北京市西城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市西城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试题第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.听力理解（略）Ⅱ.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It’sagiftmorethan50yearsinthemaking.In1972,BarbaraRieco____1____aheartfeltchildren’sbook.Itwasbasedonatruestory—alittleboyshehadmetwhileshewasateenagerlivinginAppalachiabriefly.ItwasBarbara’sfirstencounterwithpoverty(贫困).Shecamefromamiddle-classfamily.Shegottoseeanothersideoflifethatshe’dheardof,butneverseen.It____2____herandhadalastinginfluenceonherlife.____3____herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,leadinghertoeventually____4____herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.Littledidsheknowthat,manyyearslater,hergrandsonwouldturnthosedreamsintoreality.ChadCooper,adesignandproductionprofessionalbasedinNewYorkCity,decidedtogivehisgrandmothertheperfectChristmasgift—the____5____ofhertreasuredbook.Visitingherfortheholidays,he____6____tookheroriginalmanuscript,alongwiththeillustrationsshehadanartistdrawyearsago,andturnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook.OnChristmasmorning,asBarbara____7____thecarefullywrappedgift,shewasovercomewithemotion.Themoment,____8____byChad,quicklybecamepopularwithviewers,andthevideowentviralonline.“Thisisprobablythenicestthinganyone’severdoneformeinmyentirelife,”Barbarasaysinthevideo.Chad’s____9____actdidn’tjustendwiththesurprise.Healsoincludeda(n)_____10_____tothebookonAmazon,makingitaccessibletothepublic.The_____11_____wasnothingshortofamiracle(奇迹)—withindays,Barbara’s_____12_____bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist.Astheworld_____13_____thisunexpectedChristmasmiracle,BarbaraRieco’sbook,now_____14_____byanewgenerationofreaders,continuestospreadjoyandinspiration,provingthatsometimesthemostextraordinary_____15_____aretheonesweneverknewweneeded.1.A.edited B.adapted C.penned D.translated2.A.worried B.touched C.supported D.challenged3.A.Despite B.Through C.Without D.For4.A.takeon B.liveupto C.holdonto D.setaside5.A.promotion B.revision C.publication D.recommendation6.A.curiously B.secretly C.calmly D.shyly7.A.bought B.held C.opened D.showed8.A.photographed B.filmed C.written D.described9.A.respectful B.faithful C.thankful D.thoughtful10.A.link B.introduction C.approach D.guide11.A.comment B.impression C.response D.prediction12.A.once-forgotten B.badly-needed C.well-known D.fully-prepared13.A.accepts B.presents C.ignores D.celebrates14.A.sold B.donated C.rated D.loved15.A.videos B.gifts C.belongings D.materials〖答案〗1.C2.B3.A4.D5.C6.B7.C8.B9.D10.A11.C12.A13.D14.D15.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了孙子帮助祖母实现长期未实现的成为出版社作家的梦想。【1题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1972年，芭芭拉·里科写了一本感人的儿童读物。A.edited编辑；B.adapted改编；C.penned写；D.translated翻译。根据下文“themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers”手稿遭到出版社多次拒绝，可知此处是写了一本书。故选C。【2题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这打动了她，并对她的生活产生了持久的影响。A.worried担心；B.touched感动；C.supported支持；D.challenged挑战。根据上文“Shegottoseeanothersideoflifethatshe’dheardof,butneverseen.”