考研考博-英语-广西经济职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西经济职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heaskedthecrowdtogatherintheauctionroomtobidforvariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauctionandtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinAutcio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subhasta”,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”;ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.

Practicallyallgoodscanbesoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,fruit,vegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbythebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”,isusuallygivenanumber.Theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlotoneandcontinuethenumericalorder;hemaywaituntilhenoticesthefactthatcertainbuyersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebidding.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofbiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because（

）.

3.Inthesentence“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,”theword“spoils”mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.InEnglandacandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（

）.

5.Anauctioncataloguegivesbuyers（

）.

问题1选项

A.atfixedprices

B.atpriceslowerthantheirtruevalue

C.forthehighestpriceoffered

D.atpricesofferedbytheauctioneer

问题2选项

A.theauctioneerknocksonthetable

B.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

C.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

D.theauctioneernamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods

问题3选项

A.uselessgoods

B.spears

C.variouskindsoffood

D.propertytakenfromtheenemy

问题4选项

A.tolimitthetimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemade

B.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnight

C.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

D.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm

问题5选项

A.thecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoods

B.theorderinwhichgoodsaretobesold

C.freeadmissiontotheauctionsale

D.detailsofthegoodstobesold

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.他鼓励买家出更高的价格，并最终将出价最高者称作商品的买主。”由此可知答案选C。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Thisiscalled‘knockingdown’thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.这被称为‘击倒’货物，当拍卖人在一个凸起的台子上敲击小锤子时，竞拍就结束了。”由此可知答案选C。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled‘subhasta’,meaning‘underthespear’,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.罗马人通常以这种方式出售战争中的战利品；这些销售被称为‘subhasta’，意思是‘在长矛下’，一根长矛被卡在地上，作为一种信号，让人群聚集起来。”由此可知答案选D。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold‘bythecandle’;ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品经常被‘以烧蜡烛定时限’出售；拍卖师点燃了一支短蜡烛，在燃烧的时候可以进行投标。”由此可知答案选A。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda‘lot’,isusuallygivenanumber.如果广告不能提供完整的细节，商品目录就会被打印出来，并且每一组被称为“批次”的商品，通常会被给出一个数字。”由此可推知，目录提供了货物的详情，故答案选D。

2.单选题

Thestudyconcludes:“Certainformsofhighself-esteemseemtoincreaseone’spronenesstoviolence.Anuncriticalendorsementoftheculturalvalueofself-esteemmaythereforebecounterproductiveandevendangerous.”

问题1选项

A.disposition

B.resistance

C.apprehension

D.likeness

【答案】A

【解析】句意：某种形式的高自尊似乎会增加一个人对暴力的……。A选项disposition“处置；倾向”；B选项resistance“阻力；抵抗力”；C选项apprehension“理解；恐惧；逮捕”；D选项likeness“相似”。结合句意分析选项可知A选项“倾向”更符合题意。

3.单选题

Themayorcalledtogetherallhisstaffmembersandannouncedthatthefreshlyappointeddirectorofgeneralaffairswas（）hisex-wife’sson.

问题1选项

A.nobodyotherthan

B.nothingotherthan

C.noneotherthan

D.nototherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。noneotherthan意为“不是别的而正是…”。句意：市长召集了他所有的职员，宣布新任命的总干事不是别人，正是他前妻的儿子。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Heisalwaysmeticulousinkeepingtherecordsuptodate.

问题1选项

A.scrupulous

B.perpetual

C.puerile

D.studious

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.scrupulous细心的，小心谨慎的，一丝不苟的B.perpetual永久的，不断的，无期限的

C.puerile幼稚的，孩子气的；天真的D.studious勤奋的，好学的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由keepingtherecordsuptodate（保持记录的更新）可推测，划线单词meticulous表示“一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的”，因此A选项含义最为接近。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。

【句意】他总是一丝不苟地保持记录的更新。

5.单选题

Wearenotsurethathewillbeableto（

）theshockofgoingbankrupt.

