考研考博-英语-忻州师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-忻州师范学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow（）.

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

问题1选项

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.t

D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.t

问题2选项

A.Reasonable.t

B.Fake.t

C.Limitless.t

D.Inconsistent.t

问题3选项

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistst

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposet

C.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriest

D.howoneman’smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofsciencet

问题4选项

A.haveliveduptotheirpromisest

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaost

C.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalt

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsort

问题5选项

A.Exxon’sinvolvementinscientificscandalst

B.Exxon’scontributionstotheissueofclimatechanget

C.Exxon’sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingt

D.Exxon’seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节判断题。题干意思是“以下哪项是这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时没有做过的？”。文章的第三段提到Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.（这些组织在气候变化问题上的立场是一致的：科学是矛盾的，科学家是分裂的，环保主义者是骗子或疯子，如果政府采取行动阻止全球变暖，他们将在没有充分理由的情况下危害全球经济），由此可知A项“破坏环保主义者的声誉”、B项“强调科学家之间缺乏共识”和C项“强调对全球经济的不必要伤害”都属于这些组织在确定其对气候变化的立场时的说辞，只有D项“保护科学发现不被滥用”没有提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第2题:语义推测题。题干意思是“下列哪项在意思上最接近第四段的‘bogus’？”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.（这并不是说这些团体支持的所有科学都是bogus）可知，这句话是上文的承接句，上文最后一句话指出Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.（这些商业组织不喜欢的研究结果被贴上了“垃圾科学”的标签，他们欢迎的发现被贴上了“可靠科学”的标签），后文又提到Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.（总的来说，他们使用的是选择，而不是发明），由此可推测并不是这些组织支持的所有的科学都是假的，故B项“虚假的”符合题意。A项“合理的”、C项“无限制的”和D项“不一致的”都不与bogus的含义相近。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第3题:细节判断题。题干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是为了表示……”。根据题干定位到文章第四段，第二句和第三句指出Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.（总的来说，他们使用的是选择，而不是发明；他们会发现一个相互矛盾的研究，比如对流层冷却的发现，并坚持不懈地挖掘它），由此推断，后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是为了说明这些组织出于自己的目的选择科学研究课题，故B项“这些组织如何为他们自己的目的选择科学发现”符合题意。A项“这些组织与科学家的合作有多密切”，内容不符合原文；C项“正确的数据对于科学家做出可靠的发现是多么重要”和D项“一个人的错误可能会阻碍科学的进步”文章没有提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“由埃克森赞助的组织……”。文章最后一句话提到Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.（在本应举行紧急国际谈判的七八年关键时期，通过主导媒体有关气候变化的辩论，通过不断播撒对科学的怀疑，就像它应该是最有说服力的一样，他们已经证明了赞助商在他们身上花费的金钱是合理的），由此可推断，埃克森赞助的组织最终还是兑现了他们的承诺，和公司在应对气候变化问题上处于一致的立场，故A项“履行了他们诺言”符合题意。B项“几乎引起了世界范围的混乱”和D项“误解了主办者的要求”没有提到；C项“没有达到他们原来的目标”，内容与原文不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章主要关于……”。本文主要讲在应对全球变暖等环境问题上，大公司埃克森所做的一切措施来维护自身经济利益。文章第一段提到Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?（多年来，一个由公民团体和科学机构组成的网络一直声称全球变暖的科学是不确定的，但是谁资助的呢？）和文章最后一段提到WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates…（虽然他们这一招在美国是最有效的……），由此可以推断，埃克森美孚公司在解决全球变暖的问题上发挥了作用，故C项“埃克森在拖延全球变暖解决方案方面的作用”符合题意。A项“埃克森卷入科学丑闻”和D项“埃克森推动更多科学发现的努力”文中没有提到；B项“埃克森对气候变化问题的贡献”，文章第二段指出Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.（为了保护自己的利润，埃克森美孚需要散播怀疑，是否需要对气候变化采取严格的行动），由此可知，埃克森美孚为了保护自己的利益，而散播谣言阻止气候变化措施的实行，B项错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,oftheindividualsof-asingle-species.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcompriseourmindare（）.