以及“hadalastinginfluenceonherlife”可知，她从书中看到了她听说过但从未见过的生活的另一面，所以是感动了她。故选B。【3题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管她尽了最大的努力，但手稿还是遭到了出版商的多次拒绝，最终导致她放弃了成为一名出版作家的梦想。A.Despite虽然，尽管；B.Through通过；C.Without没有；D.For为了。根据后文“themanuscriptfacedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers”可知，虽然她尽了最大的努力，她的手稿被出版社拒绝了。故选A。【4题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管她尽了最大的努力，但手稿还是遭到了出版商的多次拒绝，最终导致她放弃了成为一名出版作家的梦想。A.takeon开始承担；B.liveupto达到，实现；C.holdonto坚持；D.setaside把……放置一旁。根据上文“________herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,”可知，虽然她尽了最大努力，最终遭到出版社的拒绝，所以此处指的是她把成为一名出版社作家的梦想放置一边。故选D。【5题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：查德·库珀是纽约市的一名设计和制作专业人士，他决定给他的祖母一份完美的圣诞礼物——出版她珍贵的书。A.promotion提升；B.revision复习，修改；C.publication出版；D.recommendation推荐。根据上文“herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.”以及“turnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook”可知，他的祖母最终放弃了成为一名出版社作家的梦想，此处指的是他把她的珍贵的书出版。故选C。【6题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：假期去看望她时，他偷偷拿走了她的原稿，还有她几年前请一位艺术家画的插图，把它们变成了一本印刷精美的书。A.curiously好奇地；B.secretly秘密地；C.calmly镇静地；D.shyly害羞地。根据下文“Chad’s________actdidn’tjustendwiththesurprise.”可知，他给奶奶带来的不仅仅是惊喜，所以这里指的是秘密地拿走了她的原稿。故选B。【7题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：圣诞节的早晨，当芭芭拉打开精心包装的礼物时，她激动不已。A.bought卖；B.held举行；C.opened打开；D.showed展示。根据空格后“thecarefullywrappedgift”可知，此处是打开精心包装的礼物。故选C。【8题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：查德拍摄的这一时刻迅速受到观众的欢迎，视频在网上疯传。A.photographed拍照；B.filmed拍摄；C.written写；D.described描述。根据后文“andthevideowentviralonline.”视频在网上疯传，可知，查德拍下了这一时刻。故选B。【9题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：查德的体贴举动不仅以惊喜结束。A.respectful尊敬的；B.faithful真诚的；C.thankful感激的；D.thoughtful考虑周到的，体贴的。根据上文“Visitingherfortheholidays,he________tookheroriginalmanuscript,alongwiththeillustrationsshehadanartistdrawyearsago,andturnedthemintoabeautifullyprintedbook.”他偷偷地把奶奶的书出版，可知此处指的体贴的举动。故选D。【10题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还在亚马逊上提供了这本书的链接，让公众可以阅读。A.link链接；B.introduction介绍；C.approach方法；D.guide指导。根据空格后“thebookonAmazon”以及“makingitaccessibletothepublic”使得公众可以阅读，可知，此处指的是把书的链接放在亚马逊上。故选A。【11题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们的反应简直是一个奇迹——几天之内，芭芭拉这本曾经被遗忘的书就蹿到了畅销书排行榜的首位。A.comment评论；B.impression印象；C.response回应，反应；D.prediction预测。根据后文“Barbara’s________bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist”可知，她的书达到了畅销书排行榜的首位，所以是人们的反应。故选C。【12题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们的反应简直是一个奇迹——几天之内，芭芭拉这本曾经被遗忘的书就蹿到了畅销书排行榜的首位。A.once-forgotten曾经被遗忘的；B.badly-needed急需的；C.well-known著名的；D.fully-prepared充分准备的。根据前文“________herbestefforts,themanuscript(手稿)facedrepeatedrefusalfrompublishers,leadinghertoeventually________herdreamsofbecomingapublishedauthor.”可知，他奶奶的书曾经被出版社拒绝，奶奶放弃了成为出版社作家的梦想，所以这里指的是曾经被遗忘的书。故选A。【13题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A.accepts接受；B.presents展示；C.ignores忽视；D.celebrates庆祝。根据空后“thisunexpectedChristmasmiracle”可知，此处指的是庆祝圣诞节的这一奇迹。故选D。【14题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A.sold出售；B.donated捐赠；C.rated评估；D.loved喜爱。