考研考博-英语-山东现代学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东现代学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Teenagechildrenbegantoasserttheirindependenceandthiscanleadtogooddealof（）inthefamily.

问题1选项

A.controversy

B.friction

C.restriction

D.contradiction

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义解析。controversy“辩论”；friction“摩擦”；restriction“，约束”；contradiction“矛盾，不一致”。句意：青少年开始宣称他们的独立，这样会在家庭中带来大量的摩擦。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Eachworkday,theworkersfollowedthesameschedulesandrarely（）fromthisroutine.

问题1选项

A.deviated

B.disconnected

C.detached

D.distorted

【答案】A

【解析】句意：每个工作日，工人们遵循着同样的日程表，很少常规。A选项deviated脱离，偏离；B选项disconnected切断；拆开；C选项detached分离，拆开；D选项distorted歪曲，扭曲，deviatefrom意为“背离，偏离”，应选A。

3.单选题

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

问题1选项

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.devised设计B.thrust用力推

C.estimated估计D.encountered遇到

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】原文指到2050年美国老年痴呆症患者的数量将增加一倍以上，2050年是一个未来的年份，这个数据应该是预估的，C选项“估计”符合原文。原文beprojectedto“被预测”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项devised“设计”，美国的老年痴呆症患者的数量应该是自然发生的，不存在说被设计成多少；

B选项thrust“用力推”，不符合原句逻辑；

D选项encountered“遇到”，不符合原句逻辑。

【句意】预计到2050年，美国老年痴呆症患者的数量将增加一倍以上。

4.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位教授几乎找不到足够的根据来支持他的新理论。根据横线到句尾是对sufficientgrounds进行修饰的定语从句，确定用引导词which；根据短语basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，确定用介词on，B选项onwhichtobase正确。A选项whichtobaseon介词和语序错误；C选项tobebasedon和D选项tobaseon介词使用错误。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Iwassupposedtogotoaconcertwithyoursistertheothernight,butyoursisterdidn’tturnup.Ican’tbelieveIhavebeen（）.

问题1选项

A.givenup

B.stoodup

C.leftup

D.takenup

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项givenup“放弃”；B选项stoodup“站起来，坚持”；C选项leftup“离开，丢下”；D选项takenup“拿起，开始从事，占据（时间，地方）”。句意：那天晚上我本来要和你妹妹一起去听音乐会的，但是你妹妹没来。真不敢相信我被_____。这里因为另一个人的妹妹没有来，所以说话的人应该是觉得自己“被丢下/抛弃了”，因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Theoddnoisesandflashesoflightintheemptyhousecompletelybaffledhim.

问题1选项

A.horrified

B.surrounded

C.perplexed

D.surprised

【答案】C

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项horrified“惊骇，使……惊悚”；B选项surrounded“包围，围住”；C选项perplexed“困惑，迷茫，惶恐”；D选项surprised“使惊奇，惊讶”。句意：空房子里奇怪的声音和闪光把他完全弄糊涂了。Baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

TheChineselanguagediffers（）fromtheEnglishlanguagebecauseoftheirdifferentwritingsystemandpronunciation.

问题1选项

A.considerably

B.consistently

C.confidently

D.continually

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。considerably"相当地,十分地";consistently"一贯地,始终如一地";confidently"自信地,确信地";continually"不断地,连续地"。句意：由于书写体系和发音的不同,汉语和英语有很大的不同。选项A符合句意。

8.单选题

Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherperson（）uncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.

问题1选项

A.opulently

B.excessively

C.consistently

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。opulently“富裕地，丰裕地”；excessively“过分地，极度”,强调的是超过合理范围的；consistently“一贯地，一致地”；exceedingly“极其，非常”，相当于very。句意：如果你在电梯里盯着陌生人看，你会让别人极其不舒服，并且你自己也会觉得很奇怪。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Don’tcarewhathesaid.Youknow,itwassaidina（）ofanger.

问题1选项

A.fit

B.ray

C.grain

D.layer

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项afitof“突发一阵，阵发”；B选项arayof“一线”；C选项agrainof“一点点；一些”D选项alayerof“一层”。句意：不用管他说什么。你知道，这是在愤怒中说的。这里指“阵发的愤怒”，因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Itisestimatedthatascientificprinciplehasalifeexpectancyofapproximatelyadecadebeforeitdrasticallyrevisedorreplacedbynewerinformation.

问题1选项

A.estimated

B.alifeexpectancy

C.decade

D.itdrastically

【答案】D

【解析】根据题中itisestimated可知，D项应该也为被动语态itisdrasticallyrevised，构成并列结构，句意：据估计，在一项科学原则被新的信息彻底地修改和更新之前，预期的寿命大概是十年。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Coalbedscontainappreciablequantitiesofmethane,theprincipalcomponentofnaturalgas.Incoaldeposits,methaneisoftendispersedthroughouttheporesandfracturesofthecoalbed.