2.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）

3.Abouthimself,theauthorstatesthat（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthortheabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.

问题1选项

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

问题2选项

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

问题3选项

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherswassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseof,thegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmorethanaverageinanyway

问题4选项

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

问题5选项

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干及选项可定位到第二段"Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen."事实上，我常常希望我的思维能像别人一样敏捷，我的想象力能像别人一样精确而鲜明，我的记忆力能像别人一样丰富而迅速。据此可知memory,imagination和thought是构成思维的三大因素。故D项正确。

2.主旨大意题。由第一段"Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready."良好的判断力是世界上最公平分配的东西，因为每个人都认为自己拥有良好的判断力，即使是那些在其他方面最难满足的人，通常也不希望自己拥有更多的判断力。可知第一段主要讲述了世界上的每个人的判断力都是平等的。A项“所有人在出生时都享有同等的善意”与原文不符；B项“伟大的灵魂能够做出伟大的坏事”原文没提到；C项“良好的判断力，从它在人群中被分配的情况看，可以被叫做常识。”与第一段的主旨大意相符。D项“良好的判断力是真正的好人的标志”第一段没有提到。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干定位到第二段第一句"Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway."就我而言，我从来没有设想过自己的智力在任何方都比一般人更完美。”可知D项正确。ABC三项均与原文表述相反。

4.细节事实题。由题干定位到第二段"forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts…"因为理性，或者说理智，就其本身而言，使我们成为人，使我们与禽兽区别开来。据此可知使人与禽兽有区别的是理性或理智，故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段"itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,"相反，它表明了正确判断和区分真伪的能力，也就是所谓的良好的感觉或理性，对于所有人来说天生就是平等的。故B项正确。

3.单选题

（）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.

问题1选项

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：虽然他周末很想和朋友们出去，但他不得不留下来完成作业。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，muchas表示尽管很……，因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Wealthynationshavefallenfarbehindontheiraid（

）totheworld’spoor.

问题1选项

A.commitments

B.engagements

C.responsibilities

D.applications

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”。

句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Foryearsnow,thepeopleofthatfarawaycountryhavebeencruelly（）byadictator.

问题1选项

A.depressed

B.immersed

C.oppressed

D.cursed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:多少年来，那个偏僻国度的人民一直遭受着一个独裁者的压迫。

考查动词辨析。四个选项分别为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动,表示“被独裁者…”。depress使沮丧，压抑，使萧条;immerse（in）沉浸，使专心于；oppress压迫;curse诅咒。故C符合句意。

6.单选题

Newresearchsuggestsgossipcouldactuallylower______andhelppeopleovercomethefrustrationofseeingsomeonedoingsomethingwrongandgettingawaywithit.

问题1选项

A.press

B.bless

C.cress

D.stress

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近名词辨析。lower在句中表示动词用法，后面空格处应填名词。press“压；新闻”；bless无名词用法；cress“水芹”；stress“压力”。句意：新的研究表明，流言实际上可能会降低……并帮助人们克服看到有人做错事却没受惩罚的挫败感。因此选项D符合题意。

7.写作题

MiltonMizneroncesaid,“Agoodlistenerisnotonlypopulareverywhere,butafterawhilehegetstoknowsomething.”

Listeningisnotthesimplethingitseemstobe.Listeningisparticipatinginatleastfiveimportantways.Youareagoodlistenerif

1.youcan“see”anideawhenyouhearit.

2.youcandistinguishbetweenessentialpointsanddetails.

3.youcandistinguishbetweenfactsandopinions.

4.youcandistinguishbetweeninformationandpersuasion.

5.andifyoucanthenmakeupyourownmindaboutwhathasbeensaid.

Youaretowriteacompositionof150wordsorsoaboutthepoweroflistening.Youshouldwriteaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Pleasewriteyourcompositionneatlyandclearlyonyouranswersheet.