根据前文“Barbara’s________bookskyrocketedtothetopofthebestsellerlist”以及空后“continuestospreadjoyandinspiration”可知，芭芭拉的书位畅销书榜首，继续传播欢乐和灵感，故此处这是她的书受到新一代读者的喜爱。故选D。【15题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A.videos视频；B.gifts礼物；C.belongings所有物；D.materials材料。根据第四段中“decidedtogivehisgrandmothertheperfectChristmasgift”可知，此处指的是最不寻常的礼物。故选B。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourBestCityWalksintheUSWisdomTreeHikeinLosAngelesThisisprobablythemostpopularcitywalkinLA—ajourneytotheonlytreetosurvivethe2007Barhamfire.TheWisdomTreeisatthetopofBurbankPeak,whichgivesyougreatviewsalloverLosAngeles.Thewalk:HeadupWonderViewDrivefromLakeHollywoodDrive,andyouwillreachagateattheendofthepavedarea.Afteryoupassthrough,you’llgettoawide-openareaandthetrailtotheWisdomTreeistoyourright.SoHo/TriBeCaWalkingTourinNewYorkCityHeadingdowntoSoHoandTriBeCawillgiveyouthefeelingofbeinginanothercitywithinNYC.Thesmallsidestreetshideinterestingbuildingsanduniqueshops,aswellashistoricspots.Thewalk:HeadsouthfromtheBroadway-LafayetteStreetsubwaystation,andgetlostamongtheartgalleries,withafirstsweetstopattheMuseumofIceCream.Next,explorethePrinceStreetshops,thenheadeasttoGreeneStreet.Here,youcanfindsomeofthefinestexamplesofcast-ironarchitectureinthecity.TheBoardwalkTrailinAustinInAustin,you’llbecharmedbyart.TheBoardwalkTrailaimstobuilda7,250-footwalkwayfilledwithworksofartandfantasticviewsofthecity.Don’tmissthe36bronzebeltsdesignedbyartistKenLittle,withcountrymusicsonglyricswrittenoneach.Thewalk:YoucanaccesstheBoardwalkTrailfromseveralpoints.Thefulltrailis10mileslong,whereyoucanenjoythepeacefulwatersideviewsandtheskylineofAustinatsunset.ArtWalkinDenverDenverisagreatdestinationinitself,withlotsofculturalattractions,livemusicandexcellentrestaurants.Thecity’sArtDistrictonSantaFe(ADSF)hasadelightful2.7-milepaththatleadsyoutoartgalleriesandexcellentfoodanddrinkstops.Thewalk:FromthecharmingVictorianhousewhereyoucanadmiretheviolinsandguitarshandcraftedbyartists,makeyourwaynorthtotheSunkenGardens,thenthestreetsbusywithartgalleriesandshops.EveryfirstFridayofthemonth,theADSFputsonanorganizedArtWalkonSantaFeDrive.Artlovershaveanopportunitytoconnectandsharetheexperienceofimmersing(使沉浸)themselvesinDenver’sartscene.16.Whichcitywalkcanofferabird’seyeviewofacity?A.ArtWalkinDenver.B.TheBoardwalkTrailinAustin.C.WisdomTreeHikeinLosAngeles.D.SoHo/TriBeCaWalkingTourinNewYorkCity.17.WhatdothecitywalksinAustinandDenverhaveincommon?A.Visitorscanenjoylivemusic.B.Visitorscanappreciateartworks.C.Visitorscanenjoypeacefulwatersideviews.D.Visitorscanappreciatehand-mademusicalinstruments.18.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Atouristbrochure. B.Anartreview.C.Anenvironmentaljournal. D.Ageographytextbook.〖答案〗16.C17.B18.A【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，文章主要讲的是美国最好的四个城市步道。【16题详析】细节理解题。根据文章WisdomTreeHikeinLosAngeles部分“TheWisdomTreeisatthetopofBurbankPeak,whichgivesyougreatviewsalloverLosAngeles.(WisdomTree位于伯班克山顶，在那里你可以看到整个洛杉矶的美景。)”可知，洛杉矶的WisdomTreeHike可以看到一个城市的全景。故选C项。【17题详析】细节理解题。根据文章TheBoardwalkTrailinAustin部分的“InAustin,you’llbecharmedbyart.(在奥斯汀，你会被艺术所吸引。)”