考研考博-英语-中国海洋大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国海洋大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,____thesamecompany.

问题1选项

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.letalone

D.lesslikely

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.allelse其他所有B.muchworse更糟糕的是

C.letalone更不必说D.lesslikely更不可能

【答案】C

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】前文提到“如今越来越少的工人想在同一个领域（inthesamefield）度过他们的工作生涯”，后文内容为“同一家公司（thesamecompany）”，根据前后语义可知，从“同一个领域”到“同一家公司”，工人们不愿意的程度是增加的，空格前后为程度增加的两个名词短语，C选项letalone“更不必说”，相当于一个连词，符合原文语境。

【干扰项排除】

A选项allelse“其他所有”，不符合原文语义衔接；

B选项muchworse“更糟糕的是”，不符合原文语义衔接；

D选项lesslikely“更不可能”，形容词或副词短语，不单独并列两个名词短语。

【句意】如今越来越少的工人想一直在同一个领域工作，更不用说同一家公司了。

2.单选题

TheboardofDirectorsdecidedthatmoreyoungmenwhowerequalifiedwouldbe（）importantpositions.

问题1选项

A.insertedinto

B.furnishedwith

C.installedin

D.attributedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语搭配。insertinto“插入，写入”；furnishedwith“提供”；installedin“把……安装于”；attributeto“归因于……”。根据youngman与importantpositions可知是将“合格的年轻人放到重要的位置”，选项C符合题意。

3.填空题

（1）

totheCanadianmedia,thereiswidespread（2）ofthegovernment'splantoreformhighereducation.Angry（3）againstthemeasurehavebeenorganizedinseveralmajorcities.

【答案】1.according;

2.criticism;

3.people

【解析】1.固定搭配。Accordingto根据。

2.语义题。第二空填名词，由后面的关键信息Angry和against可知填criticism(批评)符合题意。

3.语义题。第三空为主语的一部分,谓语动词为organized(组织),同时受Angry修饰，结合上下文可以填people。

4.单选题

On（）featureofsupermarketisthatithiresfewerclerks,whichcutdownonthecostofsale.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.instinct

C.distinctive

D.instinctive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。extinct"灭绝的,绝种的";instinct"本能,直觉,天性";distinctive"有特色的,与众不同的";instinctive"本能的,直觉的,天生的"。句意：超市最大的特点是雇佣的店员少,这就降低了销售成本。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

PricesforcarsintheU.S.canrun______$20,800.

问题1选项

A.ashighas

B.sohighas

C.sohighto

D.sohighthat

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ashighas高达B.sohighas那么高

C.sohighto如此高D.sohighthat如此高以致于……

【答案】A

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“美国的汽车价格______20800美元”可知，空格处填入“高达”符合句意，且as…as…为固定搭配，表示“和……一样”。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项没有这个用法；

D项后面一般要跟句子。

【句意】在美国，汽车的价格可高达20800美元。

6.单选题

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.Commonsense,too,suggestsarelationship.Isn’titlogicalthatpeoplewatchtelevisionprogramstheylike,orthatemployeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistasteful?

However,inthelate1960s,thisassumedeffectofattitudesonbehaviorwaschallengedbyareviewoftheresearch.Oneresearcher—LeonFestinger—arguedthatattitudesfollowbehavior.Didyouevernoticehowpeoplechangewhattheysay.soitdoesn’tcontradictwhattheydo?PerhapsafriendofyourshasconsistentlyarguedthatthequalityofUScarsisn’tuptothatofimportsandthathe’dneverownanythingbutaJapaneseorGermancar.Buthisdadgiveshimalate-modelFordMustang,andsuddenlyUScarsaren'tsobad.Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.Festingerarguedthatanyformofinconsistencyisuncomfortableandthatindividualswillattempttoreducethedissonanceand,hence,thediscomfort.Theywillseekastablestate,inwhichthereisaminimumofdissonance.

Researchhasgenerallyconcludedthatpeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehavior.Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.Tobaccoexecutivesprovideanexample.Howyoumightwonderdothesepeoplecopewiththeongoingbarrageofdatalinkingcigarettesmokingandnegativehealthoutcomes?Theycandenythatanyclearcausationbetweensmokingandcancer,forinstance,hasbeenestablished.Theycanbrainwashthemselvesbycontinuallyarticulatingthebenefitsoftobacco.Theycanacknowledgethenegativeconsequencesofsmoking,butrationalizethatpeoplearegoingtosmokeandthattobaccocompaniesmerelypromotefreedomofchoice.Theycanaccepttheresearchevidenceandbeginactivelyworkingtomakelessdangerouscigarettesoratleastreducetheiravailabilitytomorevulnerablegroups,suchasteenagers.Ortheycanquittheirjobbecausethedissonanceistoogreat.

Noindividual,ofcourse,cancompletelyavoiddissonance.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong,butyou“fudge”thenumbersabiteveryyearandhopeyou’renotaudited.Oryoutellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.Sohowdopeoplecope?Festingerwouldproposethatthedesiretoreducedissonancedependsontheimportanceoftheelementscreatingitandthedegreeofinfluencetheindividualbelieveshehasovertheelements;individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.Athirdfactoristherewardsofdissonance;highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonancebecausetheyallowustoeasilyrationalizeit.

1.ThepurposeofmentioningtheTVprogramspeoplewatchinthefirstparagraphistoshow（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingcasescanillustrate“dissonance”？

3.PeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehaviorbydoingmanythingsEXCEPTby（）.

4.Theauthorwantstotellus（）bygivingtheexampleoftobaccoexecutives.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.thatpeopleholddifferentattitudestowarddifferentTVprograms

B.thatpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehaviors

C.thatpeople’sbehaviorsdeterminetheirattitudes

D.thatthereexistsareversiblerelationshipbetweenpeople’sattitudesandtheirbehaviors

问题2选项

A.Employeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistastefi.il.

B.AyoungmanlikeJapanesecars,buthisfatherbuyshimaUScar.

C.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong.

D.Youtellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.

问题3选项

A.alteringtheirattitudes

B.alteringtheirbehavior

C.developingtherationaldiscrepancy

D.rationalizingthediscrepancy

问题4选项

A.whysomanypeoplequittheirjobs

B.howpeoplereducethedissonance

C.howpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehavior

D.whypeople’sattitudesareinconsistentwiththeirbehavior

问题5选项

A.Highrewardsdecreasepeople’sdesiretoreducethedissonance.

B.Highrewardspromptpeopletoreducethedissonance.

C.Ifpeoplebelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol,thedissonancecanbeavoided.

D.Peoplearelikelytogethigherrewards,iftheycanrationalizetheirbehavior

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.”，可知作者的提出的一个观点是人们的态度决定了他们的行为。所以可推断接下来的例子都是用来进一步证明这个观点。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.”，可知认知失调是指个体在两种或两种以上的态度之间或行为与态度之间所感知到的任何不一致。可推断dissonance涉及到不一致的问题。所以告诉孩子用牙线但自己却不用，就体现了这种认知的不一致。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句，“Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.”，可知他们会通过改变态度，或者改变行为，或者为这种差异找合理的解释来解决不一致的问题。所以C项“发展合理化的不一致”文章没有提及。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。文章第三段首先提到了人们解决不一致性问题的方法，下文举出了烟草公司高管的例子，可推断作者用实例来进一步说明人们减少不一致性的具体方法。选项B符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonance”，可知高回报伴随着高失调，减少不一致的内在张力。所以高回报是可以降低人们减少不一致的欲望。选项A符合题意。同时可排除B选项。根据文章最后一段，“individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.”，可知当态度或行为很重要，或者当他们认为这种不一致是由他们能够控制的事情造成时，个人会更有动力去减少这种不协调。可排除C选项。D选项提到如果人们能使自己的行为合理化，他们就有可能获得更高的回报，在文中并未提及。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Paulwasso______abouthisbaldnessthatheworeahat,whetheritwaswinterorsummer.