问题1选项

A.getover

B.putthrough

C.takeup

D.dependupon

【答案】A

【解析】getover克服，恢复，熬过；putthrough接通，完成，使经受；takeup拿起，开始从事；dependupon依赖，取决于。句意：我们不确定他能否从破产的打击中恢复过来。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Allthedoctor’seffortswere______andthepatientsoondied.

问题1选项

A.intears

B.invain

C.inturn

D.inall

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项intears“流着泪”；B选项invain“无效”；C选项inturn“轮流；依次；反过来”；D选项inall“总共，合计”。句意：医生的所有努力都是______，病人很快就死了。根据语境，医生的努力没有成功救回病人，invain“无效”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Ittookhimseveralmonthsto______thewildhorse.

问题1选项

A.tend

B.cultivate

C.tame

D.breed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tend“趋向，倾向”，B项cultivate“培养”，C项tame“驯服”，D项breed“使动物繁殖，培养”。根据关键词wildhorse“野马”可知，C选项符合语境。句意：驯服那匹野马花了他几个月的时间。因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Thesechangeshavenotbeensufficientto（）thelosses.

问题1选项

A.stem

B.stimulate

C.cause

D.compensate

【答案】D

【解析】语义题。空格填人的词应与sufficient词义相近。因此D项compensate（补偿，报酬）符合要求。

9.单选题

Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirmanifestadvantages.Furthermore,theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.

Effortsweremadetofindthecauseoftheconsumers’seeminglyunreasonableresistancetotheproduct.Thereasongivenbymostpeoplewasdislikeforthetaste.Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasons,however.Thiswasconfirmedbyoneofmotivationresearch’sclassicstudies,oneoftencitedinthetrade.MasonHaire,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,constructedtwoshoppingliststhatwereidenticalexceptforoneitem.Thereweresixitemscommontobothlists:hamburger,carrots,bakingpowder,bread,cannedpeachesandpotatoes,withthebrandsofamountsspecified.Theseventhitem,inthefifthplaceonbothlists,read“1lb.MaxwellHousecoffee”ononelistand“Nescafeinstantcoffee”ontheother.Onelistwasgiventoeachpersoninagroupoffiftywomen,andtheotherlisttothoseinanothergroupofthesamesize.Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribe,asfarastheycould,thekindofwoman(“personalityandcharacter”)whowoulddrawupthatshoppinglist.Nearlyhalfofthosewhohadreceivedthelistincludinginstantcoffeedescribedahousewifewhowaslazyandapoorplanner.Ontheotherhand,onlyonewomanintheothergroupdescribedthehousewife,whohadincludedregularcoffeeonherlist,aslazy;onlysixofthatgroupsuggestedthatshewasapoorplanner.Eightwomenfeltthattheinstantcoffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife!Nooneintheothergroupdrewsuchaconclusionaboutthehousewifewhointendedtobuyregularcoffee.

1.Thefactthatproducersfoundresistancetotheirproductdespitethefactthattheyspentmoreadvertisingmoneyoninstantthanregularcoffeeshowsthat（

）.

2.Inthisinstance,thepurposeofmotivationresearchwastodiscover

（

）.

3.Thisinvestigationindicatedthat

（

）.

4.Ontheresultsofthistest,theproducersprobablyrevisedtheiradvertisingtoshowa

（

）.

5.Impliedbutnotstated:（

）.