以及ArtWalkinDenver部分的“Denverisagreatdestinationinitself,withlotsofculturalattractions,livemusicandexcellentrestaurants.Thecity’sArtDistrictonSantaFe(ADSF)hasadelightful2.7-milepaththatleadsyoutoartgalleriesandexcellentfoodanddrinkstops.(丹佛本身就是一个伟大的目的地，有许多文化景点，现场音乐和一流的餐馆。这座城市的圣达菲艺术区(ADSF)有一条令人愉快的2.7英里小路，可以通往艺术画廊和美味的美食和饮料站。)”可知，AustinandDenver的共同之处在于在这两个地方的游客可以欣赏艺术作品。故选B项。【18题详析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“FourBestCityWalksintheUS(美国最好的四个城市步道)”以及全文内容可知文章主要介绍了美国最好的四个城市步道，所以最有可能出自旅游手册。故选A项。BThefirsttimeTerryattendedameetingoftheTahquamenonSportsmen’sClub,theymadehimvicepresident—andhewasn’tevenamember.Byhissecondvisit,thefewmembersleftinthedyingorganizationhadputhiminchargeofthewholething.Theclubbeganinthe1920s.Backthen,huntingandfishingwerepastimesinruralareas.Theculture,however,isdifferentnow.WhenTerrytookoverthecentury-oldclub,itwasonitslastlegs.Onlyacoupledozenmembersremained,andmostwereolderthanitsnew68-year-oldpresident.Theywerenolongerdoingthethingsthey’dbeenknownfor.Worstofall,theirfamousfishingtacklepartyhadbeencanceledtwice,oncejustbecausetheysimplydidn’thaveenoughmemberstopullitoff.Hewantedtopushhardtokeeptheorganizationgoing,becauseitisoneofthethingsthatmakeuptheheartandsoulofNewberry.Hehadtolookfornewmembers.Heneededtobroadentheclub’sofferingstoattractyoungerpeople.Morethananythingelse,hehadtomakesurethetacklepartyforkidstookplaceonceagain.Littlebylittle,Terry’seffortsworked.Peoplebeganaskingaboutmemberships.Somesentcontributions.Othersofferedtheirtime.Alocalcompanydonatednewsidingfortheclubhouse.Someoneelsesaidtheywouldputanewroofonit.Someonecameandmowedthelawn(草坪)whenitgotlonginthesummer.Othersclearedthesnowinthewinter.Allovertown,peopleandbusinessespromisedtohelptheclubsurviveandsucceed.OnthedayoftheannualKidsTackleParty,hundredsofkidsandtheirfamiliesappeared.Terrystartedtheeventwithaspeech.Alocalfishingexpertgavetipsonhowtocatchfish.Then,oneatatime,eachofthe245kidswascalledbyname,andeveryoneofthemgotafishingpoleandatacklebox.Ittookmorethanthreehourstogetthrougheveryonewhoshowedup.Itwasabigevent,onethatcameclosetodying,butwasfinallyback.Terryfoughttokeeptheclubandpartyforkids,alongtimetraditionintheNewberrycommunity,going.Traditionsaredyingthesedays,buthewasabletogetpeopletoholdontothisone.19.WhenTerrytookovertheclub,________.A.hewastheyoungestmember B.huntingwasapopularpastimeC.thecultureoftheclubremained D.theclubwasstrugglingtosurvive20.Tokeeptheorganizationgoing,whatdidTerryputatthetopofhisto-dolist?A.Broadeningpeople’smindsinNewberry.B.Searchingforhelpfromhisneighborhood.C.Ensuringthereturnofthetacklepartyforkids.D.Offeringappealingactivitiestoattractnewmembers.21.Whatdidthetownspeopledotohelptheclub?A.Theygrewgrass. B.Theyremovedthesnow.C.Theydonatedfishingpoles. D.Theyfixedtheclubhouseroof.22.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Interestdoesnotlie. B.Thediscoveryoftraditionmatters.C.Sometimeshardworkdoesn’tpayoff. D.Aheroshowsupduringchallengingtimes.〖答案〗19.D20.C21.B22.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是Terry接管了一个濒临灭亡的俱乐部，经过努力让它重新恢复生机的故事。【19题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Byhissecondvisit,thefewmembersleftinthedyingorganizationhadputhiminchargeofthewholething.