问题1选项

A.softened

B.decayed

C.circulated

D.trickled

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.softened（使）变软，软化B.decayed（使）腐烂，腐朽

C.circulated（液体或气体）环流，循环D.trickled（使）滴，淌，小股流淌

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】dispersed的意思为“（使）分散，散开”，指的是甲烷这种气体在煤层的孔隙和裂缝循环流动，结合语境，circulated与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】煤层含有大量甲烷，这是天然气的主要成分。在煤矿床中，甲烷往往分散在煤层的孔隙和裂缝中。

12.单选题

Manypeoplebelievethatthefamilyisthe（

）ofthecommunity.

问题1选项

A.nucleus

B.latitude

C.swamp

D.destiny

【答案】A

【解析】nucleus核心；latitude纬度,界限；swamp沼泽,湿地；destiny命运,定数。句意:许多人认为家庭是社区的核心。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Theseearlyclocks,operatedbyweights,werenotparticularlyaccurate,anditwasnotuntilthesixteenthcentury（）.

问题1选项

A.anygreatreliabilityattainedit

B.thenattainedanygreatreliability

C.thatanygreatreliabilitywasattained

D.whenanygreatreliabilityattained

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。空格处为强调句型，itwasnotunti+强调部分+that引导的完整句子。因此C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles（麻烦事）associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource（外包）andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition（完成）withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans（

）.

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

问题2选项

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning

问题3选项

A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.

D.Thosewhohaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.

问题5选项

A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.

B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.

C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.

D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。“weatherthestorm”中的thestorm是指前面的“thegreatlowebbofhightech（高科技的低谷）”，由文章第一段中的最后一句Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.（Jobsites和onlineauctioneere-Bay都是互联网继续培育的商务新品种的好例子）可推测“twokindsofsites（两类网站）”经受住了这次高科技的低谷，并生存了下来，因此A选项“危机中生存”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干的关键词thefirskindofsite和thesendkindofsite定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第二三四句Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”—onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet'sspecialcharacteristics.（第一种通常被称为“实体与虚拟结合的商店”——Walmart或Sears等商店的在线扩展。他们将现有的传统业务扩展到在线领域。第二种提供了一种独特的服务，这是由于互联网的特殊性而得以实现的）可知第一种卖产品，而第二种卖服务，因此A选项“第一种是销售商品，第二种是提供服务”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段第一句Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.（基础价格很高这是可以理解的，考虑到CafeP为初始投资所做的工作）可知C选项“为了吸引在线客户，它将利润降到最低”表示不正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词vice-president定位到文章倒数第二段中，由Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit（越来越多的公司来找我们，他们想做某种商品销售，他们想向他们的用户提供一系列的产品，但他们不想做与之相关的麻烦事）可知C选项“那些想避免与客户谈判的麻烦的人”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词themostoutstandingaboutC定位到文章最后一段中，由What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore（这个系统值得注意的是，开一家商店是多么简单）和butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk（但是，使用，用户可以轻松地将想法在短时间内实现，而且没有财务风险）可知D选项“它为用户提供了快速将他们的想法付诸实践的安全性”符合题意。

15.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinorderrespects,appeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence-asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearnedthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Notsolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwoundwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，”theadvocateofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

问题1选项

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

问题2选项

A.violenceneversolvesanything.

B.nothing.

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.

D.everything.

问题3选项

A.can’tgetahearing.

B.arelookeddownupon.

C.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.

D.arepersecuted.

问题4选项

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

B.hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

C.hegainsnothingafterlistening.

D.hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

问题5选项

A.Lawenforcement

B.Knowledge

C.Moppinguptheviolentmess

D.nonviolence

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。B项(暴力难以消除种族偏见)适合做文章标题。

2.细节题。第一段指出:Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing(人类的整个历史记录，那冗长乏味的暴力记录，完全没有教给我们任何东西)，故选B。

3.推断题。第二段指出:真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。D项是对A,B,C三项的总结。

4.语义题。Nonethewiser字面意思是“—点也不比以前聪明”。

5.细节题。第二段指出:如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。因此推断作者认为,法制是消灭种族歧视的办法。

16.翻译题

WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Firstandforemost,theWestshouldrelearnthevirtueofpragmatism.Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingundertheirownpolitico-economicideologies—MarxisminChina,NehruviansocialisminIndiarespectively.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,neitherChinanorIndiathrewtheproverbialbabyoutwiththebathwater—instead,theybalancedcapitalismwithjudiciousgovernmentdirection.

ContrastthislevelheadedmiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways—andwhoseutterlackofpragmatismhelpedprecipitatetheglobalfinancialcrisis.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyinfatuatedwiththeideologyofunfetteredfreemarketsanddismissiveoftheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sdictumthat“government”isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”

Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap;thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.

JustasAmericansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlyraisetaxes,theEuropeansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlycutexpenditures—achallengethatAsianeconomiesweretaughttosurmountbytheirownpastcrises.