Topic:ThePowerofListening

Outline

Ievaluateyourlisteningpower

IIjustifytheneedtoimprovelisteningpowereducationally,socially,politically,nationallyandinternationally

IIIdrawanaturalconclusion

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】Listeningisoneofthemostimportantskillsonecanpossess.Asforme,Ilistentoobtaininformation,tounderstandandtolearn.Ipreferreductivelistening,whichhelpsmereduceeverythingdowntowhatisrelevantanddiscardeverythingthat’snotrelevant.ThatmeanswhenIcommunicatewithothers,Iprefertolistenwithpurpose.Icanalwaysgetmyanswerafterconversation.Frommypointofview,thepoweroflisteningisthatyoumakeaconsciousefforttohearnotonlythewordsthatanotherpersonissaying,butmoreimportantly,trytounderstandthecompletemessagebeingsent.Iwillillustratemypointfromfollowingaspects.

Inclass,itissignificantforbothteacherandstudentstoactivelylisten.Listentothequestionsofstudentsmayhelpteacherfindanefficientwaytoimproveteachingskillandlistentothekeyinformationthatteacherdeliveredcouldhelpstudentsgainabundantknowledge.Insociety,listeningisalsoanindispensablewaytopromotemutualunderstandingandtrust.Thetwocountriesenjoyfirmandfriendlyrelationsifactivelisteningisconducted.Forexample,resultfromlisteningtoeachotherandofferingtimelyhelp,ChinaandPakistanenjoytraditionalfriendship.Ontheotherside,AmericafailedtolistentotheappealandsuggestionsofChina,thetradedisputeswouldnevercease.

Inaword,listeningisacrucialskillthatneedstobelearnedandpracticedfromallaspectsofourdailylife.

8.单选题

Manypeopledreadgoingonforeignassignments一sometimesevenbeforethey’vegoneonone.Theyhearstoriesabouthowexhaustinganddisorientingbusinesstravelcanbe.Theyworryaboutgettingsick,gettinglonely,orgettingkilled.They’reafraidtheywon’tbelikedorthattheywon’tsucceed.Butthefactisthatformanypeopleaforeignassignmentcanbetheopportunityandthrillofalifetime.

TheWallStreetJournalreportsthestoryofJohnAliberti,whohadspenthiscareerworkingtobecomeamidlevelmanagerforUnionSwitchinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Alibertiseemedlikeanoddchoiceforanoverseasassignment:Hehadnoexperienceininternationaltravelandbusiness.ButwhenhewaschosentorepresentthecompanyastechnicalexpertandrepresentativeinChina,Alibertirespondedwithenthusiasm:“Backhome,theworkwedo,it’sbeendonefordecades.InChinayou’rebreakingnewground.It’samilestoneinthehistoryoftheworld.”

ByviewinghisChinaassignmentasanexcitingadventure,Alibertilargelybypassedthenegativeeffectsofcultureshock.AccordingtotheWallStreetJournal,“Thecrowdsandchaoticlinesdon’tfazehim.Hebecomesanimatedtellingstoriesoflongtraintripstoout-of-the-waycitieslikeNanchang,whereUnionSwitchishelpingtobuildarailroadyard...”

Aliberti’senthusiasticattitudeandhisactiveinterestinlearningaboutthecultureandbusinesspracticesinChinahavehelpedhimbecomeacentralfigureinhiscompany’sChinaoperations.HisjobinPittsburghistworungsbelowvicepresident.InChina,accordingtohisboss,“HeactslikeapresidentorCEO.That’sgottoturnhimon.”

1.JohnAlibertiseemedHkeanoddchoiceforoverseasassignmentbecause（）.

2.“Alibertilargelybypassedthenegativeeffectsofcultureshock.”“Bypass”（Para.3）means

3.ThefollowingstatementsarecorrectaboutJohnAlibertiexcept（）.

4.ThestoryofJohnAlibertitellsusthat（）.