(到他第二次去的时候，这个垂死的组织里剩下的几个成员已经让他掌管了整个组织。)”以及文章第二段“WhenTerrytookoverthecentury-oldclub,itwasonitslastlegs.(Terry接手这家百年俱乐部时，它已奄奄一息。)”可知，当Terry接管俱乐部时，俱乐部正在为生存而挣扎。故选D项。【20题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Morethananythingelse,hehadtomakesurethetacklepartyforkidstookplaceonceagain.(最重要的是，他必须确保孩子们的钓鱼派对再次举行。)”可知，为了保证俱乐部的运转，Terry把确保孩子们的钓鱼派对的回归放在了他待办事项清单的首位。故选C项。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Someonecameandmowedthelawn(草坪)whenitgotlonginthesummer.Othersclearedthesnowinthewinter.(当草在夏天变长时有人来修剪草坪，其他人则在冬天清理积雪。)”可知，为了帮助俱乐部，镇上的人帮助俱乐部清除积雪。故选B项。【22题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Terryfoughttokeeptheclubandpartyforkids,alongtimetraditionintheNewberrycommunity,going.Traditionsaredyingthesedays,buthewasabletogetpeopletoholdontothisone.(Terry努力让俱乐部和孩子们的聚会继续下去，这是纽伯里社区的一个长期传统。如今，传统正在消亡，但他能让人们坚持下去。)”以及文章其他段落的内容可知，文章主要讲的是Terry拯救了濒临灭亡的钓鱼派对，所以从故事中我们可以得出，英雄总是出现在挑战性的时期。故选D项。CInthe1970s,agorilla(大猩猩)knownasKokobecameworld-famouswhenscientiststaughthertousehumansignlanguagetocommunicatewithpeople.Therewerenumerousattemptsinthemid-1900stoteachhumanlanguagetononhumans,suchasKoko.Butwhatweshouldhavebeenthinkingaboutwastheirabilitiestoengageincomplexcommunicationontheirowntermsinsteadoftryingtoteachananimaltotalktousinhumanlanguage.Todayscientistsaretryingtofigureouthowlivingthingsalreadyshareinformationusingtheirparticularmethods.Thisnewfieldofstudyisknownasdigitalbioacoustics,anditinvolvesusingtoolstounderstandtheproductionofsoundsandtheireffectsonlivingthings.Scientistsinthisfieldareusingsensors,whicharedevicesthatpickupandrecordinformationonphysicalorchemicalconditions.Somearealsousingartificialintelligence(AI)technology,anapproachthatusesalgorithms(算法).ThesamealgorithmsthatweuseintoolssuchasGoogleTranslatetotranslatedocumentscanalsobeusedtofindpatternsinnonhumancommunication.JeremyofTelAvivUniversitystudiednearlytwodozenEgyptianfruitbatsfortwoandahalfmonthsandrecordedtheirvocalizations.Histeamadaptedavoice-recognitionprogramtostudy15,000ofthesounds.Thealgorithmmatchedspecificsoundswithspecificthingsthebatsweredoing.Usingthisprogram,theresearcherswereabletoclassifymostofthebats’sounds.Jeremyandotherresearchershavefoundthatbatshaveamuchmorecomplexlanguagethanwepreviouslyunderstood.Batsargueoverfood;theydistinguish(区分)betweengenderswhentheycommunicatewithoneanotherandtheyhaveindividualnames,or“signaturecalls”.That’sagreatexampleofhowAIisabletofindthesepatternsfrominformationgatheredbysensorsandmicrophones.AIrevealsthingsthatwecan’thearwithourhumanearsalonebecausemostbatcommunicationhappensaboveourhearingrange,andbecausebatsspeakmuchfasterthanwedo,wehavetoslowitdowntolistentoit.Sowecannotlistenlikeabat,butourcomputerscan.Andourcomputerscanalsospeakbacktothebatbyproducingspecificpatterns.Digitalbioacousticsislikeanamazinghearingaid.Itletsuslistentoanimalswithbothourdigitallyenhanced(增强的)earsandourimagination.Thisisslowlyopeningourmindsnotonlytothewonderfulsoundsthatnonhumansmake,buttoafundamentalsetofquestionsabouttheso-calleddividebetweenhumansandnonhumans,aswellasourconnectiontootherspecies.It’salsoopeningupnewwaystothinkaboutprotectinglivingthingsandourrelationshipwiththeplanet.It’sprettymeaningful.23.Regardingscientists’effortstoteachanimalshumanlanguage,theauthorfeels________.A.negative