeopleontheinstallmentplan（14）theirjobs,theywouldprobablynotbeabletomaketheirpayments.Thereispossibility（15）businessmencannotcollecttheirdebtsandwillthereforelosemoney.Ifbusinessmenlosemoneyorfailtomakea（16）profit,thepossibilitiesofhavinga（17）areincreased.Thisis（18）,insomecountri