问题1选项

A.heisthemostexperiencedmemberofthecompany

B.hehasbeentoChinamanytimes

C.hasbeenpromotedtothetop-levelpositionofthecompany

D.hehaslittleexperienceintravelingabroad

问题2选项

A.ignore

B.passaway

C.avoid

D.shortcut

问题3选项

A.heisgoodatsellinghisexperienceoftravelinginChina

B.heistroubledbythecrowdsandconfusedtransportationinChina

C.heisexcitedabouttravelingaroundChina

D.heisbreakingnewgroundforhiscompany

问题4选项

A.cultureshockiseasytodealwith

B.manypeopledreadgoingonbusiness

C.thetransportationofChinaisconfusedtoforeigners

D.youcandealwithcultureshockwellwithanactiveinterestinlearningabouttheculture

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句。选项D符合题意。

2.词汇推断题。根据第三段第一句，句意：阿利伯蒂把他在中国的任务看作是一次激动人心的冒险，在很大程度上避开了文化冲击的负面影响。选项C符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句，他想在中国开拓一个新的领域，这是一个里程碑。但是B选项提及了他的负面情绪，与文章不符。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。文章主要是选取了Aliberti的例子说明了在国外工作和生活也是有趣的，应该积极地去享受。所以鼓励大家去感受这样的文化冲击。选项D符合题意。

9.填空题

Inthepastcastleswerenormallyclassifiedas"militaryengineering"andbanished(1)___thearchitecturalsceneatonce.Today,architectsandengineers(2)___farmorecloselylinked(3)___inthepast;wearethereforereadyto(4)___theidea,becauseacastlewasdesigned(5)___awell-protectedhome(6)___itsoccupants(7)___qualitieswhichwecanrecognize(8)___essentiallyarchitectural.Oncethesite(9)___thecastlehadbeenchosen(10)___formwouldbedictated(11)___thematerialswithwhichit(12)___tobebuiltandthemanyservices(13)___hadtoprovideforthose(14)___itswalls.(15)___itschiefrolewasadefensive(16)___,intimesofpeaceit(17)___beexpectedtoact(18)___thecentreoflocalgovernment,ahall(19)___justiceorperhaps(20)___aprison.

【答案】1.from

2.are

3.than

4.develop

5.as

6.for

7.with

8.as

9.for

10.the

11.by

12.ought

13.which

14.within

15.While

16.building

17.can

18.as

19.of

20.as

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。bebanishedfrom...“放逐；把……从……驱逐、赶出”。结合句意得知正确答案为from。

2.考查时态。根据上文today表示现在时，architectsandengineers为复数，因此填入are。

3.考查固定搭配。由前文farmore+adj.可知此处表示比较级，因此填入than。

4.考查动词。根据下文theidea可知此处大意为：我们会形成一种想法。结合语境，develop最为合适。

5.考查介词。根据上下文可知，此处应该填入介词，并且表示一种方式，因此为as。

6.考查固定搭配。designsth.forsb/sth.“设计；制图；构思”。

7.考查介词。根据上下文可知此处是修饰城堡的特点，with有“有，用……属性的”含义。

8.考查固定搭配。recognize...as...“承认；（正式）认可，接受，辨别”。

9.考查介词。根据上下文可知此处表示“用于……的选址”，for最为合适。

10.考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知此处缺少冠词修饰名词，因此填入the。

11.考查搭配。根据上下文，上文表示被动语态，结合下文，此处应填入by。

12.考查固定搭配。oughtto“应该”。

13.考查定语从句。空格后是动宾搭配，缺少主语，空格前为名词，判断出此处是定语从句，修饰空格前的名词并做主语。

14.考查介词。结合上下文及语境，此处用介词作状语，后文itswall表示地点。within为最佳答案。

15.考查让步状语从句。根据上下文可知，前后文的逻辑关系为：虽然……但是……，因此while最符合。

16.考查名词。根据空格前defensive可知空格处为名词，根据前文谈及城堡，因此此处填入building合适。

17.考查情态动词。根据语境及句意，空格后为系动词的原型be，则空格处填入情态动词合适。

18.考查固定搭配。actas“充当；作为”。

19.考查固定搭配。结合上下文，此处为ahallofjustice“法院”。

20.考查介词。空格前的or表示此处与前文的短语actas并列。

10.单选题

Ahealthydietincludeslotsof______naturalfoodwithplentyofproteinsandvitamins.