B.unconcerned C.uncertain D.supportive24.Scientistsindigitalbioacousticsaretryingtostudy________.A.howanimalsusedifferenttoolstoshareinformationB.howanimalsareaffectedbytheproductionofsoundsC.howanimalsaretaughttotalkinhumansignlanguageD.howanimalscommunicatewithoneanotherusingsounds25.WhatcanwelearnaboutAIappliedindigitalbioacoustics?A.Itpairscertainanimals’soundswiththeirbehaviors.B.Itslowsdownanimals’soundswithinhumans’hearingrange.C.Itadaptsvoice-recognitionprogramstoanalyzeanimals’sounds.D.Ittranslatesspecificnonhumansoundpatternsintohumanlanguage.26.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A.animalscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheirsoundpatternsB.scientistsneedtokeepstudyinghowanimalsproducesoundsC.digitalbioacousticsmayinspirehumanstorethinktheirrelationshipwithanimalsD.thefocusofdigitalbioacousticsshouldbethedividebetweenhumansandnonhumans〖答案〗23.A24.D25.A26.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是科学家们正试图弄清楚生物是如何用它们独特的方法共享信息的。这个新的研究领域被称为数字生物声学，它不仅让我们听到了非人类发出的美妙声音，而且让我们看到了一系列关于所谓的人类和非人类之间的鸿沟的基本问题，以及我们与其他物种的联系。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Butwhatweshouldhavebeenthinkingaboutwastheirabilitiestoengageincomplexcommunicationontheirowntermsinsteadoftryingtoteachananimaltotalktousinhumanlanguage.(但我们应该考虑的是它们用自己的方式进行复杂交流的能力，而不是试图教会动物用人类的语言与我们交谈。)”可知作者认为我们应该考虑让动物用它们自己的方式进行复杂交流，而不是试图教会动物用人类的语言与我们交谈，所以作者对于科学家教动物人类语言的努力的态度是消极的。故选A项。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Todayscientistsaretryingtofigureouthowlivingthingsalreadyshareinformationusingtheirparticularmethods..(今天，科学家们正试图弄清楚生物是如何用它们独特的方法共享信息的。)”可知数字生物声学的科学家们正试图研究动物是如何利用它们独特的方法即声音相互交流的。故选D项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Thealgorithmmatchedspecificsoundswithspecificthingsthebatsweredoing.Usingthisprogram,theresearcherswereabletoclassifymostofthebats’sounds.(该算法将特定的声音与蝙蝠正在做的特定事情相匹配。利用这个程序，研究人员能够对大多数蝙蝠的声音进行分类。)”可知应用于数字生物声学的人工智能将某些动物的声音与它们的行为配对。故选A项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’salsoopeningupnewwaystothinkaboutprotectinglivingthingsandourrelationshipwiththeplanet.It’sprettymeaningful.(它也开辟了新的方式来思考保护生物和我们与地球的关系。这很有意义。)”可知作者认为数字生物声学可能会激发人类重新思考他们与动物的关系。故选C项。DMostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.Andwhenwedotrytothinkbacktoourearliestmemories,it’softenunclearwhethertheyaretherealthingorjustrecollectionsbasedonphotosorstoriestoldtousbyothers.Thephenomenon(现象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.Atfirstglance,itmayseemthatthereasonwedon’trememberbeingbabiesisthatbabiesdon’thaveafullydevelopedmemory.Butbabiesasyoungassixmonthscanformbothshort-termmemoriesthatlastforminutesandlong-termmemoriesthatlastweeks.Inonestudy,six-month-oldswholearnedhowtopressabuttontooperateatoytrainrememberedhowtoperformthisactionfortwotothreeweeksaftertheyhadlastseenthetoy.Preschoolerscanremembereventsthatgoyearsback.Ofcourse,memorycapabilitiesattheseagesarenotadult-like.Infact,developmentalchangesinbasicmemoryprocesseshavebeenputforwardasanexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.Thesebasicprocessesinvolveseveralbrainregionsandincludeforming,maintainingandthenlaterretrieving(检索)thememory.Forexample,thehippocampus,thoughttoberesponsibleforformingmemories,continuesdevelopinguntiltheageofseven.Thetypicalboundaryfortheoffsetofchildhoodamnesia—threeandahalfyears—changeswithage.Childrenandteenagershaveearliermemoriesthanadultsdo.Thissuggeststhattheproblemmaybelesswithformingmemoriesthanwithmaintainingthem.Butthisdoesnotseemtobethewholestory;languagealsoplaysarole.Fromtheagesofonetosix,childrenprogressfromtheone-wordstageofspeakingtobecomingfluentintheirnativelanguage(s),sotherearemajorchangesintheirverbal(言语的)abilitythatoverlapwiththechildhoodamnesiaperiod.Thisincludesusingthepasttense,andmemory-relatedwordssuchas“remember”and“forget”.It’struetosomeextentthatachild’sabilitytoverbalizeaboutaneventatthetimethatithappenedpredictshowwelltheyrememberitmonthsoryearslater.Onelabgroupconductedthisworkbyinterviewingyoungchildrenbroughttoaccidentandemergencydepartmentsforcommonchildhoodinjuries.Thoseover26months,whocouldverbalizeabouttheeventatthetime,recalled(回忆起)ituptofiveyearslater,whilethoseunder26months,whocouldnottalkaboutit,recalledlittleornothing.Evenifwecan’tclearlyrememberspecificeventsfromwhenwewereveryyoung,theiraccumulation,however,leaveslastingtracksthatinfluenceourbehavior.Thefirstfewyearsoflifeareforgettableandyetpowerfulinshapingtheadultsthatwebecome.27.Accordingtothepassage,childhoodamnesiarefersto________.A.inabilitytorecallearlychildhoodexperiences B.difficultychildrenhaveformingmemoriesC.concernaboutthetruthofearlymemories D.lossofmemoryabilitiesinthechildhood28.Whatdothewords“overlapwith”underlinedinParagraph4probablymean?A.Havealotincommonwith. B.Happenatthesametimeas.C.Playanimportantrolein. D.Arecloselyrelatedto.29.WhatmaytheresultsoftheinterviewmentionedinParagraph5suggest?A.Childrenstarttoformlong-termmemoriesat26months.B.Children’sabilitytorecallspecificeventsincreaseswithage.C.Preverbalmemoriesmaybelostiftheyarenottranslatedintolanguage.D.Injuriesprobablyinfluencehowwellchildrenverbalizeaboutevents.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Childhoodamnesia:HowmemoryworksinkidsB.Thebrainandmemory:HowmemoriesareformedC.Verbalability:WhyitmattersinthememoryprocessD.Theforgottenchildhood:Whyearlymemoriesdisappear〖答案〗27.A28.B29.C30.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“童年失忆症”这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及相关研究。【27题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Mostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.Andwhenwedotrytothinkbacktoourearliestmemories,it’softenunclearwhethertheyaretherealthingorjustrecollectionsbasedonphotosorstoriestoldtousbyothers.Thephenomenon(现象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.(我们大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆。当我们试图回想起我们最早的记忆时，往往不清楚它们是真实的，还是仅仅是基于照片或别人告诉我们的故事的回忆。这种现象被称为“童年失忆症”，一个多世纪以来一直困扰着心理学家，我们仍然没有完全理解它)”可知，童年健忘症是指无法回忆起童年早期的经历。故选A。