问题1选项

A.advertisingdoesnotassurefavorablesalesresult

B.companiesspentmoremoneyonadvertisingthantheyshould

C.peoplepaylittleattentiontoadvertising

D.themoreoneadvertisesthebetterthesalespicture

问题2选项

A.whypeopledrinkcoffee

B.whyinstantcoffeedidnottastegood

C.whyregularcoffeewassuccessful

D.therealreasonwhypeoplewouldnotbuyinstantcoffee

问题3选项

A.50percentofhousewivesarelazy

B.housewiveswhouseinstantcoffeearelazy

C.manywomenbelievethatwiveswhouseinstantcoffeearelazy

D.wiveswhouseregularcoffeearegoodplanners

问题4选项

A.lazyhousewifeusingregularcoffee

B.hardworkinghousewifeusinginstantcoffee

C.lazyhousewifeusinginstantcoffee

D.manobviouslyenjoyingthetasteofinstantcoffee

问题5选项

A.Despiteitsadvantages,mostpeopledislikedinstantcoffeebecauseofitstaste

B.Theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasgreaterthanthatforregularcoffee

C.Veryoftenwedonotknowtherealreasonsfordoingthings

D.Tasteistheprincipalfactorindeterminingwhatwebuy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“尽管在速溶咖啡上花了比普通咖啡更多的广告费，但是生产商发现这种商品受到了消费者的抵制，这说明……”生厂商为他们的即冲咖啡做了大量广告然而却没能得到消费者的认可，可以得出并不是所有的广告都能起到预期效果，所以A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在这个例子中，动机研究的目的是为了发现……”。文章第二段第三句提到“生产商怀疑有更深层的原因”（Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasons,however），由此可以得出这项调查是为了找出为什么消费者不接受即冲咖啡这个产品。选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“这项调查表明……”。文章最后一段提到家庭主妇认为买速溶咖啡证明这个人非常懒惰，不是一个好妻子（Eightwomenfeltthattheinstantcoffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife），选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据这次试验的结果，生厂商有可能修改广告的内容，这表明……”。调查结果表明人们不买速溶咖啡的原因是它暗示家庭主妇懒惰或者不会精明持家，所以生产商应该在转变这种暗示上花功夫。选项B符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是“文章暗示但没有说明……”。文章提到消费者不愿意买速溶咖啡是因为这种咖啡味道不好，却忽略了更为深层的含义：只有懒惰的家庭主妇才会买这种咖啡。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Wecandistinguishthreedifferentrealmsofmatter,threelevelsonthequantumladder.Thefirstistheatomicrealm,whichincludestheworldofatoms,theirinteractions,andthestructuresthatareformedbythem,suchasmolecules,liquidsandsolids,andgasesandplasmas.Thisrealmincludesallthephenomenaofatomicphysics,chemistry,and,inacertainsense,biology.Theenergyexchangestakingplaceinthisrealmareofarelativelyloworder.Iftheseexchangesarebelowoneelectronvolt,suchasinthecollisionsbetweenmoleculesoftheairinaroom,thenatomsandmoleculescanberegardedaselementaryparticles.Thatis,theyhave“conditionalelementarity”becausetheykeeptheiridentityanddonotchangeinanycollisionsorinotherprocessesattheselowenergyexchanges.Ifonegoestohigherenergyexchanges,say104electronvolts,thenatomsandmoleculeswilldecomposeintonucleiandelectrons;atthislevel,thelatterparticlesmustbeconsideredaselementary.WefindexamplesofstructuresandprocessesofthisfirstrungofthequantumladderonEarth,onplanets,andonthesurfacesofstars.

Thenextrungisthenuclearrealm.Heretheenergyexchangesaremuchhigher,ontheorderofmillionsofelectronvolts.Aslongaswearedealingwithphenomenaintheatomicrealm,suchamountsofenergyareunavailable,andmostnucleiareinert:theydonotchange.However,ifoneappliesenergiesofmillionsofelectronvolts,nuclearreactions,fissionandfusion,andtheprocessesofradioactivityoccur;ourelementaryparticlesthenareprotons,neutrons,andelectrons.Inaddition,nuclearprocessesproduceneutrinos,particlesthathavenodetectablemassorcharge.Intheuniverse,energiesatthislevelareavailableinthecentersofstarsandinstarexplosions.Indeed,theenergyradiatedbythestarsisproducedbynuclearreactions.ThenaturalradioactivitywefindonEarthisthelong-livedremnantofthetimewhennow-earthlymatterwasexpelledintospacebyamajorstellarexplosion.