问题1选项

A.indigestible

B.wholesome

C.leftover

D.heavy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indigestible“难消化的；难理解的”；B选项wholesome“健全的；有益健康的；合乎卫生的；审慎的”；C选项leftover“剩下的；多余的”；D选项heavy“沉重的；繁重的，巨大的；拥挤的；阴沉的”。句意：健康的饮食包括许多健康的天然食物，含有大量的蛋白质和维生素。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas______inashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.beingcreate

B.havingcreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.creating

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civilization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项havingbeencreated符合题意。因此C选项正确。

12.填空题

bully

democracy

destiny

loyal

renowned

Churchillbelievedthathewas（1）toleadhiscountry.HefoughtasasoldierinWorldWarIandledthecountrytovictoryinWorldWarII.Itseemsironicthataleaderofsuch（2）asChurchillcouldnotcountonthe（3）ofvotersin1945.However,ina（4）country,electorscannotbe（5）,andhehadtotoleratepoliticaldefeataftermilitaryvictory,andoncemoretohiscountryretreat,Chartwell.

【答案】1.destined

2.renown

3.loyalty

4.democratic

5.bullied

【解析】1.句意：丘吉尔相信他注定要领导他的国家。此处应用被动语态，因此填destined。

2.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人。此处应用名词形式，因此填renown。

3.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人却不能指望选民的忠诚。此处应用名词形式，因此填loyalty。

4.句意：在一个民主国家。此处应用形容词形式，因此填democratic。

5.句意：选举人是不能被欺负的。此处应用被动语态，因此填bullied。

13.单选题

Tomakeiteasiertoreturnanypurchases,savetheoriginalpackaging,especiallyforelectronicandhousehold（）.

问题1选项

A.instruments

B.facilities

C.appliances

D.equipment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。instrument“工具，乐器”；facility“设施，设备”；appliance“器具，装置”；equipment“设备，装备”。句意：为了退货方便，需要保留原来的包装，尤其是电子产品和家用电器。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Theincreaseinglobaltrademeansthatinternationalcompaniescannotaffordtomakecostlyadvertisingmistakesiftheywanttobecompetitive.

Understandingthelanguageandcultureoftargetmarketsinforeigncountriesisoneofthekeystosuccessfulinternationalmarketing.Toomanycompanies,however,havejumpedintoforeignmarketswithembarrassingresults.

Translationmistakesareattheheartofmanyblundersininternationaladvertising.

GeneralMotors,theUSautomanufacturer,gotacostlylessonwhenitintroduceditsChevroletNovatothePuertoRicanmarket.“Nova”isLatinfor“new(star)”andmeans“star”inmanylanguages,butinspokenSpanishitcansoundlike“nova”,meaning“itdoesn’tgo”.Fewpeoplewantedtobuyacarwiththatcursedmeaning.WhenGMchangedthenametoCaribe,sales“pickedup”dramatically.

Marketingblundershavealsobeenmadebyfoodandbeveragecompanies.OneAmericanfoodcompany’sfriendly“JollyGreenGiant”(foradvertisingvegetables)becamesomethingquitedifferentwhenitwastranslatedintoArabicas“IntimidatingGreenOgre”.

WhentranslatedintoGerman,Pepsi’spopularslogan,“ComeAlivewithPepsi”cameoutimplying“ComeAlivefromtheGrave”.NowondercustomersinGermanydidn’trushouttobuyPepsi.

Successfulinternationalmarketingdoesn’tstopwithgoodtranslations—otheraspectsofculturemustberesearchedandunderstoodifmarketersaretoavoidblunders.

Whenmarketersdonotunderstandandappreciatethevalues,tastes,geography,climate,superstitions,religion,oreconomyofaculture,theyfailtocapturetheirtargetmarket.

Forexample,anAmericandesignertriedtointroduceanewperfumeintotheLatinAmericanmarketbuttheproductarousedlittleinterest.ThemainreasonwasthatthecamelliausedinitwastraditionallyusedforfuneralsinmanySouthAmericancountries.

Havingawakenedtothespecialnatureofforeignadvertising,companiesarebecomingmuchmoreconscientiousintheirtranslationsandmoresensitivetoculturaldistinctions.

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