【28题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Mostofusdon’thaveanymemoriesfromthefirstthreetofouryearsofourlives.(我们大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆)”以及划线词上文“Fromtheagesofonetosix,childrenprogressfromtheone-wordstageofspeakingtobecomingfluentintheirnativelanguage(s),sotherearemajorchangesintheirverbal(言语的)abilitythat”可知，大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆，这时因为从1岁到6岁，孩子们从一个单词的说话阶段发展到流利地说母语，所以他们的语言能力发生了重大变化，与儿童失忆症时期同时发生。故划线词意思是“与……同时发生”。故选B。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thoseover26months,whocouldverbalizeabouttheeventatthetime,recalled(回忆起)ituptofiveyearslater,whilethoseunder26months,whocouldnottalkaboutit,recalledlittleornothing.(超过26个月的婴儿当时可以用语言描述这件事，五年后他们还能回忆起这件事，而26个月以下的婴儿不能谈论这件事，几乎什么也记不起来)”可知，访谈结果可能表明如果不将言语前的记忆翻译成语言，可能会丢失。故选C。【30题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thephenomenon(现象),knownas“childhoodamnesia”,hasbeenpuzzlingpsychologistsformorethanacentury—andwestilldon’tfullyunderstandit.(这种现象被称为“童年失忆症”，一个多世纪以来一直困扰着心理学家，我们仍然没有完全理解它)”结合文章主要介绍了“童年失忆症”这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及相关研究。可知，D选项“被遗忘的童年：为什么早期记忆会消失”最符合文章标题。故选D。第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。observeharmlikelyindependencesurvivorpromisenormal31.Theworkersarebuildingsheltersforthousandsofearthquake_____________.32._____________,ittakesthreeorfouryearstocompletetheoperacourse.33.Hewasvotedthemost_____________newactorforhisremarkableperformanceinthemovie.34.Althoughhesometimesspeaksverydirectly,hisintentionsare_____________—hejustwantstohelpothers.35.A(n)_____________organizationisonethatcontrolsitsownoperation.36.Thetwosidesare_____________toreachanagreement,becauseneitherofthemiswillingtogivein.37.The_____________oftheuniversemakesusrealizehowsmallandinsignificantweare.〖答案〗31.survivors32.Normally33.promising34.harmless35.independent36.unlikely37.observation【31题详析】考查名词。句意：工人们正在为成千上万的地震幸存者建造避难所。根据空格前“建造避难所”可知，此处指的是地震幸存者，survivor意为“幸存者”；空格前有“thousandsof”所以要用复数。故填survivors。【32题详析】考查副词。句意：通常，完成歌剧课程需要三到四年的时间。空格处位于句子的开头，修饰后面的句子，所以需要填入副词；空格后“完成歌剧课程需要三到四年的时间”为一个通常的情况；normally为normal的副词，意为“通常”。故填Normally。【33题详析】考查形容词。句意：由于他在电影中的出色表现，他被选为最有前途的新演员。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，因此需要填入形容词；根据空格后“他在电影中的出色表现”可知，此处说明他是有前途的演员；promising意为“有前途的”，为promise的形容词。故填promising。【34题详析】考查形容词。句意：虽然他有时说话很直接，但他的意图是无害的——他只是想帮助别人。空格处位于be动词之后，因此需要填入形容词；根据空格后“他只是想帮助别人”可知，他的意图是好的，没有坏处的；harmless意为“无害的”为harm的形容词。故填harmless。【35题详析】考查形容词。句意：独立组织是指控制自身运作的组织。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据空格后的“控制自身运作的组织”可知，此处指的是独立的组织；independent意为“独立的”，为independence的形容词。故填independent。【36题详析】考查副词。句意：双方不太可能达成协议，因为双方都不愿让步。空格处位于动词之前，修饰动词，因此需要填入副词；根据后文“因为双方都不愿让步”，可知，此处指的是不可能达成协议。unlikely意为“不可能地”，为likely的反义词。故填unlikely。【37题详析】考查名词。句意：对宇宙的观察让我们意识到我们是多么的渺小和微不足道。空格处为句子的主语且位于冠词之后，所以需要填入名词；根据空格后“让我们意识到我们是多么的渺小和微不足道”以及“宇宙”可知，此处指的是“对宇宙的观察”。observation意为“观察”，为observe的名词，此处特指对宇宙的观察。故填observation。Ⅱ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）在未给〖提示〗词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。38.Ilikebigparties_____________youcandance,havefunandmeetnewpeople.(用适当的词填空)〖答案〗wh