问题1选项

A.self-composed

B.self-conscious

C.self-confessed

D.self-confident

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.self-composed镇定的，沉着的B.self-conscious难为情的，自己意识到的

C.self-confessed自动坦白的，公开承认的D.self-confident自信的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由baldness（秃顶）可知，Paul对此是难为情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合句意。

【句意】保罗对自己的秃顶感到很难为情，无论是冬天还是夏天，他都戴帽子。

8.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onoccasion“间或，有时”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有时，这给银行造成麻烦。)；B选项onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地来这里看你。)；C选项oncondition“在……条件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D选项onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首时，后面主句的主谓语要倒装，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这屋。)。四个选项中只有C选项oncondition后面跟that从句，表示“在……条件下”。句意：他向我借钱，我同意了，但条件是下周还钱。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

9.单选题

Thetownsquarereallylooksmagnificentatnightwhenitis（

）

问题1选项

A.illuminated

B.decorated

C.furnished

D.inhabited

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。illuminated“被照明的”；decorated“装饰的，修饰的”；furnished“家具，有家具的”；inhabited“有人居住的”。句意：当灯光照亮时，夜晚的城市广场看上去真的很宏伟。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo（）foranyonetoappreciate.

问题1选项

A.drastic

B.dull

C.obscure

D.distinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项drastic“激烈的；猛烈的”；B选项dull“钝的；迟钝的；无趣的；呆滞的”；C选项obscure“昏暗的；晦涩的；不清楚的；隐蔽的”；D选项distinct“明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的”。句意：她对她诗人朋友的提及尽管令人关注，但是却太晦涩而没有人能理解。根据句中“buttoo但是却太”可知“晦涩的”符合语境，因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Intheprofessionswherewomen（）numerically,itwouldbereasonabletoexpectthemtoholdseniorpositions.

问题1选项

A.tolerate

B.integrate

C.predominate

D.accumulate

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使...完整；predominate支配，主导，在...中占优势；accumulate累积，积聚。句意：在妇女数量上占优势的职位中，期望她们担任高级职位也是合情合理的。所以选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Spiesmayhaveanumberof______namesandpapers.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.synthetic

C.false

D.pretended

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项artificial“（力求自然）人造的”，anartificiallimb“假肢”；B选项synthetic“（用化学物质人工）合成的”，syntheticdrugs“合成药物”；C选项false“伪造的”，afalsepassport“假护照”；D选项pretended“假装的”。句意：间谍可能有许多______的名字和文件。根据语境，间谍为了假冒身份，有许多false“伪造的”文件。因此C选项正确。

13.填空题

Personsinresponsiblepositionsmaybeabductedorassassinatedonthegroundsthattheyare“representatives”ofsomeinstitutionorsystemwhichtheirassailantsareopposed.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Dwhich改为towhich

【解析】【考查点】定语从句。

【解题思路】D部分到句尾是修饰someinstitutionorsystem的定语从句，beopposedto为固定搭配，意思为“反对……”，介词to置于引导词which前。

【句意】负责人可能被绑架或暗杀，其原因是他们是攻击者所反对的某些机构或制度的“代表”。

14.单选题

Themoonisnotaplanet（）theplanetsinmanyrespects.

问题1选项

A.resembling

B.whichresembles

C.butresemblanceto

D.althoughitresembles

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题干关键词not和inmanyrespect可知此句句意为：尽管月球在许多方面与行星相似，但它不是行星。因此D项符合句意和语法。

15.单选题

Somepeoplethinktheycanreadaman’s________fromhishandwriting.