【答案】西方那些负债累累、经济停滞不前的国家应该向蒸蒸日上的亚洲学习些什么？

第一点也是最重要的一点，西方应当重新认识实用主义的优点。几十年前，亚洲的两大巨头在各自错误的政治经济意识形态的领导下，均出现社会、经济停滞不前的发展状况：即马克思主义的中国化和尼赫鲁在印度推行社会主义制度。

然而，自从中国20世纪80年代迎来自由市场的改革，紧接着是印度在20世纪90年代的改革，这两个国家都实现了经济的快速发展。重要的是，当他们打开国门，开始拓展本国市场，中国和印度并未把有口皆碑尚在襁褓中发育的婴儿与其洗澡水一同扔掉，而是让资本主义道路与政府所指引的发展道路相得益彰，得以均衡发展。

与这种冷静明智的中间道路形成对比的是美国和欧洲，它们都过度受制于自己的意识形态，这种完全缺乏实用主义的情况是导致全球经济危机长期化的一个因素。自20世纪80年代以来，美国越来越被不受任何干预的自由市场的意识形态冲昏头脑，对政府干预持排斥立场。正如罗纳德•里根所言“政府并不是解决问题的途径；政府本身才是问题所在。”

与此同时，欧洲已经陷入另一种意识形态之中而不可自拔：他们相信欧洲政府总是有无穷无尽的资源，可以不断地去借贷，仿佛没有未来一样。

正如美国人需要学习如何明智地增税一样，欧洲人也需要学习如何明智地削减开支——这一举措可以让亚洲国家学会如何克服过去自身的危机，取得成就。

17.单选题

Fromanairplane,thegrasslandsofthewesternprairieappearalmostasuniformasaplacidsea.

问题1选项

A.calm

B.seedy

C.hilly

D.fake

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。placid表示“平静的，温和的”。A项calm“平静的，沉着的”，B项seedy“多种子的”，C项hilly“丘陵的，多小山的”，D项fake“伪造的”。句意：从飞机上看，西部大草原的草原几乎像平静的大海一样一成不变。根据题意该题选A。

18.单选题

______humanbehaviormaybecausedbyeatingsubstancesthatupsetthedelicatechemicalbalanceinthebrain.

问题1选项

A.Deliberate

B.Consistent

C.Abnormal

D.Primitive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Deliberate“故意的；从容的”；B选项Consistent“一致的；坚持的”；C选项Abnormal“反常的”；D选项Primitive“原始的；简单的”。句意：______的人类行为可能是由于食用了破坏大脑中微妙的化学物质平衡的物质而引起的。根据语境，大脑化学物质失衡会导致人和平时不同，Abnormal“反常的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

19.单选题

Themanagingdirectortookthe（

）fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

问题1选项

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。guilt意为“有罪，犯罪行为”；charge意为“收费，指控”；blame意为“(坏事或错事的)责任，责备”，taketheblamefor意为“承担……的责任”；accusation意为“指责，谴责”。

句意：总经理承担了事故的责任，尽管并不真的是他的错。

20.单选题

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?

4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“（

）".

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

问题1选项

A.Theoriginsoftheatre.

B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance

C.Theimportanceofstorytelling

D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.

问题2选项

A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.

B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.

C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.

D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.

问题3选项

A.Dance.

B.Costumes.

C.Music

D.Magic.

问题4选项

A.thoughtful

B.substantial

C.relational

D.ceremonial

问题5选项

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问‘这篇文章主要讨论什么?’。文章前两段介绍了一种被广泛接受的一个理论，即戏剧是从仪式演变而来的。在最后一段还介绍了两种有关戏剧起源的不同理论，一个是认为戏剧起源于人类对讲故事的兴趣，另一个将戏剧的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文围绕着“戏剧的起源”这一主题展开，A选项‘戏剧的起源’正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘作者在第一段中讨论了戏剧的哪些方面?’。根据文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.随着时间的推移，一些仪式被废弃了，但这些后来被称为神话的故事流传下来，为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。”确定作者在文章第一段讨论了神话和戏剧情节之间的关系，所以C选项‘神话和戏剧性情节之间的联系’正确。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘以下哪一项不被提及为戏剧和仪式的共同元素?’。根据文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戏剧是由仪式演变而来的人也认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的种子，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”确定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服装’和C‘音乐’都有提及，D选项的“巫术”没有提及，符合题意。

4.词汇题。题干询问‘第2段下划线的“considerable”一词在意义上最接近…’。“considerable”出现在文章第二段第三句话中，修饰名词“importance重要性”，句意是‘由于在仪式的制定过程中避免错误的发生受到了……重视，宗教领袖通常承担这项任务。’根据“avoidingmistakes避免错误”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教领袖来承担该项任务”可以确定B选项‘大量的’。正确

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘根据这篇文章，仪式和戏剧的主要区别是什么?’。根据第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戏剧是由仪式演变而来的人也认为，这些仪式包含了戏剧的种子，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”确定A选项‘仪式用音乐，而戏剧不用’不正确。B项“宗教仪式比戏剧短”与C项“宗教仪式相比戏剧有更少的表演者”在文中没有提及；根据倒数第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最终，这种戏剧性的表现形式从宗教活动中分离了出来。”确定D项“宗教仪式有一个宗教目的，而戏剧没有”正确。

21.单选题

Onlybyunderstandingthearticledeeply________hopeforthereaderstograspitsfullmeaning.

问题1选项

A.cantherebe

B.canbethere

C.betherecan

D.therecanbe