Thethirdrungofthequantumladderisthesubnuclearrealm.Herewearedealingwithenergyexchangesofmanybillionsofelectronvolts.Weencounterexcitednucleons,newtypesofparticlessuchasmesons,heavyelectrons,quarks,andgluons,andalsoantimatterinlargequantities.Thegluonsarethequanta,orsmallestunits,oftheforce（thestrongforce）thatkeepsthequarkstogether.Aslongaswearedealingwiththeatomicornuclearrealm,thesenewtypesofparticlesdonotoccurandthenucleonsremaininert.Butatsubnuclearenergylevels,thenucleonsandmesonsappeartobecomposedofquarks,sothatthequarksandgluonsfigureaselementaryparticles.

1.Theprimarytopicofthepassageis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,radioactivitythatoccursnaturallyonEarthistheresultof（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbefoundintheatomicrealm?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,gluonsarenot（）.

5.Thepassagespeaksofparticlesashavingconditionalelementarityifthey（）.

问题1选项

A.theinteractionoftherealmsonthequantumladder

B.atomicstructuresfoundonEarth,onotherplanets,andonthesurfacesofstars

C.levelsofenergythatarereleasedinnuclearreactionsonEarthandinstars

D.particlesandprocessesfoundintheatomic,nuclear,andsubnuclearrealms

问题2选项

A.theproductionofparticlesthathavenodetectablemassorelectriccharge

B.highenergyexchangesonthenuclearlevelthatoccurredinanancientexplosioninastar

C.processesthatoccurinthecenteroftheSun,whichemitsradiationtotheEarth

D.high-voltagedischargesofelectricitythattookplaceintheatmosphereoftheEarthshortlyaftertheEarthwasformed

问题3选项

A.Morethanonelevelofenergyexchange

B.Exactlyoneelementaryparticle

C.Exactlythreekindsofatomicstructures

D.Noparticlessmallerthanatoms

问题4选项

A.foundtobeconditionallyelementary

B.producedinnuclearreactions

C.encounteredinsubnuclearenergyexchanges

D.relatedtothestrongforce

问题5选项

A.remainunchangedatthegivenlevelofenergyexchange

B.cannotbedecomposedintosmallerconstituents

C.releaseenergyatalowlevelincollisions

D.belongtothenuclearlevelonthequantumladder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本篇开头介绍了我们可以区分物质的三个不同领域，在量子阶梯上的三个层次。接着三段分别阐述了原子能领域，原子核领域以及亚核领域的物质及物质产生过程。故D项“在原子、原子核和亚核领域中发现的粒子和过程”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段"However,ifoneappliesenergiesofmillionsofelectronvolts,nuclearreactions,fissionandfusion,andtheprocessesofradioactivityoccur;ourelementaryparticlesthenareprotons,neutrons,andelectrons."然而，如果一个人应用数百万电子伏特的能量，核反应、裂变和聚变，那么放射性过程就会发生;我们的基本粒子是质子、中子和电子。据此可知地球上自然发生的放射性现象是极高的能量交换发生反应的结果。故B项“是一个古老的恒星爆炸过程中的高能量的核水平交换的结果”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“atomicrealm”可定位到第一段Iftheseexchangesarebelowoneelectronvolt,……Ifonegoestohigherenergyexchanges,say104electronvolts,thenatomsandmoleculeswilldecomposeintonucleiandelectrons;atthislevel,thelatterparticlesmustbeconsideredaselementary.如果这些交换低于1电子伏特，如果进行更高的能量交换，比如104电子伏特，那么原子和分子就会分解成原子核和电子;在这个层次上，后一种粒子必须被认为是基本粒子。据此可知第一段在原子领域不止一级能量交换，可以有高能量和低能量交换。故A项正确。B项与原文内容"thenatomsandmoleculeswilldecomposeintonucleiandelectrons;atthislevel,thelatterparticlesmustbeconsideredaselementary."那么原子和分子就会分解成原子核和电子;在这个。层次上，后一种粒子必须被认为是基本粒子”不符，原子领域除了基本粒子还有其他成分。CD两项第一段未提及。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词gluons定位到第三段"Thegluonsarethequanta,orsmallestunits,oftheforce（thestrongforce）thatkeepsthequarkstogether.Aslongaswearedealingwiththeatomicornuclearrealm,thesenewtypesofparticlesdonotoccurandthenucleonsremaininert.Butatsubnuclearenergylevels,thenucleonsandmesonsappeartobecomposedofquarks,sothatthequarksandgluonsfigureaselementaryparticles."胶子是使夸克聚集在一起的力（强力）的量子，或最小的单位。只要我们研究的是原子或核领域，这些新型粒子就不会出现，核子也会保持惰性。但是在亚核能级，核子和介子似乎是由夸克组成的，所以夸克和胶子是基本粒子。据此可知胶子不会出现在原子和核领域，故B项正确。其他选项与题干中的gluons无关。