问题1选项

A.attribute

B.feature

C.property

D.character

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项attribute“属性，特质”；B选项feature“特色，特征”；C选项property“财产”；D选项character“性格，特性”。句意：一些人认为他们可以从一个人的笔迹中看出这个人的（）。从笔迹中看出来的是人的性格特点，A，B，D都有性格的意思，但是attribute一般指一个群体的特性，比如说Patienceisoneofthemostimportantattributesinateacher.（耐心是作为老师最重要的特性之一）；feature指的是一种外显的特征，一眼看得出来不需要推测，比如说Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.（她容貌中最引人注目的特点是她的双眼）；character指的是人的性格特点；所以答案选D。

16.单选题

MalaysiaandIndonesiarelyonopenmarketsforforestandfisheryproducts.______,someAsiancountriesarehighlyprotectionist.

问题1选项

A.Naturally

B.Conversely

C.Deliberately

D.Evidently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项naturally“自然地”，B项conversely“相反地”，C项deliberately“故意地，缓慢而谨慎地”，D项evidently“显然，明显地，清楚地”。由openmarkets“开放市场”和protectionist“贸易保护主义的”可知，前后语义是相反的，conversely符合语境。句意：马来西亚和印度尼西亚的森林和渔业产品依赖开放市场；相反，一些亚洲国家贸易保护主义色彩浓厚。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.dilemma

D.premise

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradox“悖论，反论；似是而非的论点；自相矛盾的人或事”；B选项junction“连接，接合；交叉点；接合点”；C选项dilemma“困境；进退两难；两刀论法”；D选项premise“前提，假定；（常复数）商店、餐馆、公司等使用的房屋及土地；（常复数）上诉各项”。句意：父母们经常面对这样的两难处境，是选择做他们认为的对孩子发展好的事情呢，还是选择对其放任自流。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Thenumberoffemalebossesoflargefirmsremainsstubbornlysmall.NotsingleoneonFrance’sCAC40shareindexoronGermany'sDAXindexisrunbyawoman.InAmerica，only15chiefexecutivesofFortune500companiesarewomen.Britaindoesbetter,butnotmuch:fiveoftheFTSE-100firmshavefemalebosses.

OnJuly6ththeEuropeanParliamentpassedaresolutioncallingforEU-widelegislationstipulatingthatatleast40%ofseatsonlistedcompanies’supervisoryboardswillbereservedforwomenby2020.Thisdoesnotobligememberstatestodoanything,butitreflectsaspreadingmood.TheGermangovernmentisconsideringwhethertoimposequotas.Americaisnot,butnewrulesfromtheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionwillrequirefirmstorevealwhat,ifanything,theyaredoingtoincreasediversityatthetoptable.

VivianeReding,theEUcommissionerforjustice,arguesthatcompulsionistheonlywaytoovercomeentrencheddiscrimination.InMarch,sheposteda“WomenontheBoardPledgeforEurope”onherwebsite.Onlysevencompanieshavesignedupsofar.

Thereisapowerfulbusinesscaseforhiringmorewomentoruncompanies.Theyaremorelikelytounderstandthetastesandaspirationsofthelargestgroupofconsumersintheworld,namelywomen.Theyrepresentanunderfishedpooloftalent.McKinsey,aconsultancy,recentlylookedat89listedcompaniesinEuropewithaveryhighproportionofwomeninseniormanagementpostsandcomparedtheirfinancialperformancewiththeaverageforfirmsinthesameindustry.Itfoundthatthesefirmsenjoyedahigherreturnonequity,fatteroperatingprofitsandamorebuoyantshareprice.Theauthorsdescribedthecorrelationbetweenpromotingwomenanddoingwellas“striking”，thoughtheyadmittedthattheycouldnotprovewhatwascausingwhat.Itispossiblethatfirmsthatarealreadydoingwelltendtohiremorefemaledirectors.Ontheotherhand,astudybyAmyDittmarandKennethAhemoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatfirmsthatwereforcedtoincreasetheshareofwomenontheirboardsbymorethantenpercentagepointssawonemeasureofcorporatevalue(theratioofmarketcapitalizationtothereplacementvalueofassets,knownasTobin’sQ)fallby18%.

Ifquotasaren’ttheanswer,whatis?Thequestionisfiendishlycomplex.Inmostrichcountries,womendoaswellasmenorevenbetteratschoolanduniversity.InAmerica,mostnewmaster’sdegreesareawardedtowomen.Womenalsoholdmorethanhalfoftheentry-leveljobsatAmericanblue-chipcompanies.

Butcorporatewomenstarttofallbehindtheirmalepeersrightfromthebeginning.Theyarelessaggressivethanmenwhennegotiatingtheirfirstsalaryandeverysubsequentpayrise.LindaBabcockofCarnegieMellonUniversityfoundthathermalegraduatestudentssecuredstartingsalaries7.6%higherthanherfemalegraduatestudents.Ingeneral,menarefourtimesmorelikelytoaskforapayrisethanwomenare.Compoundedovertime,thismakesahugedifference.

Thehigheryougazeupthecorporateladder,thefewerwomenyousee.AccordingtoCatalyst,aresearcherinNewYork,womenare37%ofthemiddlemanagersinbigAmericanfirms,28%oftheseniormanagersandamere14%ofexecutive-committeemembers.

Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.

Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.Partlybecauseitissotrickytojugglekidsandacareer,manyhighlyablewomenoptforjobswithpredictablehours,suchashumanresourcesoraccounting.Theyalsogravitatetowardsfieldswheretheirskillsarelesslikelytobecomeobsoleteiftheytakeacareerbreak,whichisperhapsonereasonwhynearlytwo-thirdsofnewAmericanlawgraduatesarefemalebutonly18%ofengineers.

Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.Crechesandnurseriesarcsubsidized.Stateschoolswillhangontothelittlemonsterswellintotheevening.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.

Womenbringuniquestrengthstoacompany,reckonsLisaGersh,thebossofMarthaStewartLivingOmnimedia,amerchandisingandmediafirmfoundedbyalifestyleguru.Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainfocusofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredtrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Allofthefollowingarebelievedtoaccountforthedisproportionaterepresentationofwomenin

businesstopEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofcareerwomenaccordingtothepassage?

5.Tohighlighthis/herpointsandconvincethereaders,theauthorofthispassagemainlyrelieson

（）.

问题1选项

A.Thedilemmaofbusinesswomen.

B.Thediscriminationagainstwomeninthefieldofbusiness.

C.Theconcernaboutthefactthattopwomenexecutivesaresofewandwhyitisso

D.Howtoeradicatethediscriminationagainstwomeninbusinessandtheeffect

问题2选项

A.ScandinaviancountriesaremoreegalitarianandfemininethanBritainandUSA

B.Peopleunanimouslywelcomethequotassystemtoincorporatemorewomenintotheboardroom.

C.Womenwhobenefitfromquotaspracticeinvariablypromotethedevelopmentoftheirbusinesses.

D.Americanwomenareingeneralthebesteducatedandalsothemostequallytreatedinbusiness.

问题3选项

A.Womenareheldbackbythedilemmaofdealingwithfamilyandwork.

B.Thepowerfulbackersavailabletosuccessfulmenaredeniedofwomen.

C.Womendon’tenjoythesameopportunityforbettereducationthanmen

D.Womenarelessaggressiveandlagbehindtheircounterpartsfromtheverybeginningoftheircareer. 