5.细节事实题。由题干关键词"conditionalelementarity"定位到第一段"Iftheseexchangesarebelowoneelectronvolt,suchasinthecollisionsbetweenmoleculesoftheairinaroom,thenatomsandmoleculescanberegardedaselementaryparticles.Thatis,theyhave“conditionalelementarity”becausetheykeeptheiridentityanddonotchangeinanycollisionsorinotherprocessesattheselowenergyexchanges."如果这些交换低于1电子伏特，例如在一个房间里空气分子之间的碰撞，那么原子和分子可以被视为基本粒子。也就是说，它们有“条件元素性”因为它们保持它们的同一性，在任何碰撞或其他低能量交换过程中都不会改变。据此可知条件元素性在能量交换过程中不会改变。故A项“给定的能量交换水平上保持不变”正确。

11.单选题

Thefactisthatmotherhoodmakestheheaviestdemandsin_______theareasofleastexperience.

问题1选项

A.thatitmightbecalled

B.whatmightbecalled

C.whichmightbecalled

D.itmightbecalled

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。根据in可知横线部分是宾语从句，根据横线后面判断宾语从句缺主语。A选项中that不做主语，故A选项错误。D选项构成完整句子，不符合从句结构，故错误。C选项which表示“哪一个”，不符合句意，故错误。B选项中what指areasofleastexperience“经验最少的领域”，是从句主语，符合题意。句意：事实是，当母亲在所谓不需要经验的领域里有最高的要求。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Johnsonneverscrupledtoignorethestandardsofdecentconductmandatedbycompanypolicyif（

）compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso,whatevertheeffectsonhissubordinates.

问题1选项

A.deigned

B.feigned

C.literal

D.halfhearted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词和形容词词义辨析。deign赐予；feign假装；装作；捏造；想象；literal文字的；字面上的；halfhearted不认真的；不热心的；无兴趣的。句意：如果在字面上对上司指令的服从让自己能够去忽视公司政策所颁布的得体的行为标准，那么不论对下属有什么样的影响，John都会从未有所顾忌地去这样做。由Johnsonneverscrupledtoignore…与compliancewithinstructionsfromhissuperiorsenabledhimtodoso可知“字面上的”符合。

13.单选题

Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisionshasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillionsofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentbeast.AccordingtoIBM,itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplainoldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage”•

That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofallinformationis“unstructured”.Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotesdictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademicjournals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.Atleastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatientexaminations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnandgetbetteratfiguringoutmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswithrealcases.Watsonevenhastheabilitytoconveydoubt.Whenitmakesdiagnosesandrecommendstreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached.