问题4选项

A.Cooperative

B.Multitasking

C.Efficient

D.flextime

问题5选项

A.dataandfigures

B.personalexperiences

C.assertionsbasedonpersonalobservations

D.appealingtoreaders’sentimentsandemotions

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要提出了高级女主管很少的现象，并且对此分析了原因。

2.推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Somegovernmentstryhardtohelpwomencombineacareerandfamily.FranceandtheScandinaviancountrieshelpwithchildcare.ThiscontrastsstarklywithAmericanandBritishschools,whichbootthemoutlongbeforeanadult’sworkdayisover.Americanparentsmustalsosquarethecircleofultra-shortholidaysforgrown-upsandabsurdlylongonesforkids.一些政府努力帮助女性把事业和家庭结合起来。法国和斯堪的纳维亚国家帮助儿童保育。这与美国和英国的学校形成了鲜明的对比，美国和英国的学校在一个成年人的工作日结束之前就把他们赶出去了。美国的父母还必须为成年人安排超短的假期，为孩子安排长得荒唐的假期。”可知法国和斯堪的纳维亚国家比英国和美国更加平等，更加重视女性，故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由倒数第四段及第三段“Thewaypatronageandpromotionworkwithinthecorporateworldmaycountagainstwomen.Nearlyalltheexecutiveswhorisetothetophavehadapowerfulbacker,accordingtoSylviaAnnHewlett，theauthorof“TheSponsorEffect”，areportfortheHarvardBusinessReview.YetwomenoftenfailtocultivatewhatMs.’Hewlettcalls“relationshipcapital”.Theyhesitatetocallinfavorsforfearofseemingpushy.Andmanyareafraidofthegossipthatacloserelationshipwithaseniormalecolleaguemightprovoke.Nodoubtallofthisplaysitspart.Butamuchbiggerobstacletoputtingmorewomeninboardroomsisthatsomanystruggletobalanceworkandafamily.在企业界，赞助和晋升的工作方式可能不利于女性。西尔维亚•安•休利特(SylviaAnnHewlett)是《哈佛商业评论》(HarvardBusinessReview)的一篇报告《赞助商效应》(theSponsorEffect)的作者，她认为，几乎所有升到高层的高管都有一个强有力的支持者。然而，女性往往无法培养出休利特所说的“关系资本”。他们不愿寻求帮助，担心会显得咄咄逼人。还有很多人担心与男同事的亲密关系会引发流言蜚语。毫无疑问，所有这些都发挥了作用。但让更多女性进入董事会的一个更大障碍是，太多女性难以平衡工作和家庭。可知ABD项在文中都有提及，故C项正确。

4.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theyaremorecollaborativethanmen,saysMsGersh,andbetteratmultitasking.Thosewithchildrenquicklybecomeefficient.Theyknowthattheyhavetobehomeatacertaintime.她们比男性更善于合作，Gersh女士说，而且更擅长多任务处理。那些有孩子的人很快就会变得有效率。她们知道她们必须在特定的时间回家。”可知职业女性的优势是善于合作，能够处理许多任务，并且高效。故答案D。

5.推理判断题。全文通过一些数据来分析女性高管少的现象及原因。故A项正确。

19.单选题

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

问题1选项

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conceal“隐藏，隐瞒”；B选项consent“同意，准许”；C选项abide“忍受”；D选项comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒绝遵守法律的人将受到惩罚。complywith意为“遵守”，所以选项D正确。

20.单选题

Itwasreally（）ofyoutoremembermybirthday.

问题1选项

A.grateful

B.considerate

C.considerable

D.generous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项grateful“感谢的，令人愉快的”；B选项considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”，例句：I’vealwaysunderstoodoneshouldtryandbeconsiderateofotherpeople.（我一直认为一个人应该尽量为他人着想。）；C选项considerable“相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的”，例句：Hebroughttothejobnotjustconsiderableexperiencebutpassionateenthusiasm.（他不仅给这一工作带来了不少经验，而且倾注了极大的热情。）；D选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”。句意：你还记得我的生日，真是太体贴了。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

21.写作题

Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsaccordingto/hefollowingtopic.PleasewriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided

TOPIC:

Doyouwanttotakeajobthatiswell-payingbutdemandshighlyorajobthatpaysyoumoderatelybutdemandslightly?Pleasechooseoneoptionandwriteanessayofatleast150words.Pleaseuseadequatematerialtosupportyourposition.

【答案】MyChoiceonJob22.单选题

Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.

问题1选项

A.speed

B.rhythm

C.velocity

D.tempo

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:speed“速度；快速”；B:rhythm“节奏”；C:velocity“速率”；D:tempo“［乐］速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。

23.单选题

Toourgreatdelight,yesterdaywereceiveda（n）（）donationfromabenefactor.

问题1选项

A.handsome

B.awesome

C.miserly