Medicinehasneverbeforehadatoolquitelikethis.Andatanunofficialcoming-outpartyinLasVegaslastyear,duringtheannualmeetingoftheHealthcareInformationandManagementSystemSociety,morethan1,000professionalspackedalargehotelconferencehall,andanoverflowroomnearby,tohearapresentationbyMartyKohn,anemergency-roomphysicianandaclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare.Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe,KohndescribedinhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger—notjustinhighlyspecializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,giventhatalldoctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimesdangerous,treatmenterrors.

Drawingonhisownclinicalexperienceandonacademicstudies,Kohnexplainedthataboutone-thirdoftheseerrorsappeartobeproductsofmisdiagnosis,onecauseofwhichis“anchoringbias”：humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation.Thishappensallthetimeindoctors，offices,clinics，andemergencyrooms.Aphysicianhearsabouttwoorthreesymptoms，seizesonadiagnosisconsistentwiththose,andsubconsciouslydiscountsevidencethatpointstosomethingelse.Oraphysicianhitsupontherightdiagnosis,butfailstorealizethatit’sincomplete,andendsuptreatingjustoneconditionwhenthepatientis,infact,sufferingfromseveral.ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings.Assuch,Kohnbelieves,theymayeventuallybecomeasubiquitousindoctors，officesasthestethoscope.

“Watsonfillsinforsomehumanlimitations，”Kohntoldmeinaninterview.“Studiesshowthathumansaregoodattakingarelativelylimitedlistofpossibilitiesandusingthatlist,butarefarlessadeptatusinghugevolumesofinformation.That’swhereWatsonshines；takingahugelistofinformationandwinnowingitdown.”

1.WhatisWatson?

2.WhichofthefollowingisbeyondWatsoifsability?

3.MartyKohn().

4.“Anchoringbias”().

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Itisapersonwhoaidsdoctorsinprocessingmedicalrecords.

B.Itisanonlinetoolthatconnectsdoctorsoverdifferentplaces.

C.Itisanintelligentcomputerthathelpsdoctorsmakedecisions.

D.Itisabeastthatgreetsmillionsofvisitorstoamedicalinstitution.

问题2选项

A.Talkwiththepatient.

B.Calculateprobability.

C.Recommendtreatment.

D.Processsophisticateddata.

问题3选项

A.gaveapresentationatanacademicconference

B.worksfortheIBMTrainingDivision

C.isashortpersonwithahuskyvoice

D.expressedoptimismforWatson

问题4选项

A.isadeviceubiquitousindoctors，offices

B.islesslikelytobecommittedbyWatson

C.happensinonethirdofmedicaltreatments

D.isawrongdiagnosiswithincompleteinformation

问题5选项

A.WatsonAsAShiningStar.

B.TheRisksOfMisdiagnosis.

C.TheRobotWillSeeYouNow.

D.IBM’sITSolutionToMedicine.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干：Waston是什么？由第一段第三句中“itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit”可知Waston是能帮助医生和病人的智能电脑。因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：以下哪项超出了Watsoif的能力？由第一段最后一句中“digestinformationandmakerecommendations”可得C和D选项。根据第二段最后一句中“itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached”可得出B选项。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节题。题干：MartyKohn______。人名定位到第三段。由段尾的“agamechanger”可推出MartyKohn看好Waston。A选项的academicconference与原文不符合，演讲是在一次非正式亮相的聚会上进行的。MartyKohn是“aclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare”，而不是IBM培训部的人，所以排除B选项。由“Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe”可知MartyKohn本身不矮小，是对比出的效果，排除C选项。因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：“Anchoringbias”________本文第四段提到了“Anchoringbias”，“humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation…”，倒数第二句指出“ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings”，可知Waston不太容易出现这类错误。因此选项B符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题干：下面哪个可能是这篇文章最好的标题？本文主要讲述了Waston是什么以及它在医学领域的应用。因此选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Sinceprofessorsstandatthecenterofthestudent'sencounterwithcollegelearning,studentsoughttoaskwhatmarksagoodprofessor,whatindicatesabadone.Theonewhosetshighstandard